Prevalence Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Research Articles

Utilidad de una técnica antigénica rápida en el diagnóstico de faringoamigdalitis por Streptococcus pyogenes

IntroductionStreptococcus pyogenes is the most frequent bacterial cause of acute tonsillopharyngitis. The validity of the rapid antigen test was analysed for its diagnosis in a Paediatric Primary Care setting. The clinical profile with better diagnostic yield was also identified. The unnecessary use of antibiotics was quantified when the rapid antigen test or only the clinical diagnosis was used. The sensitivity of the assay to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was also determined. Patients and methodsCross-sectional study was conducted on children between 2 to 14 years with acute tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis seen in five Primary Care Centres, from January 2008 to May 2010. After a clinical diagnosis, two swabs were taken for pharyngotonsillar smears: the first was used for a rapid antigen test, and the second one for a culture and a study of antibiotic sensitivity, with its analysis being blind to the rapid test result. A total sample of 546 consecutive was envisaged and with consecutive sampling. ResultsA total 192 patients were included. The prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes was 38.7% (95% CI: 31.4-45.7). Odynophagia and scarlatiniform rash were most likely with positive cultures, the Streptococcus pyogenes was sensitive to penicillin in 100%, to erythromycin in 97.3% and to clindamycin in 86.3%. The specificity of the rapid antigen test was 91.5% and with a Negative Predictive Value of 91.5%. About half (49.2%) of those who would have receive antibiotics for clinical suspicion would have been treated unnecessarily, with this decreasing to at least in 29.5% when using the rapid antigen test. ConclusionsThe rapid antigen test can lead to a better use of antibiotics. Its use in Paediatric Primary Health Care could be useful when, as when the result is negative, there would be no need to confirm by a culture, in those Health Centres with difficult access to laboratory.

Prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes as an oropharynx colonizer in children attending daycare: a comparative study of different regions in Brazil

SummaryThirty percent of acute pharyngotonsillitis is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which increased the risk of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Children attending daycare centers have a higher incidence of these infections.Aimto identify and compare the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in the oropharynx of children who are enrolled and who are not enrolled in daycare centers in different regions of Brazil.Materials and MethodsA prospective study of two hundred children from Sao Paulo/SP and Porto Velho/RO. Children from each city were divided into two groups: those attending, and those not attending daycare centers. Swabs of the oropharynx were taken for bacteriological culture and identification.ResultsThe prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in the São Paulo groups were 8% and 2% for daycare and control groups, which was statistically significant (p=0.02). The prevalence in children from Porto Velho/RO was 24% and 16% for daycare and control groups, which was statistically significant (p=0.015). Statistical analysis also showed a significant difference between the corresponding groups in the two locations (p<0.01).ConclusionThese results show that daycare attendance is a risk factor for oropharyngeal streptococcal colonization; this was seen in different populations, but was statistically significance in only one of the two samples.

Portadores assintomáticos de infecções por Streptococcus pyogenes em duas escolas públicas na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco

OBJETIVOS: investigar a prevalência Streptococus pyogenes em secreção de orofaringe de escolares procedentes de duas escolas públicas da cidade Recife. MÉTODOS: estudo epidemiológico e clínico-microbiológico descritivo no qual foram examinados 753 escolares. A cultura bacteriana da secreção orofaringeana foi realizada em ágar-sangue de carneiro 5% e as cepas SBGA identificadas através dos testes de bacitracina, Pyr e aglutinação em látex. RESULTADOS: a faixa etária dos 753 escolares analisados variou de cinco a 19 anos, sendo 54,3% do sexo masculino e 45,7% do sexo feminino. Seis eram portadores assintomáticos de SBGA e foram submetidos ao tratamento com penicilina. Após o tratamento, realizou-se a dosagem da antiestreptolisina o (ASLO), cujos títulos séricos foram inferiores a 200UT. CONCLUSÕES: uma prevalência de SBGA de 0,8% foi estimada em portadores assintomáticos, considerada baixa, quando comparado a outros resultados em estudos semelhantes. Os autores sugerem a realização de outros estudos para estimar a prevalência de SBGA em crianças com faringite e sua relação com a febre reumática aguda.

Streptococcus pyogenes Transmission among Air Force Recruits: Efficacy of Surveillance and Prophylaxis Protocols

The prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in Air Force recruits (n = 10,634) completing basic training at Lackland Air Force Base between November 1, 1993, and March 1, 1994, was determined. Throat cultures were obtained on the second day and the last day of training, approximately 6 weeks later. Although the prevalence on the second day was nearly identical between males (1.99%) and females (1.98%), males with positive cultures increased to 4.30%, whereas females with positive cultures increased to 2.92% at the end of training. Within flights, an increase was noted in male flights when members sought care and subsequently were positive for S. pyogenes. Within these flights, S. pyogenes prevalence significantly increased from 2.79 to 7.20% (p < 0.001) despite antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis treatment measures. Within female flights, the increase was from 2.68 to 3.35%, which was not statistically significant (p < 0.19). A total of 161 trainees were treated for S. pyogenes as a result of positive cultures; remarkably, 27.3% of these were still culture-positive on the last day of training.

Carriage ofStreptococcus pyogenes among infants and toddlers attending day-care facilities in closed communities in southern Israel

Infants and toddlers attending ten day-care facilities in closed communities in southern Israel were tested monthly for pharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and associated respiratory morbidity. Overall, the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes was 2.7% in infants and 8.4% in toddlers, reaching 8.5% and 17.8% in the two groups, respectively by midwinter. In 4 of 61 (6.6%) infants and 15 of 67 (22.4%) toddlers, the organism was recovered in more than one month (range 2 to 5 months). Streptococcus pyogenes in the pharynx was only associated with rhinitis during the spring and summer but not with other respiratory symptoms. During the study period, a mean of 0.9 strains were isolated in day-care facilities attended by infants, while a mean of 2.1 strains were found in toddlers. Young children attending day-care facilities show early acquisition of Streptococcus pyogenes in the pharynx.