Prevalence Of Suboptimal Vitamin Research Articles

Prevalence of Suboptimal Vitamin D Level and Mean Serum Level of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D in Different Patient Groups at Chulabhorn Hospital: Retrospective Study

Objective: To study the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D level (vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency) and mean blood level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in different patient groups at Chulabhorn Hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective descriptive study. Data of all patients who visited Chulabhorn Hospital and were tested for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between August 1st, 2016 and September 31st, 2018 were collected from the computer database. The primary outcome was the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D level at Chulabhorn Hospital. The secondary outcome was the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D level and mean serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in different patient groups. Results: Data from 1,211 patients were obtained from the database. The prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D level was 71.4%. The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level was 25.6 ng/ml. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was higher in the outpatient department group than the intensive care unit and inpatient department group with statistical significance and practical significance (p<0.001, effect size 0.58). Conclusion: Suboptimal level of vitamin D was common at Chulabhorn Hospital. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D insufficiency, Suboptimal vitamin D level, Chulabhorn Hospital, Thailand

Vitamin D status of children with moderate to severe chronic Kidney Disease at a Tertiary Pediatric Center in Cape Town.

The prevalence of suboptimal Vitamin D levels is higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in the general population. Recent findings suggest that progression of CKD is linked to a suboptimal Vitamin D level. A high percentage of CKD patients have severe Vitamin D deficiency. These patients also have a low level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] and consequently, a reduced ability to form active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Various factors underlie the low level of 25(OH)D, including a sedentary lifestyle, decreased intake of Vitamin D due to CKD-related dietary restrictions, and decreased synthesis of Vitamin D in skin due to uremia. All these factors may be particularly influential in patients with progressively worsening CKD, including those receiving chronic dialysis. The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in children with CKD stages three to five and those receiving chronic dialysis, to ascertain whether there is a relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and the stage of CKD, and to identify any clinical correlates associated with the Vitamin D status. A single-center, retrospective review was conducted of 46 children (younger than 18 years) with CKD stages 3-5D who attended the renal clinic of the Red Cross Children's Hospital between October 2013 and November 2014. In total, 73.9% of the study population had suboptimal Vitamin D levels (43.5% and 30.4% had Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively). The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in older children (≥10 years of age) than in younger children (P = 0.000) but did not significantly differ between males and females (P = 0.693). In total, 12 of 15 black children (80%), 19 of 26 colored children (73.1%), two of four white children (50%), and one Asian child (100%) had suboptimal Vitamin D levels. Neither white nor Asian child had Vitamin D deficiency. In addition, 90% of patients undergoing chronic dialysis, 80% of whom were receiving peritoneal dialysis, had suboptimal Vitamin D levels. Age, weight, height, and the albumin concentration were significantly associated with the Vitamin D level. There was a positive linear relationship between the Vitamin D level and the serum albumin concentration (Spearman's rho correlation coefficient = 0.397, P = 0.007). In total, 87.5% of patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria had suboptimal Vitamin D levels, and 80% were Vitamin D deficient (P = 0.004). A higher percentage of Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency cases was documented during the winter (24/34, 70.6%) than during the summer (10/34, 29.4%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.685). Sub-optimal Vitamin D is high among children with moderate to severe CKD and significantly higher in those undergoing chronic dialysis. The emerging evidence of the role of Vitamin D in slowing progression of CKD highlights the need for monitoring and correction of Vitamin D levels in predialysis children.

Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia

We measured the vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folic acid nutritional status in a group of apparently healthy men (n = 44) with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (plasma homocysteine concentration > 16.3 mumol/L). Compared with control subjects (n = 274) with normal plasma homocysteine (< or = 16.3 mumol/L) concentrations, significantly lower plasma concentrations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P < 0.001), cobalamin (P < 0.001), and folic acid (P = 0.004) were demonstrated in hyperhomocysteinemic men. The prevalence of suboptimal vitamin B-6, B-12, and folate status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia was 25.0%, 56.8%, and 59.1%, respectively. In a placebo-controlled follow-up study, a daily vitamin supplement (10 mg pyridoxal, 1.0 mg folic acid, 0.4 mg cyanocobalamin) normalized elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations within 6 wk. Because hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated as a risk factor for premature occlusive vascular disease, appropriate vitamin therapy may be both efficient and cost-effective to control elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations.