Prevalence Of Sedentary Lifestyle Research Articles

Sedentary Lifestyle as a Leading cause of Some Diseases and Disability

The prevalence of inactive lifestyles has increased, leading to detrimental effects on health. Sedentary behavior refers to any action that involves extended periods of sitting, reclining, or lying down and requires minimal energy expenditure. Insufficient physical activity is prevalent among one-third of the global population aged 15 years and older, leading to adverse health effects. Nevertheless, there is a lack of awareness regarding the health hazards associated with sedentary behaviors. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles is expanding globally due to limited opportunities for physical activity, the rise in sedentary work environments including office jobs, and the growing prevalence of television and video devices. As a result, the related health issues are increasing. Sedentary behaviors have a broad range of negative effects on the human body, including an increased risk of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. They also increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders like arthralgia and osteoporosis, as well as depression and cognitive impairment. Therefore, minimizing sedentary behaviors and boosting physical exercise are both vital to promote public health.

Effects of Perceived Stress with Musculoskeletal Pain in Hong Kong

Abstract Objective: Previous psychological research has been made on the role of perceived stress on musculoskeletal pain among adolescents and people working in different job sectors. However, no research has been made on this subject toward the Chinese population and especially the Hong Kong population. Hence, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effects and relationship between perceived stress and musculoskeletal pain and identify the statistical reasoning results of the research through looking into the specific situation in Hong Kong. Methods: In this research, data from Perceived Stress Scale-14 and a self-made pain questionnaire on perceived stress and musculoskeletal pain were collected from the patients of a registered chiropractor in Hong Kong to provide an in-depth study of how musculoskeletal pain correlated with perceived stress and how an individual's mental health would further be affected by both subjects among the Hong Kong population. Results: The findings of the research indicated that perceived stress is correlated with a combination of rather than one type of musculoskeletal pain and there is a significant correlation between one's posture, musculoskeletal pain, and psychological distress. In addition, in terms of the situation in Hong Kong; the working lifestyle and the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle may act as a risk factor on the results related to one's posture being correlated to musculoskeletal pain and perceived stress. Conclusion: It is hoped that this research could enlighten people working in the clinical psychology and chiropractor industries in Hong Kong on the subject of perceived stress and musculoskeletal pain and inform psychology researchers from other countries the situation regarding bodily pain and perceived stress in Hong Kong.

Evaluation of the force applied by the adductor muscles in a healthy student population performing an adduction task

Abstract Background The adduction and abduction movement (closing and open the legs) are important tasks in daily activities. The evaluation and monitor of the force exerted by the adductor muscles can be used as a rehabilitation progress indicator, particularly in people with injuries in the central nervous system or motor neurons. The development of biomechanical devices to quantify and identify patterns in this type of force with healthy people can be a contribution in this domain. This work, approved by the Ethical Committee of IPC, aims to evaluate the force applied by the adductor muscles from a healthy group of students, performing the closing legs task. Methods The study was carried out at Applied Biomechanics Laboratory of IPC, with a group of 32 healthy volunteers from the student community (19-26 yo), half men - half women, without lower limb injuries, 59,38% with a prevalence of sedentary lifestyle. Volunteers, sitting in a comfortable position, press a biomechanical device placed between the legs. The time-force was registered for four discrete open-leg positions. Results The maximum mean forces were 199N in women and 257N in men, both in the shorter range of the open-leg position. The peak of force decreases with open leg distance for both genders and was achieved between 34%–54% of the performance time ([3, 28] seconds). Moderate correlations were identified between forces applied and skeletal muscles and resting metabolism. Conclusion The time-force applied was identified and registered with a developed biomechanical device. Obtained values are reliable and can be a support for future investigations.

