Prevalence Of Selenium Deficiency Research Articles

Rationale and design for the peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry

Background: Nigeria probably has the highest burden of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the world. The primary objective is to describe the burden, ventricular remodelling, and outcomes (rehospitalisation rate, cardioembolic events and survival) of PPCM in Nigeria. In the substudies, we aim to describe the relationship between selenium deficiency, oxidative stress and PPCM, the impact of sodium selenite supplementation on cardiac function in PPCM, and the prevalence of selenium deficiency and its relationship with cardiac function in apparently healthy pregnant women. Methods: The main registry and the first substudy are prospective longitudinal studies, while the second substudy is an openlabel randomised trial. 36 study centres across Nigeria have been registered and 10 of them are already recruiting subjects. Patients will be recruited from June to December 2017 and followed up till December 2018. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase will be assayed at recruitment for consecutive PPCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% at 6 months postpartum. 200 subjects with selenium deficiency will be randomised into treatment (selenium selenite 200 μg tablets daily for 3 months) and control arms. In the second substudy, 120 apparently healthy pregnant women will be recruited at 2838 weeks of gestation and reviewed at 68 weeks postpartum, and their serum selenium and glutathione peroxidas levels will be measured at recruitment. Conclusions: This will be the largest systematic evaluation of PPCM in Nigeria, and it is hoped that the information will assist in developing locally applicable treatment guidelines and policies for the disease.

Rationale and design for the peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry

Background: Nigeria probably has the highest burden of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the world. The primary objective is to describe the burden, ventricular remodelling, and outcomes (rehospitalisation rate, cardioembolic events and survival) of PPCM in Nigeria. In the substudies, we aim to describe the relationship between selenium deficiency, oxidative stress and PPCM, the impact of sodium selenite supplementation on cardiac function in PPCM, and the prevalence of selenium deficiency and its relationship with cardiac function in apparently healthy pregnant women. Methods: The main registry and the first substudy are prospective longitudinal studies, while the second substudy is an openlabel randomised trial. 36 study centres across Nigeria have been registered and 10 of them are already recruiting subjects. Patients will be recruited from June to December 2017 and followed up till December 2018. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase will be assayed at recruitment for consecutive PPCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% at 6 months postpartum. 200 subjects with selenium deficiency will be randomised into treatment (selenium selenite 200 μg tablets daily for 3 months) and control arms. In the second substudy, 120 apparently healthy pregnant women will be recruited at 2838 weeks of gestation and reviewed at 68 weeks postpartum, and their serum selenium and glutathione peroxidas levels will be measured at recruitment. Conclusions: This will be the largest systematic evaluation of PPCM in Nigeria, and it is hoped that the information will assist in developing locally applicable treatment guidelines and policies for the disease.

Rationale and design for the peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry

Background: Nigeria probably has the highest burden of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the world. The primary objective is to describe the burden, ventricular remodelling, and outcomes (rehospitalisation rate, cardioembolic events and survival) of PPCM in Nigeria. In the substudies, we aim to describe the relationship between selenium deficiency, oxidative stress and PPCM, the impact of sodium selenite supplementation on cardiac function in PPCM, and the prevalence of selenium deficiency and its relationship with cardiac function in apparently healthy pregnant women. Methods: The main registry and the first substudy are prospective longitudinal studies, while the second substudy is an openlabel randomised trial. 36 study centres across Nigeria have been registered and 10 of them are already recruiting subjects. Patients will be recruited from June to December 2017 and followed up till December 2018. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase will be assayed at recruitment for consecutive PPCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% at 6 months postpartum. 200 subjects with selenium deficiency will be randomised into treatment (selenium selenite 200 μg tablets daily for 3 months) and control arms. In the second substudy, 120 apparently healthy pregnant women will be recruited at 2838 weeks of gestation and reviewed at 68 weeks postpartum, and their serum selenium and glutathione peroxidas levels will be measured at recruitment. Conclusions: This will be the largest systematic evaluation of PPCM in Nigeria, and it is hoped that the information will assist in developing locally applicable treatment guidelines and policies for the disease.

Correlation of Selenium Deficiency with Anthropometric Parameters among Primary School Children in Southwestern Nigeria

Background: Selenium is of fundamental importance to health, being an essential trace element involved in many immunological, endocrine, and antioxidant pathways. Its deficiency is associated with growth failure, poor immune function, cognitive decline and increased risk of morbidity and mortality especially among school aged children. The study aims at determining the serum level of selenium among primary school pupils in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area and its correlations with their socioeconomic characteristics and the anthropometric indices. Method : Children aged 6 to 12 years old were recruited from registered public and private primary schools. A semi-structured questionnaire designed for the study was used to obtain relevant data. Serum selenium levels was estimated using Human Selenium Binding Protein. Chi-square test of independence was used to examine the association between selenium levels and each of socio-demographic variables and anthropometric indices while Pearson moment correlation was used to determine the correlation between selenium levels and socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric indices of the study population. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 8.35 ± 1.61 years. Majority (86.7%) of the subjects were from middle and high socio-economic classes. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity was found to be 8.8%, 4.3%, 1.8% and 2.0% respectively. The mean serum selenium concentration was 0.51 ± 0.30ng/ml while mean serum albumin was 40.4 ± 8.13 g/l. Selenium deficiency was 36.5% and low serum protein and albumin was found in 15.1% and 27% of the study population respectively. Serum selenium level was significantly associated with age, family size and gender. There was a negative correlation between age group, family size and serum selenium levels while a positive correlation exist between socio-economic class and selenium levels. Weight-for age and height-for-age has a positive correlation with selenium levels while stunting and selenium levels were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Prevalence of selenium deficiency is high among subjects and it is an important public health challenge in the country. Socio-demographic characteristics like age, family size, gender and socio-economic class are significantly associated with selenium status of the school children. Selenium deficiency was significantly related to the nutritional status of the study population.

Human biomonitoring of toxic and essential metals in younger elderly, octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians: Analysis of the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS) in China.

Metals can be either toxic or essential to health, as they play different role in oxidative stress and metabolic homeostasis during the ageing process. Population-based biomonitoring have documented levels and ranges in concentrations among general population of 0-79years of age. In people aged 80 and above, toxic metals and essential metals may have different risk profiles, and thus need to be better studied. Our aim is to investigate concentrations of toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) and essential metals (chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, nickel and selenium) and their role in diseases, nutritional status among younger elderly, octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians. A total of 932 younger elderly, 643 octogenarians, 540 nonagenarians, 386 centenarians were included from the cross-sectional Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017-2018. Blood or urine biological substrates were collected from each participant to determine the concentrations of toxic metals and essential metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Random forest was constructed to rank the importance of toxic metals and essential metals in longevity. LASSO penalized regressions were performed to select the most significant metals associated with diseases and nutritional status, of which simultaneously included all metals and adjusted for the confounding factors. Compared to women, we found higher biomarker concentrations in men for toxic metals (41.2µg/L vs 34.4µg/L for blood lead, 1.56µg/L vs 1.19µg/L for blood mercury) and lower concentration of essential metals (0.48µg/L vs 0.58µg/L for blood molybdenum, 10.0µg/L vs 11.1µg/L for blood manganese). These factors may contribute to gender difference observed in longevity, that women live longer than men. Blood lead and urine cadmium tended to increase with age (P<0.001); blood cobalt, molybdenum, manganese increased with age, blood selenium decreased with age while the prevalence of selenium deficiency was extremely low in centenarians. Among toxic metals and essential metals, LASSO penalized regression identified the most significant metals associated with chronic kidney disease was cadmium and arsenic; and it was manganese, cobalt, and selenium for diabetes; it was selenium, molybdenum, lead for anemia; it was mercury for underweight. In random forest model, the top four important metals in longevity were selenium, arsenic, lead and manganese both in men and women. Generally, toxic metals levels were significantly higher while essential metals were relatively sufficient in Chinese centenarians. Toxic metals and essential metals played different role in diseases, nutritional status and longevity in the process of aging. Our research provided real world evidence of biomonitoring reference values to be used for the ongoing population health surveillance in longevity.

Factors Affecting Selenium Status in Infants on Parenteral Nutrition Therapy.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient that must be supplemented in infants and young children on exclusive parenteral nutrition (PN). We examined selenium status and clinical factors associated with a deficiency in infants on PN. This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients receiving PN with routine monitoring of selenium status. Deficiency was diagnosed using age-based norms of plasma selenium status. Associations between selenium deficiency and the following clinical factors were examined: birthweight status: extremely low birthweight (ELBW) versus very low birthweight (VLBW) versus low birthweight (LBW) versus normal birthweight (NBW), serum albumin status, presence of cholestasis, and co-administration of enteral feeds. A total of 42 infants were included with gestational age [median (interquartile range)] 28 weeks (25,34). The prevalence of selenium deficiency was 80% and the prevalence of albumin deficiency was 87.5%. The odds of selenium deficiency were higher in ELBW infants (odds ratio = 17.84, 95% confidence interval [4.04-78.72], P < 0.001) and VLBW infants (odds ratio = 16.26, 95% confidence interval [1.96-135.04], P < 0.001) compared to NBW infants. The odds of selenium deficiency were 5-fold higher in patients with low serum albumin (odds ratio = 5.33, 95% confidence interval [1.39-20.42], P = 0.015). There were no associations seen between selenium status and presence of cholestasis or co-administration of enteral feeds. In this cohort of infants on PN therapy, the main clinical factors associated with selenium deficiency were presence of hypoalbuminemia and history of ELBW or VLBW. These findings support dual measurement of serum albumin and serum selenium to improve interpretation of selenium status.

