Prevalence Of Root Canal Treatment Research Articles

Prevalence of Root Canal Treatment During Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Five-Year Follow-Up.

Orthodontic and endodontic treatments are commonly studied. It has been advocated that orthodontic treatment can cause an impact on endodontically treated teeth, and root canal therapy (RCT) during orthodontic intervention can cause a halt in treatment, thus prolonging the treatment duration. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of RCT among patients subjected to orthodontic treatment. The present retrospective study was done on 814 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The clinical and radiographic records were assessed for all patients, and evidence of RCT was calculated. The data were obtained about gender, type of teeth involved, and diagnosis of the condition. Out of those 658 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment in the past five years, 89 (13.53%) had undergone RCT, with the mean age being 21.38 years. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between both genders concerning diagnosis. A maximum of 24.7% of cases subjected to RCT were right mandibular first molar, followed by left maxillary first molar, and left mandibular first molar, with a statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05) between both genders concerning the type of tooth involved. A significant rate of prevalence of RCT was observed among the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, mainly involving molars. Males showed more incidence of RCT of teeth among patients subjected to orthodontic treatment. Thus, patients need to be evaluated for RCT before initiating orthodontic treatment.

Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis

Background Previous studies have linked apical periodontitis (AP) to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of AP and root canal treatment (RCT) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). Material and Methods A cross-sectional study, including 28 patients with Crohn´s disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis, was conducted. AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score (PAI). Student’s t test, 2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Results Multivariate logistic regression run with age, gender, number of teeth, number of RFT, periodontal disease and the type of IBD as covariates, taking as dependent variable and outcome “periapical status” (0 = no tooth with RPL; 1 = at least one tooth with RPL), showed that both UC and CD patients had the prevalence apical periodontitis (OR = 1.03; C.I. 95% = 0.25 – 4.31; p = 0.97). The multivariate analysis, including all the above covariates, shows that both in UC and CD patients the prevalence of RCT was similar (OR = 0.76; C.I. 95% = 0.17 – 7.31; p = 0.73). Periapical status was significantly associated with endodontic status (OR = 42.72; C.I. 95% = 3.87 – 472.15; p = 0.002), regardless of IBD type. Conclusions The results of the present study show similar frequency of AP and RFT in both UC and CD patients. The type of IBD does not appear to affect the prevalence of radiographically detectable periapical lesions or the prevalence of root canal treatment. Key words:Apical periodontitis, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, toot canal treatment, ulcerative colitis.

Does tobacco smoking predispose to apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment need? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Controversial findings exist in the literature regarding the association between tobacco smoking and development of apical periodontitis or need for root canal treatment, with some studies reporting an increase in the prevalence of these outcomes in smokers, whilst others reporting no association. To evaluate if there is scientific evidence to support an association between tobacco smoking and a greater prevalence of apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatments. A systematic search was performed using MeSH terms and free terms in the PubMed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cochrane library and Open Gray databases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between smoking and the development or healing of periapical lesion and/or the prevalence of root canal treatment in humans were included. A quality assessment of included studies was performed, and the relevant information and findings were evaluated. A meta-analysis using nine included studies was performed through RevMan software, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE. Fifteen studies were included, of which 10 were classified as low risk of bias, 4 were considered as moderate risk of bias and 1 as high risk of bias. Ten studies reported that smoking was associated with a greater prevalence of periapical periodontitis and/or root canal treatment. Five studies reported no association. Nine studies were included in the pooledmeta-analysis, comprising two subgroups: apical periodontitis and root canal treatment. From these nine studies, eight studies were included in the apical periodontitis subgroup meta-analysis and demonstrated that this condition was significantly more prevalent in smokers when compared to the nonsmokers (odds ratio=2.78[CI: 1.60, 4.85], P<0.001; I2 =79%; no adjusted odds ratio). Three studies were included in the root canal treatment subgroup meta-analysis and demonstrated an increased prevalence in smokers when compared to the nonsmokers (odds ratio=2.73 [CI: 1.06, 2.83], P<0.001; I2 =72%; no adjusted odds ratio). The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that smokers had twice the chance of having apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatment when compared to nonsmokers (odds ratio of 2.42 [CI: 1.59, 3.68], P<0.01; I2 =85%). The GRADE analysis demonstrated moderate certainty of evidence. Several confounding factors were identified such as misinformation regarding the period of time subjects had smoked, as well as the frequency of smoking and the number of cigarettes consumed. No adjustment in odds ratio data for confounding was performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that tobacco smokers have an increased prevalence of periapical periodontitis and root canal treatments with moderate certainty of evidence.

