Prevalence Of Retinal Detachment Research Articles

Relationship of Myopia Degree with Retinal Detachment Incidence at Diponegoro National Hospital

Background: Myopia is one of the visual disorders that has a high prevalence in the world. Based on the severity degree, myopia is divided into three criteria, namely mild, moderate and severe. Severe-degree myopia patients are more likely to suffer from certain eye diseases, especially those associated with the retina, such as retinal detachment.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.Methods: This research is an observational analytical with cross-sectional approach. The research data was obtained using consecutive sampling from the medical records of myopia patients in Diponegoro National Hospital during 2015-2020. Research subjects used in this research were 70 patients who fulfill the inclusion and not the exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The prevalence of retinal detachment is dominated by the age group of 51-60 years old (18.6%), male (35.7%) and a severe degree of myopia (34.3%). The results of the Chi Square test show that there is a significant relationship between the severity degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal detachment.

Clinical and Echographic Features of Morning Glory Disc Anomaly in Children: A Retrospective Study of 249 Chinese Patients.

PurposeTo report the clinical and echographic features, the prevalence of retinal detachment (RD), and associated visual acuity in a cohort of pediatric patients with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 249 pediatric patients with MGDA (271 eyes) seen at the Dept. of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital. Their medical records were reviewed for demographic data and ocular and systemic findings. The maximal depth and width of the cavity were measured using standardized echographic images. The ratios of cavitary depth to axial length, cavitary depth to maximal cavitary width, and the product of cavitary depth and width were calculated and used to indicate the relative size of the excavation. The clinical and echographic findings were correlated with visual acuity and the occurrence of RD of the patient.ResultsThe relative size of the excavation and the presence of RD were positively associated with increased risk of poor vision (p < 0.05). The presence of persistent fetal vasculature was not associated with the risk of RD and poor vision. The ratio of cavitary depth to axial length more than or equal to 0.25 conferred an increased risk of RD (OR, 2.101; 95% CI, 1.469–3.003).ConclusionsClinical and echographic features of MGDA may be used in predicting the risk of RD. Measuring the relative size of excavation via echography may guide the follow-ups and assist in the early diagnosis of RD.

Retinal detachment in morning glory disc anomaly: Prevalence and outcome of treatment

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of retinal detachment (RD) in eyes with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) and the outcome of treatment. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases of MGDA seen over a 5-year period at a tertiary eye hospital in South India. All the patients had a thorough ophthalmological and systemic examination. Prevalence of RD was determined and outcome of surgery in treated eyes analyzed. Results: Fifteen patients with a mean age of 11.1 years were diagnosed with MGDA during the study period. Two patients had bilateral anomaly. RD was present in four (23.5%) eyes, and three (17.6%) eyes had features of spontaneously settled RD. Three eyes with RD had vitrectomy with successful anatomical reattachment in two eyes and good visual outcome in one eye. Conclusion: RD is a common association of MGDA. Late presentation is frequent, and visual outcome limited following surgical intervention.

Clinical and Echographic Features of Retinochoroidal and Optic Nerve Colobomas.

We reported the clinical and echographic features of colobomas, prevalence of retinal detachment, and associated visual acuity in these patients. The study is a nonrandomized consecutive case series of 140 colobomatous eyes in 98 patients (age range, 0-83 years). Coloboma depth, width, volume, and relative coloboma excavation (coloboma depth/axial length) were measured using standardized echographic images. The presence of structural and other ocular abnormalities was noted. The clinical and echographic findings present were correlated with visual acuity of the patient. In addition, these features were correlated with the presence or absence of retinal detachment. Increased relative coloboma excavation was significantly associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment. A relative coloboma excavation (ratio of coloboma depth to axial length) greater than 0.15 was associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment (52%), compared to those with a relative coloboma excavation less than 0.15 (23%, P = 0.014). The presence of any structural abnormality and the presence of a retrobulbar cyst were associated with increased risk of retinal detachment and severe visual impairment (worse than 20/200). Increased coloboma depth, width, volume, and relative coloboma excavation were not associated with increased risk of severe visual impairment. Clinical and echographic features of colobomas may be used in predicting the risk of retinal detachment. Measuring relative coloboma excavation upon presentation may alter follow-up and assist in the diagnosis of retinal detachment.

Chorioretinal coloboma in a paediatric population.