Selenium Status Is Not Associated with Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in 154 Older Australian Adults.

Selenium was suggested to play a role in modulating cognitive performance and dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between selenium status and cognitive performance, as well as inflammatory and neurotrophic markers in healthy older adults. This cross-sectional study included 154 older adults (≥60 years) from Victoria, Australia. Participants were assessed for cognitive performance (Cogstate battery), dietary selenium intake (two 24-h food recalls), plasma selenium concentration, inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1). Dietary selenium intake was adequate for 85% of all participants. The prevalence of selenium deficiency was low; only 8.4% did not have the minimum concentration in plasma required for optimization of iodothyronine 5′ deiodinases activity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that plasma selenium was not associated with cognitive performance, inflammatory markers nor neurotrophic factors, independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), habitual physical activity, APOE status, education, and history of cardiovascular disease. The lack of association might be due to the optimization of selenoproteins synthesis as a result of adequate selenium intake. Future prospective studies are recommended to explore potential associations of selenium status with age-associated cognitive decline.

Selenium deficiency and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.

To investigate the prevalence of maternal selenium deficiency and its effects on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. The present descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled women aged 15-49years with HIV who were at 14-26weeks of a singleton pregnancy and were attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, between August 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017. Participants were selected by consecutive sampling and baseline data were collected through interviews. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure selenium concentrations, and associations between low maternal selenium concentrations (defined as <0.89μmol/L) and pregnancy outcomes were examined using bivariate and multivariate analysis. The final analysis included 113 patients; selenium deficiency was recorded in 23 (20.4%) patients. Women with selenium deficiency had an approximately eight-fold higher risk of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio 7.61, 95% confidence interval 4.37-18.89; P=0.031) and of delivering a term neonate with a low delivery weight (adjusted odds ratio 8.11, 95% confidence interval 3.27-17.22; P=0.012), compared with women with a normal selenium concentration. The prevalence of selenium deficiency among pregnant women with HIV in Lagos was relatively high. The significant associations observed between maternal selenium deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes could have implications for the future management of HIV in pregnancy.

Rationale and Design for the Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) Registry

Background: Nigeria probably has the highest burden of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the world. The primary objective is to describe the burden, ventricular remodelling and outcomes (rehospitalisation rate, cardio-embolic events and survival) of PPCM in Nigeria. In the sub-studies, we aim to describe the relationship between selenium deficiency, oxidative stress and PPCM, the impact of sodium selenite supplementation on cardiac function in PPCM, and the prevalence of selenium deficiency and its relationship with cardiac function in apparently healthy pregnant women.Methods: The main Registry and the first sub-study are prospective longitudinal studies, while the second sub-study is an open-label randomised trial. 36 study centres across Nigeria have been registered and 10 of them are already recruiting subjects. Patients will be recruited from June to December 2017 and followed up till December 2018. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase will be assayed at recruitment for consecutive PPCM patients with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;45% at 6 months postpartum. 200 subjects with selenium deficiency will be randomised into treatment (Selenium Selenite 200µg tablets daily for 3 months) and control arms. In the second sub-study, 120 apparently healthy pregnant women will be recruited at 28-38 weeks of gestation and reviewed at 6-8 weeks postpartum, and their serum selenium and GPO levels will be measured at recruitment.Conclusion: This will be the largest systematic evaluation of PPCM in Nigeria, and it is hoped that the information will assist in developing locally applicable treatment guidelines and policies for the disease.

Plasma Selenium Protein P Isoform 1 (SEPP1): A Predictor of Selenium Status in Nepalese Children Detected by Plasma Proteomics.