Root Canal Treatment and Apical Periodontitis in a Brazilian Population with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Paired Study

IntroductionThis study radiographically analyzed the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) and apical periodontitis (AP) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nondiabetic individuals and its association with the history/current status of T1DM. MethodsIn a cross-sectional paired study, the radiographic records of 50 individuals with T1DM and 100 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects were examined. The presence of RCT and AP was evaluated. Information regarding the history and current status of T1DM was collected from the medical records of each patient. ResultsOne or more RCTs were found in 76% and 44% of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, respectively (P = .000). AP in 1 or more teeth was found in most T1DM patients (58%) and in 15% of the control subjects (P = .000). One or more RCTs associated with AP were found in 52% and 8% of T1DM and nondiabetic subjects, respectively (P = .000). Bivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that RCT (odds ratio [OR] = 10.435, P = .000), AP (OR = 3.508, P = .011), and RCT + AP (OR = 7.220, P = .000) were significantly associated with the presence of T1DM. Multivariate logistic regression showed that among T1DM individuals, there is an association between 11–15 years of diagnosis time and at least 1 RCT (OR = 46.316, P = .038) and an association between T1DM control and at least 1 tooth with AP (OR = 15.611, P = .016). ConclusionsRCT, AP, and RCT with AP were more prevalent in individuals with T1DM than in nondiabetic individuals. RCT and AP were associated with the presence of T1DM, specifically RCT with diagnostic time and AP with glycemic control.

Prevalence of Root Canal Treatment in First Molars among Children in Chennai - An Institutional Retrospective Study

Prevalence of Root Canal Treatment in First Molars among Children in Chennai - An Institutional Retrospective Study

Endodontics and diabetes: association versus causation.

Endodontic Medicine has gained more attention and is becoming a more important issue in Endodontics. As an example, more than one hundred articles on this topic have been published in the last eight years. Several of these studies have found an association between endodontic variables, that is the prevalence of apical periodontitis, the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) and the outcome of RCT assessed as root filled teeth (RFT) with radiolucent periapical lesions (RPL) or non-retained RFT, and several systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking habits, osteoporosis, inherited coagulopaties, biological medications, low birth weight or physical fitness. However, the demonstration of association does not prove by itself the existence of a cause-effect relationship. Two variables can be related statistically to each other without either variable directly affecting the values of the other thus resulting in a non-causal relationship. Causality is assumed when one variable is shown to contribute to the development of the other, and its removal is shown to reduce the frequency of disease. Therefore, once a significant statistical association has been found between two variables, it is necessary to exclude the presence of bias, which would imply that the association is artefactual, and to analyse if the causation criteria defined by Hill (Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1965; 58: 295-300) are fulfilled to establish a causal relationship. Only if they are satisfied, can it be concluded that the association is causal. The aim of this study was to analyse the difference between association and causation, applying the criteria of causality to the specific case of the association between endodontic disease and diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of endodontic treatment in three specialized private clinics in Baghdad (retrospective study)

To evaluate the prevalence of root canal treatment in a three specialized privateclinics in Baghdad and to determine the reasons for carrying out root canal treatment.A total number of 593 case sheets of patients were selected irrespective of theirage, gender, type of tooth treated and cause of endodontic treatment. The data werecategorized as follows: the total number of maxillary and mandibular teeth; thenumber of each individual tooth group treated; the number of teeth treated in each agegroup (8-25, 26-49, 50-67 years); the total number of treatments performed in malesand females patients as well as the causative factor for endodontic treatment.The maxillary teeth showed higher percentage (55.986%) of root canal treatmentthan mandibular teeth (44.013%), while mandibular molars show higher percentage(23.102%) in the treated cases than other teeth groups. The highest incidence of rootcanal treatment was found in the age group twenty-six to forty-nine (49.915%). Thefemale patients were more frequent (67.116%) than male patients. The dental carieswas the most causative factor.The sequel of dental caries was responsible for the majority of the treated cases inwhich the female patients and maxillary teeth were more frequent.

Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases.

The prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in Europe has been reported to affect 61% of individuals and 14% of teeth, and increase with age. Likewise, the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) in Europe is estimated to be around 30-50% of individuals and 2-9% of teeth with radiographic evidence of chronic persistent AP in 30-65% of root filled teeth (RFT). AP is not only a local phenomenon and for some time the medical and dental scientific community have analysed the possible connection between apical periodontits and systemic health. Endodontic medicine has developed, with increasing numbers of reports describing the association between periapical inflammation and systemic diseases. The results of studies carried out both in animal models and humans are not conclusive, but suggest an association between endodontic variables, that is AP and RCT, and diabetes mellitus (DM), tobacco smoking, coronary heart disease and other systemic diseases. Several studies have reported a higher prevalence of periapical lesions, delayed periapical repair, greater size of osteolityc lesions, greater likelihood of asymptomatic infections and poorer prognosis for RFT in diabetic patients. On the other hand, recent studies have found that a poorer periapical status correlates with higher HbA1c levels and poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting a causal effect of periapical inflammation on diabetes metabolic control. The possible association between smoking habits and endodontic infection has also been investigated, with controversial results. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the association between endodontic variables and systemic health (especially DM and smoking habits).

A Retrospective Study of the Pattern and Treatment of Traumatic Dental Injury to Primary and Permanent Teeth

(940 traumatic teeth) were analyzed. The prevalence rate of dental trauma was twofold higher in males versus females. The principal cause of injury, among all participants, was falling (36.5%). The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (66.9%). Subluxation (43.9%) represented the most common trauma for primary teeth, and uncomplicated crown fracture in permanent teeth (30.9%). Only 10% of patients visited the dental clinic within 1 hour of sustaining trauma. The principal treatment provided for primary teeth, during the initial clinical visit, was follow-up (53.2%); for permanent teeth it was root canal treatment (27.3%). The prevalence of root canal treatment for permanent teeth increased commensurate with the time elapsed since injury. These data suggest that delayed checkup following trauma may increase the risk of loss of pulp vitality.

Prevalence of root canal treatment and periapical radiolucency in elders: a systematic review.

Neither the prevalence of periapical radiolucency (PARL), a surrogate for disease, nor the prevalence of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) in elders have been subjected to systematic review. The purpose of this study was to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of PARL and NSRCT in elders. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were used for defined searches in MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Title lists were scanned and abstracts read to determine utility; articles meeting the criteria were analyzed. Weighted mean percentages were calculated for prevalence of PARL, NSRCT, and PARL in both teeth with and without NSRCT. Defined searching produced 3576 titles; 29 prevalence articles were included. Patient samples mostly represented modern populations from countries with very high human development indices. Meta-analyses were performed on up to 74000 elders' teeth. For those aged 65+, the prevalence of all teeth with NSRCT was extremely high, 21%; the prevalence of all teeth with PARL was quite high, 7%; the prevalence of PARL in NSRCT teeth was high, 25%; and the prevalence of PARL in untreated teeth was surprisingly high, 4%. In elders, the prevalence of NSRCT and PARL separately increased with age; whereas, PARL in NSRCT teeth decreased with age. In comparison to general adult populations, elders had: a much higher prevalence of NSRCT, a higher prevalence of PARL, a lower prevalence of PARL in NSRCT teeth, and a higher prevalence of PARL in untreated teeth. Teeth saved through NSRCT were preferentially retained by elders.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis and Endodontic Treatment in an Adult Brazilian Population

IntroductionThis cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in type 2 diabetic individuals as compared with nondiabetics from an adult Brazilian population. MethodsFull-mouth radiographs from 30 type 2 diabetic and 60 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic individuals were examined, and the presence of AP lesions in untreated and root canal-treated teeth was recorded. The number of teeth and the prevalence of root canal treatment were also evaluated. ResultsAP was significantly more present in teeth from diabetic individuals (98/652, 15%) than in nondiabetic controls (162/1,368, 12%) (P = .05). A separate analysis of untreated and treated teeth revealed that significance was mostly because of the prevalence of AP in untreated teeth, which was 10% in diabetics and 7% in nondiabetics (P = .03). No significant difference between diabetics and nondiabetics was observed for the other parameters under study, including the prevalence of AP in root canal–treated teeth, the number of teeth in the oral cavity, the number of treated teeth per individual, the number of individuals with at least 1 AP lesion or 1 root canal treatment, and the number of teeth with AP per individual (P > .05). ConclusionsAP was significantly more prevalent in untreated teeth from type 2 diabetics. This suggests that diabetes may serve as a disease modifier of AP in the sense that individuals with diabetes can be more prone to develop primary disease. However, findings do not confirm that diabetes may influence the response to root canal treatment because treated teeth had no increased prevalence of AP when compared with controls.