7500 steps per day is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in rural residents with a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Sedentary lifestyle is one of the modifiable risk factors that account for the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the rural areas.1,2 Daily step counting, using wearable devices, is increasingly used to monitor physical activity levels in interventions targeting CVD risk reduction in the rural areas.3,4 However, there is a lack of evidence to support a daily step count threshold that may reduce CVD risk among rural residents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between daily step count cut-points and CVD risk. Methods This secondary analysis included 312 adults living in the rural areas in the southern United States. Daily step counts from pedometers were collected for 14 consecutive days. Established cut-points were used to categorize participants into groups based on mean daily step count as sedentary (≤ 5000 steps/day), less active (5000 -7499 steps/per), and physically active (≥7500 steps/day).5-7 CVD risk was measured with the Framingham risk score. Generalized additive models were used to examine differences among the 3 activity groups in Framingham risk score, controlling for educational level, perceived physical health status, depressive, marital status, and years of residence in a rural county. Results Among the participants (75% female, mean age 50.1 (±13.6) years), 40.7% were sedentary, 35.2% were less active, and 24.0% were physically active. The average Framingham risk score was 11.2% (±9.4%). Framingham risk scores were 1.7% lower in the less active compared to the sedentary group, but the effect was not significant (p < .11), and 2.6% lower in the physically active compared to the sedentary group (p < .04). The model accounted for 22% of the variation in Framingham risk scores. Conclusion These findings indicate that rural residents who averaged 7500 steps or more per day had lower CVD risk, and the difference is clinically significant.

Significance of physical activity on the clinical course of bronchial asthma: a literature review

This article contains a literature review of the results of experimental and clinical studies of the influence of physical exercise on the clinical course of bronchial asthma (BA) and presents the pathophysiological mechanisms of this influence. A high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle among patients with BA, its cause, and consequences are considered. Some studies have shown that patients with BA more rarely perform physical activity, and their physical exercises are less intensive and/or take shorter time. Effects of different variants of physical exercise on patients with BA are also discussed. Regular aerobic and mixed exercises of moderate intensity reliably lead to an improvement of the quality of life, reduction of exacerbations, use of inhalators on demand, nocturnal symptoms, and sleep; to a reduction of the hyperresponsiveness of the bronchi, eosinophil count in the sputum, levels of interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic factor-1; and to an increase in the level of interleukin-10. SOCS-JAK-STAT plays a role in the mechanism underlying the influence of aerobic exercises on inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness of the airways by decreasing the expression of Th2 cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, NF-kB, and P2X7 receptors by the epithelium of the airways and by an increase in interleukin-10 level.
 Conclusion. Data available in the literature are obtained on small cohorts of foreign patients. Clinical data devoted to the influence of aerobic exercises on control of BA and parameters of the respiratory functions are contradictory. Further investigations are required in this field.

2020, um problema de saúde em escala global: uma historiografia sobre a pandemia de CoViD-19 e aspectos relacionados à prática de atividade física

Introdução: No início de janeiro de 2020, surgiram notícias difusas a respeito de uma nova doença, que logo se transformou em pandemia.Objetivo: Examinar o desenrolar histórico desse agravo à saúde e identificar possíveis efeitos sobre a prática de atividade física.Métodos: Foi feita busca nos termos “CoViD-19 or SARS-Cov2 or coronavirus” “WHO” “2020” compuseram o estudo artigos científicos, recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e notícias de jornais.Resultados e Discussão: Os primeiros meses do ano configuraram-se em um período de grande apreensão, face ao enfrentamento da nova, e potencialmente mortal, doença. Com o desenvolvimento do conhecimento clínico e experimental, os mecanismos da doença foram sendo desvendados e as formas de tratar/prevenir a CoViD-19 foram sendo estabelecidas. Recomendações da OMS quanto ao uso de máscaras de proteção durante a prática de atividade física foram identificadas.Conclusão: As consequências da pandemia atingiram todos os setores da vida humana, afetando a produtividade. É provável que a prevalência de sedentarismo tenha aumentado em todas as partes do globo, porém, os impactos sobre a prática de atividade física, cujos benefícios à saúde são bem estabelecidos na literatura, ainda não foram examinados.

