Prevalence Of Syndrome Research Articles

Leukocytosis as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health concern characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, primarily due to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. This process begins with endothelial injury, leading to a cascade of biological responses contributing to plaque formation. Endothelial injury attracts the migration of monocytes which differentiate into macrophages upon uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, changing into lipid-laden macrophage or "foam cells." The process of plaque formation is influenced by many factors which have been studied extensively in literature such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Chronic inflammatory illnesses are often associated with a high prevalence of coronary artery syndromes, prompting the evaluation of markers of inflammation such as white blood cell count and inflammatory markers as independent risk factors for CAD. White blood cells play a remarkable role in the pathophysiology of disease formation and progression. The article below aims to discuss the pathophysiology and epidemiology of leukocytosis as a risk factor for CAD.

Decreased prevalence and altered clinical phenotype of systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune connective tissue diseases in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional observational study.

Evidence has demonstrated that autoimmune diseases tend to coexist at a higher rate than expected, reflecting a common pathogenic pathway. In this study, we investigate the co-occurrence of systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren syndrome in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our data were obtained using the 2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, and Sjogren syndrome, as well as patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We utilized Statistical Analysis System 9.4 for all analyses and included designated weight values to produce nationally representative estimates. The prevalence of systemic sclerosis among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than that for the non-diabetes mellitus control group (0.0007% vs 0.09%, p-value = 0.0064 and 0.01% vs 0.07%, p-value < 0.0001), respectively. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of systemic sclerosis with lung involvement in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a statically significant difference in type 2 diabetes mellitus versus nondiabetic group (0.001% vs 0.006%, p-value < 0.0001). We noted a similar pattern regarding the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of Sjogren syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The collected data demonstrates an inverse relation between some autoimmune connective tissue diseases and diabetes. This suggests that these diseases and diabetes mellitus may have different immune pathogenesis. There was also a significantly lower incidence of organ complications such as lupus nephritis and systemic sclerosis lung disease among patients with diabetes, suggesting that diabetes and treatment of diabetes may alter the clinical expression of these disorders.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study investigated the prevalence trends of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents with obesity by systematically analyzing global data. Additionally, it aimed to compare regional disparities and criteria used to identify at-risk subpopulations among this demographic group. We searched three major databases, i.e., PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to August 31, 2023, yielding 2432 articles. We included original research papers reporting MetS prevalence among children and adolescents with obesity, irrespective of their regions and MetS diagnostic criteria used. We aggregated prevalence estimates using random-effects models to obtain the overall prevalence and conducted subgroup analyses for MetS criteria and study regions. We included 57 studies, amounting to 27,923 participants. The overall prevalence of MetS in participants with obesity varied greatly across studies, ranging from 2.1% to 74.4%, with an average prevalence of 29.4%. This high prevalence of MetS was further supported by a meta-analysis comprising 57 studies that further strengthened the observation of a high prevalence of MetS, revealing an overall prevalence of 26% (95% CI: 0.22-0.30; I2 = 98%). Children and adolescents with obesity face a heightened risk of developing MetS. There is a pressing need for heightened attention to this issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa.

Correlates of Premenstrual Syndrome in Polish Adolescents—Results from POLKA 18 Youth-Led Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among Polish adolescents and explore its associations with mental health outcomes, lifestyle factors, and risk behaviours. Additionally, it seeks to examine the impact of PMS on quality of life, contributing to the foundation for initiatives that enhance adolescent menstrual health. Methods: This research is part of the POLKA 18 study, a youth-led cross-sectional survey conducted between April and December 2019. Final-year high school students were surveyed using paper-based, self-reported questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the R programming language in RStudio, with a significance threshold of p-value &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 1545 valid responses were analysed. PMS was reported by 33.9% of respondents, with over 80% experiencing premenstrual symptoms. Adolescents with negative mental health outcomes, such as self-harm or suicidal ideation, were significantly more likely to report PMS (p ≤ 0.001). PMS was also strongly associated with anxiety and panic attacks (p &lt; 0.001). Risk behaviours, including smoking (p = 0.006), illicit substance use (p &lt; 0.01), and increased alcohol consumption in the past 30 days (p &lt; 0.001), were more prevalent among adolescents with PMS. Furthermore, respondents with PMS reported poorer school performance (p = 0.002), higher stress levels (p &lt; 0.001), and a more negative perception of their overall health (p &lt; 0.001) compared to peers without PMS. Conclusions: PMS is significantly associated with mental health issues, engagement in risky behaviours, higher stress, and diminished self-perceived health and academic performance. These findings highlight the need for further research and the development of targeted interventions to improve adolescent menstrual health.