Selenium deficiency or excess may have public health consequences, yet selenium status is infrequently characterized in populations, perhaps due to challenges in methodology. We are seeking to identify plasma proteins, using proteomics discovery and validation approaches, to serve as proxies for micronutrient status, including selenium, which may in the future be more readily assessed by robust, affordable field methods. In a sample of rural Nepalese children 6 - 8 years old (n = 500), the prevalence of selenium deficiency was 13.6 and 60.9 % at plasma selenium concentrations < 0.60 and < 0.89 µmol/L, respectively, assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Relative abundance of selenoprotein P isoform 1 (SEPP1), glutathione reductase-3, and apolipoprotein A2 from discovery-based experiments was correlated with plasma selenium with a false discovery rate < 10 % (i. e., q < 0.10), all with p < 0.001. In linear mixed effects regression models to predict plasma selenium, only SEPP1 was significant (R2 = 0.63), estimating 8.2 % (95 % CI: 3.9 - 12.6) and 65.5(61.4 - 69.7)% of the in-sample population as deficient at each respective cut-off. Targeted quantification of SEPP1 in a preliminary series of specimens (n = 19) as a validation of the discovery approach revealed a high correlation with plasma selenium (r = 0.757, p = 0.0002). Plasma proteomics can identify valid plasma protein indicators of micronutrient status, as shown with selenium, comprising a step toward making population assessment of selenium status in vulnerable groups more accessible.

Serum Selenium Levels and Nutritional Status of School Children from an HIV Prevention Programme in Zimbabwe

Nutrition programmes in resource poor settings mainly focus on children under the age of five years and this has resulted in limited information on nutritional and micronutrient status of school children in areas with high burden of HIV infection. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with stunting, thinness, overweight, underweight and selenium deficiency in school aged children from a high HIV burden peri-urban area in Zimbabwe, a low income country. Seven to 10 year old children from a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV cohort had their serum selenium levels determined by mass spectrometry in a cross-sectional study. Height, weight, mid-upper-arm and head circumferences were measured to determine the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight and wasting. WHO growth standards were used to define the children's nutritional status. A total of 318 children including 21 (7%) HIV infected were assessed. The prevalence of stunting, thinness and underweight was 12%, 4% and 8% respectively. The prevalence of Selenium deficiency (serum Selenium <0.89 μmol/L) was 48% and it was found to be high in all the children despite their HIV status. Stunting was associated with HIV infection and orphan hood. There was no difference in height or weight between the HIV uninfected (exposed and unexposed) children who were in comparison both taller and heavier than the HIV infected children. Chronic malnutrition and selenium deficiency were prevalent in this cohort of children. Further studies are recommended to guide the need for selenium supplementation. Setting up health programmes to identify malnutrition in school aged children should be a priority.

Selenium is inversely associated with interleukin-6 in the elderly.

Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant property. Decreased serum selenium concentration with aging had been found in previous report. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between serum selenium and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in the elderly living in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. A total of 336 subjects aged 65 years and older (range of age: 65 - 101 years) were recruited from eight long-term care facilities in 2002-2003. Baseline characteristics, anthropometric indices, and biochemical data were obtained. Selenium deficiency was defined as serum selenium concentration < 80 μg/L. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between selenium deficiency and interleukin-6 (divided into quartiles). The prevalence of selenium deficiency was 35.6% in men and 43.2% in women, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis, interleukin-6 quartiles were significantly associated with selenium deficiency. Compared to the interleukin-6 quartile I, the adjusted odds ratios of having selenium deficiency for interleukin-6 quartile II, III, IV were 1.00(0.50~2.01), 1.24 (0.62~2.50), and 2.35(1.15~4.83), respectively. The increasing odds ratios for selenium deficiency in higher interleukin-6 quartiles revealed dose-response effects (p < 0.05). Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum selenium was significantly inversely associated with interleukin-6 after adjusting for potential confounders. Serum selenium was inversely associated with inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 among elderly living in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. Monitoring serum selenium should be considered in these institutionalized elderly.

Prevalence of selenium deficiency in Thai HIV-infected children without severe HIV symptoms

Prevalence of selenium deficiency in Thai HIV-infected children without severe HIV symptoms

Selenium deficiency as a consequence of human activity and its correction

Problems of sustainable development in connection with the change of biogeochemical cycle of selenium and overcoming its deficiency in Russia, Serbia, Belarus and other countries are reported. The history of the biological role of selenium as an essential trace element is discussed. A special program of «Overcoming of selenium deficiency» has been developed by researches of Russia, Serbia and Belarus in view of high morbidity rates for cardiovascular, tumor and endemic diseases affecting the population of both the above and some other countries, including children, prevalence of selenium deficiency among livestock species and aggravation of the environmental situation as a result of man-made processes.

Should we routinely test for serum selenium levels in post-bariatric surgery patients?

Selenium is an essential mineral that plays an important role in the function of the immune system, protection against cancer, male fertility, and cardiovascular system. Selenium deficiency has been linked to cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, muscle wasting, impaired immunity, low thyroid function, progressive encephalopathy, and skin problems. Very few data are available on the prevalence of selenium deficiency in postbariatric surgery patients. Although the accepted lower limit of normal for serum selenium is .9 μmol/L, evidence is strong that symptoms related to selenium deficiency may only appear when serum levels decrease to <.3 μmol/L.