REPRINT OF: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys: I. State-Specific Prevalence Estimates of Behavioral Risk Factors

Editor's Note: This article is a reprint of a previously published article. For citation purposes, please use the original publication details: Marks JS, Hogelin GC, Gentry EM, et al. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys: I. State-specific prevalence estimates of behavioral risk factors. Am J Prev Med. 1985;1(6):1-8. The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors varies substantially among states. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking ranges from 22 percent to 38 percent. Estimates of alcohol use show geographic clustering, with lower rates in the southeastern states. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled hypertension, overweight, and seatbelt use differs markedly among states. These findings represent an initial step toward the analysis of state-specific baseline risk-factor data for use in developing state programs aimed at reducing the leading causes of death in the United States.

Prevalência de sedentarismo em adultos obesos e sobrepesados

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de sedentarismo em adultos com sobrepeso e obesidade e os fatores associados. Metodologia: Estudo piloto, descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Realizado com adultos, de ambos os sexos e idade entre 18 e 50 anos, residentes em um município no noroeste do Paraná. A amostra por conveniência contou com 50 participantes que foram submetidos a avaliação de medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura e circunferência de cintura para determinar quais atendiam aos critérios de inclusão: estar com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Os 50 indivíduos foram classificados conforme o resultado do cálculo do IMC, e 34 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão sendo convidados a responder o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Resultados: Este estudo apresentou prevalência de sedentarismo em 58,8% dos adultos sobrepesados e obesos, identificou como comportamentos sedentários mais comuns nesta população o uso de computadores e televisores, e demonstrou correlação positiva entre o sexo feminino e o sedentarismo neste público alvo. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes apresentou comportamento sedentário, sendo mais frequente entre as mulheres.

An overview of cycling as active transportation and as benefit for health.

Active transportation is defined as travelling on foot, by bicycle or other non-motorized means, sometimes in combination with other forms of public transportation, in contrast with the use of motor vehicles. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity is a growing epidemic in most developed countries that spread over the last three decades; active transportation may be a promising approach to increase physical activity and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases improving cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health. The health benefits of physical activity in reducing mortality and morbidity have been proved by several publications. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved by regular physical activity with an amelioration of insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile, body composition, inflammation, and blood pressure. Active transportation as a daily physical activity is less expensive compared to motor vehicle use. The advantages are remarkable in terms of contrasting obesity and sedentary lifestyle, decrease motor traffic congestion and mitigate climate change. Massive investments in policies and interventions aimed to increase active transportation are not generally promoted and there are differences in the prevalence of active transportation in the daily routine among different areas. As in the literature several studies as randomized trials or observational studies have been published, with different end-points, in order to investigate if active commuting may be the right answer to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health, we aimed to review the available evidences of cycling as an active transportation and to consider its benefits on health.

Retrospective Observational Study to Observe Clinical Effectiveness of Add-on Canagliflozin 100 mg in Indian Type 2 Diabetes Patients with BMI>25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, in Real World Clinical Setting- A Specialized Population of Group A/B Officers Employees of

