Prevalence Of Respiratory Complications Research Articles

Prevalence of Respiratory Complications In Covid-19 Patients

Prevalence of Respiratory Complications In Covid-19 Patients

A Spectrum of Pulmonary Complications Occurring in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the trends of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and find the correlation with effects on the pulmonary system in such patients.MethodologyA multicentric prospective study was conducted in the city of Solapur, India. Data were collected from 250 patients through interpersonal interrogation using a questionnaire to capture basic demographic details, the history of ESRD, and relevant respiratory symptoms like breathlessness, cough, fever, etc. related to their disease. Symptoms that are likely associated with the pulmonary system were analyzed and referred to the pulmonology department. Appropriate diagnoses were made using relevant diagnostic tools like X-rays and sputum studies. The association between various disease attributes and pulmonary diagnoses was analyzed using the chi-square (χ2) test, with a p-value of value less than or equal to 0.05 considered statistically significant. Various socio-demographic variables, existing comorbidities, occupation-related risk factors, smoking history, past or current history of any respiratory conditions, the association between the causes of ESRD, time since the first dialysis and sociodemographic factors, and frequency of pulmonary complications were the other covariates in the study.ResultsOur study reports that 31.6% of our patients had significant impairment in their functioning due to respiratory complaints. The prevalence of respiratory complications was 27.2%. Major contributors were pleural effusion (33.8), pneumonia (25), pulmonary edema (20.58), pleuritis (11.76), collapse (8.8), tuberculosis (5.8), fibrosis (4.4), pericardial effusion (4.4), calcification (2.9), and hydrothorax (1.47). We report one case of Urinothorax as a rare cause of hydrothorax in such patients. Overall, our analysis found a significant association between non-reporting of respiratory complaints and acute admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a respiratory cause at p-value 0.0076 with a greater predilection toward the rural populations.ConclusionOur study results highlight the prevalence of pulmonary complications in ESRD patients. The occurrence of pulmonary complications, irrespective of the presence of symptoms and a greater association between non-reporting of respiratory symptoms and acute admissions to the ICU, is a hallmark to consider the importance of history and clinical vigilance during patient visits.

Assessing the potential impact of extending antenatal steroids to the late preterm period

In 2016, guidance statements were issued by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists about extending antenatal steroid use to selected late preterm singleton pregnancies. We sought to review antenatal steroid use prior to the 2016 guidance statements and assess the potential impact of these. This cohort study used chart-abstracted data from singleton deliveries from Jan. 1, 2012, through March 31, 2016, at 12 centers participating in the Obstetrics Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program, a quality initiative in Washington State. Pregnancies with missing gestation at delivery, fetal anomalies, or antepartum demise were excluded. Antenatal steroid use prior to the 2016 guidance was evaluated based on the percentageof early preterm deliveries (23+0-33+6 weeks) and the percentage ofall pregnancies that received antenatal steroids. Newborn complication rates were calculated for late preterm deliveries (34+0+0-36+6 weeks), grouped by whether they would be potentially eligible or ineligible for antenatal steroids based on the 2016 guidance statements. The opportunity for antenatal steroids was missed in 21.8% (226/1034) of early preterm deliveries and of all those who received antenatal steroids, 32.2% (614/1908) delivered at term. Of preterm deliveries, 74% (n= 2942) were in the late preterm period. In all, 80% (n=2363) of late preterm deliveries were potentially eligible for antenatal steroids and 60% of these (n= 1411) delivered at 36 weeks. The rate of respiratory complications in newborns delivering at 34 and 35 weeks was higher in the group potentially eligible for late preterm antenatal steroids compared to those in the ineligible group. Of those delivering at 36 weeks, no differences were detected in prevalence of respiratory complications by potential eligibility for antenatal steroids; however, compared with the ineligible group, those potentially eligible had a lower risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission (P < .001). More than two thirds (69%; 171/248) ofnewborn respiratory complications among late preterm deliveries potentially eligible for antenatal steroids occurred in those delivering at 34-35 weeks. Thehighest rate of respiratory complications was in those ineligible for antenatal steroids due to prepregnancy diabetes or chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at delivery. Careful consideration of which pregnancies should receive late preterm antenatal steroids and how to identify these pregnancies is important to optimize benefits and mitigate potential risks of this intervention.