To determine the validity of laser photocoagulation as a prophylactic treatment in the prevention of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in a group of paediatric patients presenting with chorioretinal coloboma. Observational case series of consecutive patients aged 0-15 years with chorioretinal coloboma seen in a tertiary eye hospital were reviewed. Data were analysed with SPSS version 16, a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. One hundred and ninety-eight patients (335 eyes) were identified. The prevalence of retinal detachment and ocular anomalies was 17.6 and 87.2%, respectively. Ocular anomalies included iris coloboma (71%), microcornea (45.1%), nystagmus (41.5%), strabismus (21.2%), and microphthalmos (19.1%). The prevalence of retinal detachment was 2.9% in those eyes that received prophylactic laser photocoagulation, whereas the risk of retinal detachment was 24.1% in eyes left untreated. Post-operative complications following retinal detachment surgery occurred in 86.7% eyes; the most frequent being recurrent retinal detachment (53.8%). The mean duration of follow-up was 1.59 ± 0.21 years (0-7 years) and 0.79 ± 0.16 years (0-8 years) in the group that had laser and in those that were treatment naive, respectively. Prophylactic laser treatment appears to have a protective effect for the prevention of RRD in eyes with chorioretinal coloboma. Measures towards prophylactic therapy should be instituted to reduce the risk of retinal detachment in choroid colobomatous eyes due to the problems in the management of these retinal detachments.

Treatment of Acute Retinal Necrosis

To compare outcomes from patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) treated in the acyclovir-only era with those treated in the era of newer antiviral therapies, identify variables affecting outcomes in ARN, and evaluate strategies for fellow eye prophylaxis. Multicenter, nonrandomized, retrospective, interventional series. A cohort of 58 patients diagnosed with ARN by a retina specialist at 1 of 4 referral centers between 1981 and 2008. The cohort was divided into 2 subgroups: patients treated during the acyclovir-only era (n = 36) and patients treated during the current era of newer antiviral medications (n = 22). Intravenous, oral, or intravitreal antiviral medications, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, valganciclovir, ganciclovir, and foscarnet; prophylactic laser retinopexy; aspirin; oral steroids. Visual acuity, retinal detachment, and fellow eye involvement. A wide range and combination of antiviral agents are currently used for initial and long-term treatment of ARN. Outcomes from the newer antivirals era were similar to those achieved during the acyclovir-only era. In both groups, the incidence of 20/200 or worse visual acuity was 24% per person-year (P = 0.91). The prevalence of retinal detachment was approximately 50% in each group (P = 0.59). No variables, including prophylactic laser retinopexy, were associated with risk of retinal detachment. Two patients (3.4%) developed ARN in the initially unaffected eye. Current treatment trends vary widely, including single agents or combinations of oral, intravenous, and intravitreal agents. Differing strategies did not affect outcomes. The final visual acuity in ARN was generally poor. Retinal detachment was common and could neither be predicted nor prevented. Development of ARN in the unaffected fellow eye occurred rarely. Long-term oral antiviral treatment strategies varied with unclear relative efficacy. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Retinal Detachment and Prophylaxis in Type 1 Stickler Syndrome

To report the prevalence of retinal detachment (RD) and results of prophylaxis against detachment from a giant retinal tear in a large cohort of patients with type 1 Stickler syndrome. Retrospective study. Two hundred four type 1 Stickler syndrome patients. Pedigrees and individuals with type 1 Stickler syndrome were identified from the vitreous research clinic and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients who received no prophylaxis (control group). Group 2 consisted of patients who had bilateral 360 degrees prophylactic cryotherapy (study group). Group 3 consisted of patients referred with unilateral RD for surgical repair and who underwent prophylaxis in the fellow eye (mixed group). Retinal status after prophylaxis, with failure of prophylaxis being defined as the development of RD or retinal tears needing further retinopexy. Of 111 patients who had no prophylactic retinopexy (group 1; mean age, 49 years), 73% (81/111) suffered RD and 48% (53/111) were bilateral. Of 62 patients who had bilateral prophylactic cryotherapy (group 2; mean age, 21 years), 8% (5/62) suffered failure of prophylaxis. There were no cases of bilateral detachments. The mean follow-up period was 11.5 years. In 31 patients who had unilateral prophylactic cryotherapy to the fellow eye (group 3; mean age, 36 years), failure occurred in 10% (3/31) of cases with a mean follow-up of 15.5 years. The prevalence of failure of prophylaxis in treated patients was significantly less than prevalence of RD in untreated patients (chi2(1) = 119.2, P<0.001). Prophylactic cryotherapy substantially reduces the risk of RD in type 1 Stickler syndrome and, in this series, eliminated the risk of bilateral detachments.