With the changing life style in the recent decade risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes has increased globally. World Health Organization (WHO) projections show that NCDs will be responsible for a significantly increased number of deaths in the next decade, especially in urban sedentary population. We planned to assess GROUP A/B OFFICERS EMPLOYEES OF FINANCIAL AND PUBLIC SECTORS (nationalized banks, insurance sector, government and semi-government PCUS), as they belong to special workgroup who predominantly have sedentary life style [1]. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle among bankers is high and as it kills some 5.3 million people every year, according to the WHO, and with the increase and aging of the population, these lifestyles will become increasingly more common in low- and middle-income countries like India. Lifestyles with little or no physical activity are the leading cause of obesity, and one of the main risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to the International labor organization (ILO), people who engage in little physical activity run a 20% or 30% greater risk of dying from above causes. [2] Sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGLT) type2 inhibitors, constituting the most recently available oral glucose-lowering drug category, exert their effect by increasing urinary glucose excretion. Optimal prescribing of agents within this category requires a full understanding of their risks in addition to their benefits. Besides improving glycaemia control, weight and blood pressure some members of this class provide beneficial cardiovascular and Reno protective Effects. [7, 13] So the present retrospective observational study was aimed to observe clinical effectiveness of add-on Canagliflozin 100 mg in high risk sedentary population i.e. uncontrolled Indian Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Type2DM) Patients with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, includes group A/B officer employees of financial and public sectors who were already on other hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive and lipid lowering agents. These data were analyzed over a period of 12 months (1 stJune2017-30may 2018) among above-said employees of various sectors in Jaipur. After Ethical clearances from institutional ethical committee, a total of 113 Type2DM participants were included at baseline, 13 were excluded from study and their annual health data's subsequently analyzed after add-on Canagliflozin 100 mg pre breakfast, with earlier pharmacological management with no dose adjustment during the entire period of study. Significant reduction glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was noted in, as we observed the target HbA1c near normal (p-<0.0001). Significant weight reduction was found in two sub-groups in our study (p< 0.0001). Significant reduction of Triglyceride was noted in all study groups (p-<0.0001), but same trend was not observed in LDL, HDL and TC, although reduction was definitely noted.

Clinical validation of factors associated with sedentary lifestyle in adolescents

Objective: to validate clinically the factors associated with nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle in adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study, developed with 158 adolescent students. The chi-square test was used to identify the association between the presence of sedentary lifestyle and associated factors. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was 68.3%. The presence of associated factors such as poor knowledge about the benefits that physical activity brings to health and/or the consequences of physical inactivity, lack of resources for the practice of physical exercise, insufficient training to exercise and intolerance to activity increased the likelihood of presence of sedentary lifestyle (p<0.05). Conclusion: the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle was prevalent among adolescents and there are specific factors that intensify the probability of developing this diagnosis.

Investigating the Determinants of Physical Activity in Students in Order to Prevent Diabetes based on Planned Behavior Theory

Background and objective: diabetes is the most common endocrine glands disease. Among the factors contributing to increased incidence of diabetes in adolescents is lack of physical activity. Various studies indicate prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in children and adolescents. Therefore, in this research the factors affecting performing physical activity have been examined with the aim of preventing diabetes using the planned behavior theory in girl students in Mashhad in 2018.Method: in this cross-sectional study, 185 girl students were chosen through random multistage sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisting of four sections including demographics, awareness about diabetes, the constructs of planned behavior theory about physical activity, and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Data analysis was performed with the help of SPSS 16, through Pearson correlation coefficient and generalized linear model (GLM).Results: the mean age of the students was 11.51±0.76 years. The mean scores of different components were as follows: awareness (4.85±1.49), attitude (35.84±3.56), mental norms (21.96±4.53), controlling perceived behavior (15.02±2.65), and behavioral intention (15.21±2.50). There was a significant relationship between the intention of performing physical activity and attitude (P

Nutrition and exercise patterns in survivors of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (EGEJ) cancers.

