Prevalence Of Sarcopenia In Women Research Articles

Inflammatory profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging; however, individuals with chronic diseases are at risk at the early stages. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sustained chronic inflammation influences muscle deterioration. It may expedite the development of sarcopenia, which has been linked to physical disability, cardiovascular events, disease activity of RA, and premature death. We aimed to compare the inflammatory profiles of patients with RA with and without sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study involved 165 women with RA. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to criteria established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. To assess the inflammatory profile, concentrations of cytokines such as EGF, IL-17, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, TNFβ, and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.8% (95% CI: 8.9-18.2). The median age of patients with sarcopenia was 59.5years (49.8-65.3), compared to 50years (43-59years) p = 0.001. The disease duration was also longer in patients with sarcopenia, 21years (15-30), compared to those without sarcopenia, 13years (7.3-20) p = 0.001. The inflammatory profile differed between patients with and without sarcopenia, revealing that the cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFβ concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with sarcopenia, adjusted for BMI, age, and disease duration. Patients with RA and sarcopenia were older and exhibited longer disease duration and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines compared to those without sarcopenia. These findings suggest potential implications for clinical outcomes. Key Points • The prevalence of sarcopenia in women with rheumatoid arthritis was 15.8% (95% CI, 8.9-18.2). • Levels of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFβ cytokines were significantly higher in women with rheumatoid arthritis and sarcopenia compared with those without sarcopenia, adjusted for BMI, age, and disease duration.

Prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia in community-dwelling people: The Vietnam Osteoporosis Study.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric disease characterized by the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal lean mass and strength with age. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the Vietnamese population is unknown. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia among community-dwelling individuals in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study is part of the ongoing Vietnam Osteoporosis Study project. The study involved 1308 women and 591 men aged 50years and older as at 2015 (study entry). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the appendicular skeletal lean mass. Anthropometric and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between potential risk factors and sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia in women and men was 14% (n=183) and 16% (n=83), respectively. Age (odds ratio [OR] per 10years=1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.48) and being underweight (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.00-2.58) were independently associated with increased risk of sarcopenia. The combination of low physical activity, being underweight and advancing age accounted for ~27% of sarcopenic patients. However, most of the attributable fraction was due to ageing. Sarcopenia is common in community-dwelling Vietnamese adults, particularly those with advancing age, who are underweight and with low physical activity.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in women at stable weight phase after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Evaluating the prevalence of sarcopenia in women submitted to bariatric surgery - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Women (18-65 years old) who underwent bariatric surgery (BG) ≥ 2 years and reached stable weight ≥ 6 months, were investigated. Control group (CG) comprised non-operated matched women with obesity. Body composition was determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low lean mass (LLM) was defined as appendicular lean mass index (ALM kg/height m2) < 5.5 kg/m2. Physical strength was assessed through dynamometer and sit-to-stand test (SST), whereas performance was assessed through 4-m gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery Tests (SPPB). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in the presence of LLM and low strength. One-hundred and twenty women (60 in each group, 50 ± 9.7 years old) were investigated. All anthropometric and body composition parameters were lower in BG than in CG, whereas strength and performance were similar between groups. Women with reduced strength presented high total fat mass and low physical activity level (p < 0.005). LLM was observed in 35% of BG and in 18.3% of CG (p = 0.04), whereas sarcopenia was diagnosed in 28.3% of BG and in 16.6% of CG (p = 0.12). Sarcopenic women in BG had better performance both in SST (p = 0.001) and SPPB (p = 0.004). Total lean mass (OR:1.41, 95% CI [1.18; 1.69], p < 0.001) and obesity (OR: 38.2 [2.27; 644.12], p < 0.001) were associated with sarcopenia in the multivariate analysis. Despite great weight loss, sarcopenia prevalence did not increase in BG and its presence was influenced by total lean mass and obesity.