Prevalence and Incidence of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome in Japan: A Nationwide Epidemiological Survey in 2022.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) are autosomal dominant diseases associated with high cancer risk. In Japan, knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of PJS and JPS is lacking despite being crucial for providing appropriate medical support. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of these diseases. In 2022, a nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the number of patients with PJS or JPS by sex and the number of newly confirmed cases from 2019 to 2021. The target facilities included gastroenterology, pediatrics, and pediatric surgery departments, which were stratified into seven classes on the basis of the total number of beds. We randomly selected target facilities using different extraction rates in each class, resulting in 1748/2912 facilities (extraction rate: 60%) as the final sample. We calculated the estimated number of patients using the response and extraction rates. A total of 1077 facilities responded to the survey. The estimated numbers of patients with PJS and JPS were 701 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 581-820) and 188 (95% CI: 147-230), respectively. The 3-year period prevalences of PJS and JPS were 0.6/100000 and 0.15/100000, whereas the incidences in 2021 were 0.07/100000 and 0.02/100000, respectively. Male patients constituted 53.5% and 59.6% in the PJS and JPS groups, respectively. We determined the prevalence and incidence of PJS and JPS in Japan for the first time. Further research is needed to obtain more detailed information, including the clinical differences and outcomes in Japan.

Prevalence and characteristics of the Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome among a Cohort of Iraqi Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign, uncommon rectal disorder characterized by combination of symptoms, clinical findings, and histological abnormalities. It has wide range of presentations and variable endoscopic findings. Objectives: to study the prevalence of SRUS in patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding and to further evaluate this syndrome in the affected patients. Subjects and Methods: A retro-prospective descriptive study conducted in Basrah Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital involved revision of 350 colonoscopic reports performed for the period from January 2022–June 2023 for patients presented with bleeding per rectum. Fifteen patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of SRUS were reviewed and followed up. Results: the prevalence rate was 4.28%; nine male (60%), seven female (40%), mean age (22 ±9.3) years (12-45years). Mean duration of symptoms until diagnosis (8.22 ±4) weeks (3-17) weeks, females had shorter diagnosis time compared to males (5.5±2.3) (8.2±5.3) weeks respectively. The most frequent single associated symptom with the bleeding per rectum was constipation (96.3%), 20% had multiple associated symptoms. On endoscopic examination:11 (73.4%) had ulcerated lesions,4 (26.6%) non ulcer lesions [3(20%) had polypoidal lesion,1(6.6%) had only hyperemic mucosa] Majority of rectal lesions located anteriorly 13 (86.6%). At follow up; symptoms improved in 7 (46.6%), endoscopic improvement in 8 (53.3%) and histological improvement in 11(73.4%), 2(13.3%) underwent endoscopic treatment and 3(20%) ended with surgery. Conclusions: SRUS is chronic, benign disorder related to straining or abnormal defecation. It has variable clinical presentations and variable endoscopic findings rather than solitary ulcer as the name imply with different therapeutic options are available.