89 Background: While obesity is a risk factor for EGEJ, malnutrition is common at diagnosis (dx) and can be exacerbated by neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and esophagectomy. Little is known regarding nutrition and exercise patterns of EGEJ cancer survivors. Methods: A survey of EGEJ survivors &gt; 12 months from esophagectomy was conducted. Pts were identified using institutional tumor registry. The Dillman mailed survey method was used. Questionnaires regarding health behaviors were employed: Godin Leisure-Time Exercise [GLTQ], Cancer Appetite and Symptom [CASQ], Nutritional Self-Efficacy (NSEQ). Chart review included demographics, pt characteristics and therapy received. Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon and Fisher’s tests assessed relationships between groups or variables. Results: Forty one of 140 eligible pts (29%) returned questionnaires and had surgery between 1991-2014. Median age was 69 and 78% were male. Most (83%) had adenocarcinoma. On presentation, 73% had clinical stage II or III disease and 76% received NAT. Median time from dx was 5 years (range 2-25). Mean weight loss from dx to current was 38 lbs. Mean BMI (kg/m2) was 29.52 at dx and 24.15 at most recent clinic visit. Obesity was present in 37% of pts at dx, but only 7% of survivors. Mean health behavior scores (SD): GLTQ 22.10 (22.93), CASQ 31.74 (6.66), and NSEQ 11.39 (4.03). Age, marital status, gender, education, and income were not associated with GLTQ, CASQ or NSEQ. Sedentary lifestyle (SL) with GTLQ score &lt; 14 was present in 46% of survivors and associated with overweight BMI (mean 26.7 for SL vs 23.7 for non-SL; p = 0.04). There was a significant positive correlation between current BMI and NSEQ score (r = 0.68; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Many EGEJ cancer pts present with obesity but subsequently lose weight after curative therapy. The mean CASQ score in our population is similar to other GI cancer populations, suggesting that residual symptoms persist years after treatment ends. There is a high prevalence of SL in survivors which is associated with being overweight. Higher levels of nutrition self-efficacy were also associated with a higher current BMI. Future studies should define strategies to optimize nutrition and exercise habits in EGEJ cancer survivors.

Perfil epidemiológico do diabetes mellitus na região nordeste do Brasil

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa na qual se procura verificar a epidemiologia do Diabetes Mellitus na região Nordeste do Brasil. Estudo epidemiológico descritivo e retrospectivo de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se dados secundários por meio do Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos (HIPERDIA), disponibilizados pelo DATASUS. Analisou-se a epidemiologia do Diabetes Mellitus na região Nordeste do Brasil no ano de 2012. Foram registrados 9.305 casos, predominando a forma diabética tipo II 72,90%. O estado da Bahia apresentou a maior quantidade de casos para ambas as formas patológicas 31,50% e o menor número em Sergipe 2,80%. Verificou-se maior percentual no sexo feminino tanto no tipo I 59,45%, como no tipo II 61,40%. Houve predominância de casos na faixa etária de 40-59 anos. Houve maior prevalência de sedentarismo, em relação ao tabagismo e sobrepeso. Entre as complicações analisadas, o pé diabético, o acidente vascular cerebral e a doença renal foram mais incidentes.

Estilo de vida e atividade física em área de vulnerabilidade social

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as prevalências de indivíduos sedentários e fisicamente ativos e suas associações com aspectos sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida em uma área de vulnerabilidade social da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de estudo transversal quantitativo, com dados coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário fechado nos domicílios. Foram visitados 2416 domicílios, e o estudo contou com uma amostra de 5155 participantes. A prevalência de comportamento sedentário foi de 68%, e aumentava conforme a faixa etária. A múltipla regressão logística identificou quatro principais fatores preditivos do comportamento sedentário: sexo feminino (OR:1,26, P=0,002), consumo de carne (OR:1,28, P=0,003), não consumir frutas, verduras e legumes (OR:1,24, P=0,009) e analfabetismo (OR:1,33, P=0,025). A prevalência de sedentarismo foi alta e esteve associada à idade, sexo feminino, analfabetismo, tabagismo, consumo de carnes e baixo consumo regular de frutas, verduras e legumes.