Central obesity is associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older women, but not in men: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundObesity is a chronic disease that causes various medical health problems, increases morbidity, and reduces the quality of life. Obesity (especially central obesity) in older adults is expected to act with the development of sarcopenia. However, the relationship between obesity, central obesity, and sarcopenia remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on sarcopenia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 1,827 community-dwelling older adults (883 men and 944 women) aged 70–84 years were recruited. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to evaluate sarcopenia. Subjects with a low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; men: < 7.0 kg/m2, women: < 5.4 kg/m2) and either low handgrip strength (HGS; men: < 28 kg, women: < 18 kg) or low Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; ≤ 9) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2, while central obesity was defined as WC measurements of ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of obesity and central obesity on sarcopenia and the parameters of sacropenia.ResultsIn both sexes, the obese group, defined based on the BMI, had a significantly low prevalence of low ASMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.10–0.20 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.12–0.25 in women) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.16–0.50 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.08–0.35 in women) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. In women, the central obese group had a low prevalence of sarcopenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27–0.77) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, the obese group had a significantly higher prevalence of low SPPB in women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18–2.59).ConclusionsObesity may have a protective effect on low ASMI and sarcopenia, as defined by the AWGS criteria. Central obesity was associated with a low prevalence of sarcopenia in women only. However, obesity did not have a positive impact on functional parameters of sarcopenia including muscle strength and physical performance.

Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Breast Cancer.

Sarcopenia is a common finding in patients with cancer and potentially influences the patient’s outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, in a sample of women with breast cancer (BC) and a BMI lower than 30 kg/m2. This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with BC, stage 0-III, and receiving therapy for BC; the women were recruited at the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. A control group with similar age and BMI was selected from the internal database. Anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and hand grip strength (HGS) were measured to detect sarcopenia. A total of 122 patients (mean age 49.3 ± 11.0 years, BMI 24.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) and 80 healthy controls were analyzed. Sarcopenia was found in 13.9% patients with BC, while none of the subjects in the control group was sarcopenic. By comparing BC patients with and without sarcopenia and the control group, the fat-free mass of sarcopenic BC patients were significantly lower than those of both non-sarcopenic BC patients and the control (p < 0.05). The phase angle was also significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (−0.5 degrees, p = 0.048) than in the control group. Considering the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with BC, our findings suggest the usefulness of body composition and HGS evaluation for early screening of sarcopenia to reduce the risk of associated complications.

Lack of significant seasonal association between serum 25(OH)D concentration, muscle mass and strength in postmenopausal women from the D-FINES longitudinal study.

The aim of the present study was to assess the seasonal relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration, lean mass and muscle strength. This was a secondary data analysis of a subgroup of 102 postmenopausal women participating in the 2006-2007 D-FINES (Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England) study. The cohort was assessed as two age subgroups: <65 years (n=80) and ≥65 years (n=22). Outcome measures included lean mass (DXA), muscle strength (handgrip dynamometry) and serum 25(OH)D concentration (enzymeimmunoassay). Derived outcomes included appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and relative appendicular skeletal muscle index (RASM). Sarcopenia status was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2018 criteria. Non-parametric partial correlation using BMI as a covariate was used to evaluate the study aims. There were no statistically significant associations between total lean mass, ASM or RASM and 25(OH)D in any group at any season. There was a trend for handgrip strength to be positively associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration. There was a trend showing a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women ≥65 years. Sarcopenia status appeared transient for five women. In conclusion, the present study found no significant association between vitamin D status and functional indicators of musculoskeletal health, which were additionally not affected by season.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in older women with pelvic floor dysfunction

BackgroundSarcopenia is a determinant of age-related skeletal muscle weakness. In this sense, it is believed that there may be a pathophysiological association between pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and sarcopenia; however, few articles investigating an association between these two pathologies have been published. ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in older women with PFD and verify the association between the severity of PFD and the severity of sarcopenia. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was undertaken in urogynaecology outpatient clinics in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Women with PFD aged ≥ 60 years were included. Women with cognitive impairments, amputations and/or limb fractures were excluded. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and PFD data were evaluated, and tests for measuring muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance were performed. ResultsIn total, 217 women were included in this study; of these, 121 (55.8%) presented without sarcopenia, 71 (32.7%) presented with probable sarcopenia, 23 (10.6%) presented with confirmed sarcopenia, and two (0.9%) presented with severe sarcopenia. Regarding sarcopenia related to PFD, a higher prevalence of probable sarcopenia was observed in women with urinary incontinence (UI) (n = 55, 77.5%). Confirmed sarcopenia was more prevalent in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) (n = 19, 82.6%); among these cases, most women had POP of the anterior, posterior and apical compartments (n = 8, 42.1%). All the women with severe sarcopenia had UI and POP and, considering the specific types of these dysfunctions, the prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 50.0% in the women with UI and POP of the anterior and apical wall. The most severe stages of POP were associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.002). ConclusionThe prevalence of sarcopenia in women with PFD was high. Healthcare providers who assist women with PFD should consider the possibility of assessing sarcopenia, especially when faced with more extensive POP in older women. The evaluation of sarcopenia may play a role in the management of women with PFD.

Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer

High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Osteoporotic Fractures

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in women with osteopenia/osteoporosis with or without fragility fractures. Patients and methods: 112 ambulatory women with osteopenia/osteporosis were included. Body composition was determined by DXA. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) of the total skeleton, total lean mass (LM), appendicular lean mass (ALM) and the index: appendicular lean mass/height² (ALM/h²) were determined. Grip strength and self-selected gait speed were assessed. Results: Average (X ± SD) results were: age 70.9 ± 8.2 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 3.3 kg/h², total skeleton BMD T-Score:-1.7 ± 0.8, total LM 33.3 ± 3.8 kg, ALM 14.4 ±2.1 kg and ALM/h²: 5.86 ± 0.68 kg/h². Walking speed 0.96±0.21m/s and handgrip: 18.8 ± 4.8 kg. The prevalence of sarcopenia was: 24.7% (International Working Group criteria). Values for BMI, LM, ALM, ALM/h², gait speed and hand grip were significantly lower in sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic patients. 29 patients, average age: 70.5 ± 8.0 years had osteoporotic fragility fractures (Fx). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of patients with Fx was 41.4% vs. 19.3% in the non-Fx patients (n=83) (p<0.018). Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia in women with osteopenia/osteoporosis was higher compared to that usually reported in non-selected patients of similar age. Those with bone fractures had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared to the non-fracture patients. The assessment of muscle mass and function in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis is recommended.

Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Korean Woman Based on the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys.

BackgroundThe criteria for defining sarcopenia vary among studies and confusion has arisen when defining the cutoff value. As a result, the prevalence of sarcopenia differs markedly depending on the definition. This study used the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definition to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among Korean women.MethodsThis study was based on data obtained from the 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. We used the AWGS recommended cutoff value of 5.4 kg/m2 to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in Korean women.ResultsThe prevalence rates of sarcopenia using a cutoff value of 5.4 kg/m2 were 385 (19.5%) in women in their 50s, 286 (16.6%) in women in their 60s, 293 (23.7%) in women in their 70s, and 91 (30.8%) in women ≥80 years. The prevalence rates of sarcopenia were 307 (19.0%) in women 65 to 74 years, 194 (27.4%) in women 75 to 84 years, and 32 (40.5%) in women ≥85 years. The overall prevalence among women >50 years was 20.2%. The prevalence of sarcopenia in women >65 years was 22.1%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia among Korean women was within the range of values of previous research about sarcopenia. Furthermore, using 5.4 kg/m2 as the cutoff value was useful to compare various studies about sarcopenia in Koreans.

High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Korean Patients after Hip Fracture: a Case-Control Study.

Sarcopenia-related falls and fractures are increasing worldwide due to the aging population. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate anthropometric characteristics related to hip fracture in Korean patients, 2) investigate sarcopenia prevalence in hip fracture (HF) and non-hip fracture (NF) groups, and 3) investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. This case-control study examined 359 HF and 1,614 NF normal populations using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. We performed whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to analyze body composition using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI: lean mass/height2) and bone mineral density (BMD). In the HF group, using the AWGS definition, the prevalence of sarcopenia in women and men was 44.3% and 68.2%, respectively; in the NF group, it was 7.1% and 16.1%, respectively. Lower appendicular SMI (P < 0.001), leg muscle mass (P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P < 0.001) were observed in the HF group after adjustment for age and gender. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (OR = 6.52; 95% CI = 4.67-9.09), age (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.13-1.17), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.35-2.58) were associated with the occurrence of a hip fracture. This study showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with hip fractures compared with a normal population, and higher prevalence of sarcopenia in men.

Age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function among elderly men and women in Shanghai, China: a cross sectional study.