Cardio-metabolic risk and morbidity of a cohort in a rural community of Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Of the ever-increasing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality constitute the major health burden world-wide. Several cross-sectional studies revealed the increasing prevalence of NCDs irrespective of cast, culture, ethnicity, socio-economic growth and geopolitical environment. Recent cross-sectional studies revealed South Asians are the most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Few cohort studies addressed cardiometabolic morbidity and related risks, particularly in the rural population.This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and its changes overtime in a rural cohort of Bangladesh. Methods: The study used baseline data of a study conducted in 2011- 2013 on prevalence of coronary artery disease among a cohort living in 16 villages. During 2021-2023, the baseline data collected in 2011-2013 were retrieved and the participants were searched and categorized into a) physically present, b) died and c) missing. Those who were present were requested to volunteer for re-investigations. Briefly the investigations included interviewing on social, family, personal and clinical history, anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, blood biochemistry and electrocardiography (ECG). Results: A total of 3928 people participated in baseline study of 2011- 2013. Of them, 1075 could be tracked by village and household. Of them, 953 were found alive. Of the 953 available participants, 651 (254 men and 397 women) volunteered to participate in 2021-2023 study. Compared to 2011-2013 baseline, the prevalence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased to 31.6% and 5.2% from 7.5% and 0.8% respectively in 2021-2023. Similarly, compared to baseline, the prevalence of obesity and hypertension also showed significant increase overtime. Estimated incidence of MetSyn was 260.8 per 1000 population, which was more profound in women than men (W: M= 300.3:200.8). Conclusions: The study revealed a significant increase of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome within a decade indicating an emerging health burden among the rural people of Bangladesh. January 2025; Vol. 19(1):003. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.19.003 *Correspondence: MA Sayeed, Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: sayeed950@gmail.com; © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY 4.0).

A Swedish dietary guideline index, gut microbial α-diversity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome – observations in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

A Swedish dietary guideline index, gut microbial α-diversity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome – observations in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

Prevalence of imposter syndrome and its association with depression, stress, and anxiety among nursing students: a multi-center cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of imposter syndrome among nursing students and its association with depression, stress, and anxiety.MethodsA multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1572 nursing students randomly selected from three universities across Egypt. The study was conducted over 3 months, from the beginning of January to the end of March, during the academic year 2023/2024. Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were used for data collection.ResultsA significant proportion of nursing students experience moderate to highly severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Around a quarter of students had moderate depression, 22.6% had moderate anxiety, and 14.9% had severe anxiety. Additionally, 13.3% of participants experienced severe stress, with only 3.8% experiencing highly severe stress. The study also found that 46.3% of students experienced moderate imposter syndrome, with 33% having frequent imposter levels and 6.2% scoring intense imposter on the scale. Furthermore, imposter syndrome was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and the total score of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (r = 0.639, p < 0.001). The stepwise linear regression analysis explained that 45.0% of the variance in students' depression, anxiety, and stress was due to imposter syndrome and other sociodemographic covariates.ConclusionThis study highlighted the relationship between imposter syndrome, depression, anxiety, and stress among nursing students. Specifically, female students in higher academic years, with lower grade point averages, living in urban areas, with lower family incomes, and not participating in hobbies are more prone to depression, anxiety, and stress.Nursing implicationsThese findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to managing the complex nature of mental health among nursing students. Incorporating education and resources on self-care and stress management techniques into nursing training programs is imperative for addressing the implications of imposter syndrome in nursing practice. Equipping nursing students with these essential skills can enhance their resilience, foster a healthier work environment, and ultimately improve patient care outcomes.

Metabolic syndrome and related factors in Cameroonian women under contraceptive use.