Abstract P031: Mediation Effect of Abdominal Adiposity Between Sedentary Lifestyle and Blood Pressure in General Population From a Middle-income Country

Background: Hypertension is a highly prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Middle-income countries have experienced accelerated urbanization resulting in a growing prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (SL) behavior and a trend toward obesity that might explain population-level changes in blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate the association of SL and adiposity on BP. Methods: We analyzed data from two surveys conducted on representative samples (15-64 years old) from Santander (Colombia) in 2010 (n=2,419) and 2015 (n=2,158) following the WHO STEPwise approach to assess risk factors for CVD. Physical activity was measured using the GPAQ questionnaire and SL was defined as the lowest level of activity according to the WHO criteria. We measured waist circumference (WC [cm]) and calculated body mass index (BMI [kg/m 2 ]) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as indexes of adiposity. BP was measured using an Omron® automatic monitor in sitting position (average of two measurements). Associations were estimated, incorporating post-stratification weights, using censored normal multiple regression (accounting for antihypertensive therapy) and mediation approached by Baron’s criteria. Results: Mean systolic/diastolic (S/DBP) were 119.2 (95%CI: 118.7-119.7) / 73.7 (95%CI: 73.4-74.1) mmHg and 1 out 6 participants were hypertensive (2015/2010 prevalence ratio=1.02, p&gt;0.050). BMI, WC and WHR were positively and significantly correlated with systolic (r=0.16, r=0.39, and r=0.41) and diastolic BP (r=0.18, r=0.38, and r=0.33). Sedentary as compare to active participants had higher age- and sex-adjusted WC (1.1 cm, p=0.008) and WHR (0.01 units, p&lt;0.001). SL prevalence was 62.0% (95%CI: 59.8-64.1) and changed across tertiles of SBP (66.4%, 60.3%, and 59.6%) and DBP (59.3%, 63.1%, and 63.1%); however, SL was only associated to higher DBP after adjustment by age, sex, and area of residency (0.8 mmHg, p=0.036). Further inclusion of BMI, WC, or WHR attenuated the strength of the association in 16.7%, 42.3%, and 61.7%, respectively. There was no survey-by-sedentary lifestyle interaction. Conclusion: SL is highly prevalent in a middle income country such as Colombia. We confirmed the association of this behavioral risk factor and DBP but not SBP. Furthermore, the attenuation of such relationship by anthropometric indexes, particularly of abdominal obesity, suggests a mediation effect of adiposity that must be validated in longitudinal studies.

Sedentary lifestyle and its associated factors among adolescents from public and private schools of a Brazilian state capital.

BackgroundAdolescence is a transition stage between childhood and adulthood and is an important phase for the acquisition of future lifestyles, including the practice of physical activity (PA). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in adolescents is often high, creating the need for studies addressing the practice of PA and its associated factors for a better understanding of the phenomenon and possible interventions that would encourage positive changes.MethodsCross-sectional study of a representative sample of students aged 14–18 years enrolled in both public and private schools of a large Brazilian city to determine the level of physical activity (PA) and its associated factors. Sedentary lifestyle was measured by applying the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables were gender, age, race, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure. The crude prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association and was estimated from a Poisson regression.ResultsThe sample consisted of 862 adolescents with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.1 years. Females were predominant (52.8%), and the age between 14 and 15 years was the most frequent (52.2%). The majority of the group reported themselves as Caucasians (51.2%), belonging to socioeconomic class C (52.5%) and were attending to public schools (69.1%). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was 66.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.5–69.9), where values of 65.4% and 69.9% were observed among students from public and private schools, respectively (p = 0.196). Sedentary lifestyle was more frequent in females (78.0% vs 54.3%; p < 0.001). The factor directly associated with sedentary lifestyle was female gender both in public and private schools and the only independent variable related to sedentarism was also female gender.ConclusionThe prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was extremely high in the population of adolescents studied both in public and private schools. Female sex was directly associated with sedentary lifestyle.