Red and/or blonde hair association with pigmentary glaucoma in Israel

To assess the prevalence of red and/or blonde hair in a defined pigmentary glaucoma (PG) population and to compare their clinical findings with those of PG patients with black or brown hair. Hair color was studied in 35 consecutive PG patients and 35 consecutive primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients who served as controls. Patients were classified into red and/or blonde hair group or into black or brown hair group. Clinical characteristics were contrasted between PG patients of red and/or blonde hair with PG patients of black or brown hair. Of the 35 PG patients, 19 (54.3%) had red and/or blonde hair and 16 (45.7%) had black or brown hair. Of the 35 POAG patients, two (5.8%) had red and/or blonde hair and 33 (94.2%) had black or brown hair. This difference in prevalence of hair color is highly significant (P < 0.001; chi2). Clinical characteristics of the PG patients (age at initial diagnosis, gender, positive family history for glaucoma, initial IOP, refraction, severity of optic nerve damage and prevalence of retinal detachment) were similar in the red and/or blonde hair and the black or brown hair groups. A very high prevalence of red and/or blonde hair was found among PG patients in Israel. Should supportive evidence for this association accumulate subsequent to this report, screening of people with these hair colors for PG may be justified.

The Role of Preoperative Ultrasonography for Patients With Dense Cataract: A Retrospective Study of 509 Cases

Ocular ultrasonography is widely used for the evaluation of eyes with opaque ocular media. Although preoperative ultrasonography of the globe has been recommended for patients with dense cataracts, the value of such an examination is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and nature of intraocular pathologies detected by preoperative ultrasound examination in patients with dense cataract. The authors retrospectively studied 509 patients referred for routine ultrasound examination of the globe due to dense cataract. Exclusion criteria included known posterior segment pathology, previous ocular surgery or penetrating trauma, and age of younger than 18 years. All the patients underwent ultrasound examination by B-scan and standardized A-scan. In 19.6% of the patients, a posterior segment pathology was revealed by the ultrasound examination. The most frequently disclosed abnormalities were posterior staphyloma (7.2%), retinal detachment (4.5%), and vitreous hemorrhage (2.5%). One patient with a large choroidal malignant melanoma was identified. The prevalence of posterior segment pathologies was slightly higher in patients with a history of ocular trauma, compared with the nontraumatic cataract group (29.6% versus 19.0%, respectively; P = .1). The prevalence of retinal detachment was increased in the traumatic cataract subgroup (14.8% compared with 3.9%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Preoperative ultrasound examination for patients with dense cataract can be used to detect pathologies that may influence the surgical strategy and the postoperative visual prognosis.

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the RCS rat: the influence of photoreceptor degeneration on disease expression.

S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was produced in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) strain of rat which develops a photoreceptor dystrophy within 2 weeks of birth. Animals were sensitised at 60, 90, and 105 days of age: all animals developed disease, but onset was significantly delayed in older (105 day) animals compared with those aged 60 days at sensitisation (p 0.003). Disease was characterised by the early development of complete serous retinal detachment which resolved in a few days: the prevalence of retinal detachment was increased to 80% in dystrophic animals compared with 10% in the congenic, non-dystrophic controls (p < 0.001). Anterior uveitis was seen in 17/30 control strain eyes, but in none of 30 dystrophic eyes (p < 0.001). Genetically determined photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction in the RCS rat, which may involve the local accumulation of altered S-antigen, predisposes the dystrophic strain to display an acute retinal detachment in the early stages of EAU. This phenomenon illustrates how biochemical dysfunction of a target organ may influence susceptibility, form, and severity of an experimental autoimmune disease.

Retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy.

In a retrospective study of 862 patients undergoing Nd:YAG capsulotomy for secondary posterior capsule opacification after extracapsular cataract surgery, the prevalence of retinal detachment was found to be 1.4% with minimum follow-up of six months. Thirty-eight per cent of these detachments occurred within the first two months and 69% occurred within the first six months following capsulotomy. The increase in the prevalence of retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy is most likely due to changes in the vitreous which occur when the posterior capsule is no longer intact.

The Prevalence of Retinal Detachment in Aphakic High Myopic Patients

The Prevalence of Retinal Detachment in Aphakic High Myopic Patients