To investigate the relationship of muscle mass and muscle function with age. The study including 415 participants (aged 60-99 years). Upper (UMM) and lower (LMM) limbs muscle mass and whole body fat free mass (FFM) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index (ASM/height2) was calculated. Muscle function was assessed by measuring hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed. Using ASM index cutoff values we found that higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women than in men (33.5% vs 23.6%, p=0.025). In the upper limb, HGS (β=-0.809) declined more rapidly with age than did UMM (β=-0.592) in men, but not in women (β=-0.389 and β=-0.486 respectively). In the lower limb, gait speed declined more rapidly than LMM in both men (β=-0.683 vs β=-0.442) and women (β=-1.00 vs β=-0.461). The variance of UMM explained 28-29% of the variance of HGS, and LMM explained 7-8% of the variance of gait speed in women and men respectively. In addition to the common predictors (BMI and age), the specific predictors were smoking, exercise and education for FFM and ASM, and smoking, drinking and exercise for HGS (p<0.05). Loss of muscle function is greater than the decline of muscle mass particularly in the upper limbs in men. However, women are more prone to have low muscle mass than the men. Exercise programs need to be designed gender specifically.

Myostatin as a mediator of sarcopenia versus homeostatic regulator of muscle mass: insights using a new mass spectrometry-based assay

BackgroundMyostatin is a protein synthesized and secreted by skeletal muscle that negatively regulates muscle mass. The extent to which circulating myostatin levels change in the context of aging is controversial, largely due to methodological barriers.MethodsWe developed a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure concentrations of myostatin and two of its key inhibitors, follistatin-related gene (FLRG) protein and growth and serum protein-1 (GASP-1) in 80 younger (<40 years), 80 older (>65 years), and 80 sarcopenic older women and men.ResultsOlder women had 34 % higher circulating concentrations of myostatin than younger women. Per unit of lean mass, both older and sarcopenic older women had >23 % higher myostatin levels than younger women. By contrast, younger men had higher myostatin concentrations than older men with and without sarcopenia. Younger men had approximately twofold higher concentrations of myostatin than younger women; however, older women and sarcopenic older women had significantly higher relative myostatin levels than the corresponding groups of men. In both sexes, sarcopenic older subjects had the highest concentrations of FLRG. Circulating concentrations of myostatin exhibited positive, but not robust, correlations with relative muscle mass in both sexes.ConclusionsOur data suggest that myostatin may contribute to the higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women but acts as a homeostatic regulator of muscle mass in men. Moreover, this new LC-MS/MS-based approach offers a means to determine the extent to which myostatin serves as a biomarker of muscle health in diverse conditions of muscle loss and deterioration.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0047-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and Sarcopenia in Korean Females Aged 60 Years and Older Using the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2, 3), 2008–2009

ContextIt has been suggested that elevated serum ferritin is associated with several metabolic disorders. However, there is no reported study assessing any association between serum ferritin and sarcopenia despite the close relationship between sarcopenia and metabolic disorders.ObjectiveWe investigated whether serum ferritin was associated with sarcopenia in older Koreans.Design and SettingWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on data acquired in the second and third years (2008–9) of the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsIn total, 952 men (mean age 69.0 years) and 1,380 women (mean age 69.3 years) aged 60 years and older completed a body composition study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.MeasurementsSerum ferritin levels were measured. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal mass as a percentage of body weight that was less than two standard deviations below the gender-specific mean for young adults.ResultsSerum ferritin levels were lower in women than in men. Women with sarcopenia showed a higher level of serum ferritin than women without sarcopenia (men: without sarcopenia 115.7 ng/mL and with sarcopenia 134.4 ng/mL vs. women: without sarcopenia 70.7 ng/mL and with sarcopenia 85.4 ng/mL). The prevalence of sarcopenia increased as the tertile of serum ferritin increased. However, statistical significance was only seen in elderly women (1st tertile 6.3%, 2nd tertile 8.0%, 3rd tertile 12.0%; p = 0.008). Without adjustment, compared with those in the lowest tertile of serum ferritin level, participants in the highest tertile had an odds ratio of 2.02 (95% confidence interval = 1.26–3.23) for sarcopenia in women. After adjusting for known risk factors, the OR for sarcopenia was 1.74 (95% CI = 1.02–2.97) in women. There was no statistically significant association between sarcopenia and serum ferritin tertiles in men.ConclusionsElevated serum ferritin levels were associated with an increased prevalence of sarcopenia in women but not in men from a representative sample of elderly Koreans.