Contraceptive is a device or drug that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant. Some types of contraceptive can cause a myriad of secondary effects such as overweight, increase of blood pressure triglycerides, and glucose intolerance. The combination of these secondary effects could, in the long term, develop metabolic syndrome in these women. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in Cameroonians women on contraceptives. This was a cross-sectional study that included 231 Cameroonians fasting women from 18 to 49 years of age, on contraceptives. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were collected. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel III. After validation of the data, statistical analysis was performed using Epi-Info software version 7.2.2.16 and the statistical level of significance was set at 5.0%. 231 were using a modern contraceptive method, 28 were not using a contraceptive method, and 12 were non-consenting. The contraceptive method use rate was 89.19% and the most commonly used method was injectable contraception (49.35%). According to National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, almost 38.96% of these women were overweight and 50.65% had a serum high density lipoproteins cholesterol level of less than 0.50 g/L. Among women on contraceptives, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22.08%. However, there was no significant association between contraceptive use and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (p = 0.63). Contraceptive use was certain in all the participants, it's reported that, according to the NCEP-ATPIII a prevalence of 22.08% of metabolic syndrome among women using modern contraceptive methods in Douala, Republic of Cameroon. The high-risk groups were women using injectable method. Therefore, lipid profiles should be assessed in those women in order to manage them better.

Clinical and Biological Markers of Frailty Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of prefrailty and frailty syndrome (FS) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the clinical and biological characteristics of frail patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Material and Methods: The study included 78 patients with CAD who were admitted to the clinic to undergo PCI. To detect prefrailty and FS in patients, we used a short physical performance test battery (10–12 points—no FS, 8–9 points—prefrailty, 7 or fewer points—FS). We used the RayBio® Human ELISA Kit (Norcross, GA, USA), a highly sensitive and highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to determine the concentration of biological markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α) and bone, muscle, and fat remodeling (leptin, calcitonin, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, myostatin) in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease before planned PCI. Results: Taking into account the test battery score, the prevalence of FS in patients with CAD before elective PCI was 24.4%, the prevalence of prefrailty was 33.3%. According to the results of the study, older women with type 2 diabetes in their history were significantly more likely to be frail. Studying a wide range of biological markers of inflammation and musculoskeletal and fat remodeling, we noted lower levels of calcitonin (2.60 [1.50; 5.85] pg/mL, p = 0.018) and osteoprotegerin (0.80 [0.60; 1.20] ng/mL, p = 0.025) in the serum of frail patients with CAD. Later we confirmed the results by correlation analysis. Moreover, we found an association between FS and higher serum leptin levels in patients with CAD before elective PCI. Conclusion: The results of the study confirm the high prevalence of prefrailty (33.3%) and FS (24.4%) in patients with CAD. Older women with type 2 diabetes in their history were significantly more likely to be frail. At the same time, the presence of FS is associated with lower levels of calcitonin and osteoprotegerin, and higher levels of leptin in the serum of frail patients before elective PCI.

Restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosis: uncovering prevalence and clinical aspects.

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and explore its associations with sleep quality, comorbidities and quality of life. RLS and RRMS diagnosis were made using the latest criteria the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 (ICSD-3) criteria and 2017 McDonald criteria. A total of 210 individuals, including 105 patients diagnosed with RRMS and 105 healthy volunteers were included into the study. Data of demographical and disease characteristics and RLS properties were collected. Several scales to assess anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality and quality of life scales were used. RLS prevalence was found in 21.9% of RRMS patients and 12.4%of healthy volunteers. RRMS patients with RLS exhibit significantly higher anxiety and depression scores in sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life compared to the patients without RLS. This study highlights a higher prevalence of RLS in patients with RRMS compared to healthy individuals. RRMS patients with RLS exhibited distinct characteristics, including lower sleep quality and higher quality of life scores while RLS was nod significantly associated with demographic or clinical variables. Recognizing RLS in patients with RRMS is important for the treatment and improving their overall well-being.