Sedentary Lifestyle and High-Carbohydrate Intake are Associated with Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Post-Menopause: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in post menopausal women, and inflammation is involved in the atherosclerosis process. Purpose to assess whether dietary pattern, metabolic profile, body composition and physical activity are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in postmenopausal women. Methods ninety-five postmenopausal participants, with no evidence of clinical disease, underwent anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal assessments. Usual dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire, habitual physical activity was measured with a digital pedometer, and body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Patients with hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L or using hormone therapy in the last three months before the study were excluded from the analysis. Participants were stratified according to hs-CRP lower or ≥3 mg/L. Sedentary lifestyle was defined as walking fewer than 6 thousand steps a day. Two-tailed Student's t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square (χ(2)) test were used to compare differences between groups. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of variables for high hs-CRP. Results participants with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L had higher body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), triglycerides, glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01 for all variables) than women with hs-CRP <3 mg/L. Also, women with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L had a higher glycemic load diet and lower protein intake. Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.01) was higher in women with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L. After adjustment for age and time since menopause, the odds ratio for hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L was higher for sedentary lifestyle (4.7, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.4-15.5) and carbohydrate intake (2.9, 95%CI 1.1-7.7). Conclusions sedentary lifestyle and high-carbohydrate intake were associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in postmenopause.

Sedentary lifestyle in middle-aged women is associated with greater climacteric symptomatology and more obesity

Background: Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and worsens quality of life (QoL). Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sedentary lifestyle in climacteric symptomatology, QoL, and obesity. Methods: 6079women 40–59 years of age from 11 Latin American countries were studied. Their epidemiologic data and physical activity were recorded and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Athens Insomnia Scale were applied. Sedentary lifestyle was defined as the performance of less than three weekly 30min physical activity sessions. Results: Sedentary women have less years of education, more children, and less stable partners. Compared with active women, those sedentary have more climacteric symptoms (score in the MRS of 9.57±6.71 vs. 8.01±6.27 points, p<0.0001), a higher percentage with severe deterioration of the QoL (16.1% vs 10.6%, p<0.0001), and use less frequently hormone therapy, HT (12.0% vs. 15.4%, p<0.0001). As far as anthropometric indices, sedentary women have greater waist circumference (86.2±12.3 cm vs. 84.3±11.8 cm,p<0.0001)andahigherprevalenceofobesity (20.9% vs. 14.3%, p<0.0001). A logistic regression analysis shows that sedentary lifestyle is independently associated with more obesity (OR 1.52; CI 95%, 1.32–1.76) and more severe menopausal symptoms (OR 1.28; CI 95%, 1.06–1.53). On the contrary, less risk of sedentary lifestyle is associated with having a stable partner (OR: 0.85; CI 95%, 0.76–0.96), use of HT (OR: 0.75; CI 95%, 0.64–0.87) and having a better educational level (OR: 0.66; CI 95%, 0.60–0.74). Conclusion: Our study shows a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in middle-aged women. This is associated with worse QoL due to severe climacteric symptoms and more obesity. Having a stable partner, use of HT, and a higher educational level implies a lesser risk of sedentary lifestyle.

Physical activity of urban middle aged women in different domains: a cross sectional study

Background Knowledge of energy expenditure across various domains of total physical activity is important for the planning of population based strategies for the prevention and control of non communicable diseases (NCDs). Present study describes domain specific energy expenditure among women in 35–70 years of age. Methods We evaluated physical activity in different domains like-leisure time, household, occupational, sedentary activities etc. and daily energy expenditure in these activities. A cross sectional survey was done in the four municipal wards of Jaipur city in Rajasthan. A door to door survey was conducted and women in the age group of 35–70 years were contacted. Information was elicited on age, education, occupation, family type using a questionnaire. Data on physical activity were obtained using previously validated population specific questionnaire. Results Around 501 subjects participated in the study. Mean age was 45.63 ± 9.9 years. Total energy expenditure of the subjects was 1910.34 ± 271.63 kcal per day. Subjects’ expended maximum energy in household chores followed by sleep and sedentary activities, very few reported habit of regular exercise. Mean Physical Activity Level (PAL) of the subjects was 1.41 ± 0.19, which declined with aging. More than two third of the subjects had sedentary lifestyle i.e. PAL < 1.43. Conclusions In this study, subjects had high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle. There is urgent need to emphasize the lifestyle modification to prevent chronic morbidities.