Prevalence of sarcopenia among healthy ambulatory subjects: the sarcopenia begins from 45 years

Sarcopenia has been indicated as a reliable marker of frailty and poor prognosis among the oldest individuals. There are only few data on sarcopenia in healthy general population. We evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with functional and clinical status in a population of healthy ambulatory subjects over 45years living at home, in Paris (France). This study was conducted selecting all ambulatory participants (n=1,445) aged 45years and older from October 2008 to September 2011, consulting in the Institute of Physiology (Institut de Jaeger) from Paris (France) for a functional and muscular evaluation, and did not have limitations to moderate physical exercise. All were healthy people. All subjects performed a medical examination, associated with evaluation of muscle mass (body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and of muscle function (by hand grip strength). Diagnosis of sarcopenia required the documentation of low muscle mass with low muscle strength according to the current international consensus definition of sarcopenia. From 1,421 participants (553 males and 868 females) definitively enrolled, 221 subjects (135 females and 86 males) (15.5%) were identified as sarcopenic. Results from multivariate logistic regression models showed that sarcopenia was inversely associated with BMI with those participants with BMI higher than 22kg/m(2) showing a lower risk of sarcopenia relative to those with BMI less than 21kg/m(2) (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.60-0.91). Similarly, probability of sarcopenia was lower among subjects involved in leisure physical activities for 3h or more per week (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24-0.93). According to the category of age [45-54; 55-64; 65-74; 75-84 and 85years or more], the prevalence of sarcopenia in women increase from 9.1; 12.7; 14.5; 19.4; to 33.3%, respectively. For the men, the percentage of sarcopenia increase with aging from 8.6; 15.6; 13.6; 63.8 to 45.5%, respectively. The present study suggests that among healthy ambulatory subjects over 45years living at home, sarcopenia is frequent, even to the youngest subjects of the studied population, taking place from 9% from 45years, until 64.3% for the subjects over 85years. Our findings support the hypothesis that muscle mass and function are associated with BMI and physical activity, whatever the age of the subject.

Estrogen replacement prevents ovariectomy‐induced muscle degradation via lowering local IGF‐1 production

The prevalence of sarcopenia in women increases following menopause. Although muscle mass and circulating estrogens are positively correlated, the underlying mechanisms by which estrogen deficiency causes muscle atrophy is poorly understood. The present study examined the role of systemic and local IGF‐I in muscle maintenance of estrogen deficient rats. Eighteen 10‐month old female SD rats (n=6/group) were divided into either a sham operated group (sham) or two ovariectomized (ovx) groups receiving 17β‐estradiol (ovx+E2) or solvent vehicle (sham and ovx). All animals were pair‐fed for five months. Ovarian hormone deficiency did not cause atrophy in gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscle; however when muscle weight was normalized to body weight, the mean GAS value of ovx group was significantly lower than those of sham and E2 groups. Similarly, ovx mean SOL value tended (P&lt;0.094) to be lower compared with other two groups. E2 treatment was able to prevent the ovx‐induced decreases in SOL, and GAS normalized values by 50% and 100%, respectively. Ovx significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased systemic IGF‐I by 38% while local IGF‐I mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in both GAS (29%) and SOL (43%) samples of ovx rats. E2 administration prevented these decreases in IGF‐I levels. Our findings suggest that ovx‐induced elevation of systemic IGF‐I may down‐regulate its local mRNA expressions which in part can explain the loss of muscle mass in ovarian hormone deficiency.Grant Funding Source: Internal Funding

Prevalence of sarcopenia in Japanese women with osteopenia and osteoporosis

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are both significant health burdens among postmenopausal women. This study examined associations between sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in Japanese women and evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia in women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. A total of 2400 Japanese women aged 40-88years underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the whole body, lumbar spine, and total hip. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined according to World Health Organization criteria using bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine or hip. Sarcopenia was defined as a relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI) more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for a young adult reference population, calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) obtained from whole-body DXA divided by height in meters squared (RSMI=ASM/height(2)). Significant and marginal/moderate positive correlations were observed between RSMI and lumbar spine/total hip BMDs (r=0.197 and r=0.274, respectively; p<0.0001 each). The BMDs of the lumbar spine and total hip showed significant moderate negative correlations with age (r=-0.270 and r=-0.375, respectively; p<0.0001 each), but RSMI showed no association with age in this population (r=0.056). When osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined using lumbar spine BMD, prevalences of sarcopenia in subjects with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis were 10.4, 16.8, and 20.4%, respectively. When osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined using total hip BMD, the prevalences of sarcopenia in these subjects were 9.0, 17.8, and 29.7%, respectively. A Chi-square test for independence showed a significant association between sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis (p<0.0001). These results indicate that sarcopenia is significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in Japanese women.