Two-dimensional health state map to define metabolic health using separated static and dynamic homeostasis features: a proof-of-concept study

Abstract Defining metabolic health is critical for earlier reversing metabolic dysfunction and disease, and fasting-based diagnosis may not adequately assess individual's metabolic adaptivity under stress. We constructed a novel Health State Map (HSM) comprising Health Phenotype Score (HPS) with fasting features alone and Homeostatic Resilience Score (HRS) with a 5-time point features only (t = 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 min) following a standardized mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT). Among 111 adult Chinese, the mixed-score, using the same set of fasting and post-MMTT data as HSM, was highly correlated with HPS. HRS was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome prevalence, independent of HPS (OR [95% CI]: 0.41 [0.18, 0.92]) and the mixed-score (0.34 [0.15, 0.69]). Moreover, HRS could discriminate metabolic characteristics unseparated by HPS and the mixed-score. Participants with higher HRS had better metabolic traits than those with lower HRS. Large interpersonal variations were also evidenced by evaluating postprandial homeostatic resiliencies for glucose, lipids, and amino acids, when participants had similar overall HRS. Additionally, HRS was positively associated with physical activity level and specific gut microbiome structure. Collectively, our HSM model might offer a novel approach to precisely define an individual's metabolic health and nutritional capacity.

Prevalence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome among older adults in Brazil and evaluation of effect modification by race.

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCRS) is a pre-dementia syndrome of growing interest, yet it remains understudied in Latin America with a significant lack of information on the interaction between its risk factors and race. To estimate the prevalence of MCRS among older adults in Brazil, investigate its association with various clinical and sociodemographic variables, and explore the potential of effect modification by race. This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among community-dwelling older adults in Brazil, with data collected between 2015 and 2016. The diagnosis of MCRS was established following the standard recommended by the original study that first described it. We used Poisson regression models to analyze the association between MCRS and a list of 21 variables identified from a systematic review. A total of 4677 participants aged 60 years and older were included. The prevalence of MCRS in the Brazilian population of older adults was 4.34% (95% CI: 3.20%-5.48%). Higher levels of education and physical activity showed protective associations with MCRS, while depression and stroke demonstrated risk associations. A significant cross-over interaction between race and depression regarding MCRS was observed, such that the association of depression with MCRS was approximately three times higher among White individuals than Black individuals. Our results challenge previous estimates that Latin America is the region with the highest prevalence of MCRS among older adults and signal the need for further studies to better investigate the modification of effect of the association between depression and MCRS by race.

Features of damage to the central nervous system and mental sphere in patients with comorbid post-COVID syndrome

The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome in patients treated on an outpatient basis ranges from 10 to 35 %; it can reach 80 % in patients with severe coronavirus infection. It is currently hypothesized that long-COVID may be due to both the direct effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19.The aim. To study the characteristics of damage to the central nervous system and mental sphere in patients with comorbid post-COVID syndrome.Materials and methods. To study the clinical features of the course of post-COVID syndrome, 98 patients who had suffered COVID-19 were examined. Of these, 18 (18.4 %) were men, 80 (81.6 %) were women. The mean age in the group was 56.05 ± 1.27 years. The examination program included a questionnaire, clinical examination, pulse oximetry, and assessment of exercise tolerance using the Borg scale. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica software package, version 6 (StatSoft Inc., USA). The results of the study are presented as a median, upper and lower quartiles. After analyzing the compliance of the studied indicators with the law of normal distribution (Shapiro – Wilk test), the groups were compared using the Wilcoxon test for pairwise comparison of related samples. Differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.Results. Our studies of comorbidity and complications after COVID-19 infection revealed the most frequent involvement of three systems in the pathological process: cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine. Metabolic syndrome was detected in 67 % and involvement of the cardiovascular system was detected in 48.8 % of those examined.One of the main manifestations of post-COVID syndrome is damage to the central nervous system and mental sphere in the form of mild cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders with asthenodepressive and anxiety-depressive disorders.Conclusion. The health status of patients after COVID-19 is significantly lower than that of the general population. The study results indicate an urgent need to study the pathogenesis of long COVID and develop effective interventions to reduce the risk of its development.

Impact of gut microbiota on metabolic syndrome and its comprising traits: a two-sample mendelian randomization study

BackgroundThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome is on the rise globally. Understanding the etiology and discovering potential treatment target have become a priority. Observational data have linked gut microbiota with metabolic syndrome and its comprising traits. However, whether these relations underlie causal effects remains unclear.MethodsUsing Inver Variance Weighted (IVW) as primary analysis method, we performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome with its comprising traits. Methods including MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), Weighted Mode, and Weighted Median were chosen for additional MR analysis to test the robustness of MR results. Cochran’s IVW Q test and leave-one-out IVW analysis tested the heterogeneity among instrumental variables (IVs). Steiger filtering was utilized to exclude all IVs with reverse causality. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data used in this study were all from the largest respective GWAS studies available.ResultsOut of 1172 tests, a total of 16 associations with evidence of causality were identified after sensitivity analyses, but only 3 remained after multiple testing correction. Class Melainabacteria (β = 0.02, adjusted P = 0.01) with affiliated order Gastranaerophilales (β = 0.02, adjusted P = 1.20*10− 3) and genus Eubacterium hallii (β = 0.03, adjusted P = 0.03) showed a positive effect on abdominal obesity. All effect sizes were small (abs(β) < 0.1). All causal relationships identified were unidirectional.ConclusionsGiven the study’s limitations, we found little evidence supporting a large causal effect, i.e. absolute effect size > 0.1, of gut microbial taxa abundance on metabolic syndrome and its comprising traits. This study also suggests that previously reported associations between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome with its comprising traits may not necessarily lead to causal relations.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Prevalence of cancer-related fatigue syndrome and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in adult patients with colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study.

To describe the prevalence of fatigue in adults with colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, to explore the associations and correlations between fatigue and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Patients with CRC at various phases of the disease were evaluated for fatigue using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel index, perception of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and performance status using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria in a Chilean public hospital. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the variables. Chi-square and Spearman tests were utilized to evaluate associations between fatigue and other variables. Among 241 patients participate (mean age 68.9 ± 12.2years) and colon cancer was most common (66.4%). Fatigue was present in all disease phases, with moderate fatigue most prevalent (49.3%), followed by mild (24.2%) and severe (13.6%). Newly diagnosed patients had a higher proportion of severe fatigue (p = 0.04). Women experienced more moderate fatigue than men (p < 0.05). Patients with over three comorbidities and severe pain had higher severe fatigue (p < 0.05). Mood disorders were linked to more severe fatigue, while their absence was related to milder fatigue (p = 0.02). Musculoskeletal disorders correlated with moderate fatigue, while their absence correlated with mild fatigue (p < 0.01). Small positive correlations existed between fatigue and age (Rho = 0.15) and pain (Rho = 0.23) (p < 0.05). Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is highly prevalent in individuals with CRC and can be present throughout all phases of the disease. Early screening and management are recommended, prior to surgical treatment.

A Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Newly Diagnosed Autoimmune Disorders in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital

INTRODUCTION: The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence and severity of dry eye in autoimmune disorders. The objectives included studying the prevalence of dry eye in patients with autoimmune disorders and assessing the severity of dry eye in each individual with an autoimmune disorder.AIM: To assess the prevalence and severity of dry eye in patients newly diagnosed with Autoimmune disorders.OBJECTIVES: • To study the prevalence of dry eye in patients newly diagnosed with Autoimmune disorders.• To assess the severity of dry eye in each patient with an Autoimmune disorder.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design is a cross-sectional study. The study population included hospital-based population newly diagnosed with autoimmune disorders. The study was conducted in the state of Tamil Nadu, with the study setting being the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department at SBMCH. The study period was 11/2 years from Jan 2023 to June 2024. Ethical considerations include obtaining approval from the Medical Ethical Committee of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital before commencing the study. The resources and funding for the study was self-funded.RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants were 32.34±9.05 years. Gender-wise, 43.8% were males, and 56.2% were females, indicating a female preponderance. Among the autoimmune disorders studied, Rheumatoid arthritis (32.9%), Psoriasis (27.4%),and Sjogren’s syndrome (12.3%) were the most prevalent. Tear film meniscus height results revealed that 80.8% had TFMH &lt;0.25% and 19.17% had TFMH 0.25-0.50mm.Tear film breakup time (TBUT) results revealed that 64.4% had TBUT more than 10 seconds, and 35.6% had 5 to 10 seconds. The Rose Bengal test showed positive results in 43.8% and was negative in 56.1% of patients. Schirmer’s test 1 showed 35.6% had moderate dry eye followed by 32.8% had mild dry eye and 17.8% had severe dry eye. Schirmer’s test 2 also showed 36.9% of patients had moderate dry eye,31.5% had mild dry eye and 20.5% had severe dry eye. Ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) indicated 38.4% had mild dry eye,30.1% had moderate dry eye,15.1% had severe dry eye and 16.4% had normal tear function.CONCLUSION: The study provides a valuable understanding of the prevalence and characteristics of dry eye syndrome in a diverse population with various autoimmune conditions. The findings highlight important demographic patterns, ocular manifestations, and tear function parameters among individuals with autoimmune diseases.

Emotional burnout in medical workers of the outpatient clinic

Introduction. Much attention is paid to the study of the prevalence of emotional burnout syndrome (EBS) among health workers (HW). There are few studies of the relationship between EBS and factors influencing the HW subjective well-being. Material and methods. HW in outpatient clinics (nineteen doctors and 45 nurses) were examined. EBS was diagnosed using the method by V.V. Boyko, trait (TA) and state anxiety (SA) – using the Spielberger–Khanin scale, subjective social well-being (SSW) – the PWI-A questionnaire by R. Cummins. The Mann–Whitney criterion, χ2 was used to analyze the differences between the indicators, Pearson’s contingency coefficient – to assess the strength of the relationship, two-way variance analysis – to detect the simultaneous influence of two factors on the studied indicators, Spearman’s rank coefficient – to assess the correlation relationship. Results. All HW showed EBS signs of varying severity. In the structure of dominant symptoms, the leading places were occupied by experiences of psychotraumatic circumstances (46.2% in doctors and 54.2% in nurses), emotional and moral disorientation (43.5% in doctors), expansion in the sphere in economy, in emotions (30.2% in nurses), emotional deficit (33.3% in doctors and 35.2% in nurses), depersonalization (33.3% in doctors and 32.4% in nurses). The specificity of the severity of symptoms does not depend on the age, but has positive relationships with experience. 34.7% of HW had high levels of TA and SA; no differences were found between the group of doctors and nurses. The levels of TA and SA did not depend on the age and experience. Inverse relationships were established between the development of EBS and the indicators of the SSW (confidence in the future, their achievements, level of personal security, and their standard of living). Limitations. The cross-sectional design of the study, a small sample does not allow making unambiguous cause-and-effect conclusions regarding the factors influencing on the development of EBS. Conclusion. Data on the dominant symptoms in each phase of EBS, the levels of SA and TA, and the SSW assessments can be used to develop a program for the prevention and psychological correction of EBS in HW.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Patients with autoimmune diseases experience a higher burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a paucity of data regarding MetS in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its impact on CVD. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS components in IBD patients, as well as their association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure and arrhythmias. Methods: After pooling 5 years of data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database (2016-2020), we compared traditional cardiovascular risk factors between IBD and non-IBD patients. We then investigated the association between MetS (represented by a calculated metabolic score (CMS) ranging from 0 to 4, based on the presence or absence of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and type II diabetes) and CVD, separately for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Results: The prevalence of the different MetS components was found to be lower in IBD patients compared to non-IBD patients. Comparing CD (n = 806,875) and UC (n = 575,925) identified a higher prevalence of MetS components in UC. Higher CMS was positively associated with ACS and arrhythmias in both CD and UC. This association was evident in heart failure, with the odds ratio increasing from 2.601 for CMS = 1 to 6.290 for CMS = 4 in UC patients and from 2.622 to 5.709 in CD patients. Conclusions: Our study highlights the positive association between traditional components of MetS and CVD in IBD patients. Our findings suggest that chronic inflammation explains only partially the CVD burden in hospitalized IBD patients.