Prevalence Of Reproductive Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence of single and multiple reproductive disorders in Jersey crossbred cows of sub-tropical North-Western Himalayas

A total of 1612 cows during 118 rural infertility camps (October 2013 to February 2021) in Himachal Pradesh were examined for prevalence of single and multiple reproductive disorders. Subsequently, prevalence of reproductive disorder was analysed from a perspective of age (Group 1: ≤2.5 years; Group 2: 2.5-7 years; Group 3: ≥7 years) and season (summer, monsoon, post-monsoon andwinter). In descending order, true anestrus, endometritis, infantile genitalia, repeat breeding and silent estrus were most prevalent single disorders. However, prolonged estrus with endometritis (62.3%) and metestral bleeding with repeat breeding (29.8%), respectively were concomitantly present as multiple disorders (in the same set of cows). Group 2 cows were highly susceptible for the presence of single and multiple disorders; whereas the disorders were most prevalent during pre-winter-winter and minimumduring summer season.

Prevalence of single and multiple reproductive disorders in Jersey crossbred cows of sub-tropical North-Western Himalayas

A total of 1612 cows during 118 rural infertility camps (October 2013 to February 2021) in Himachal Pradesh were examined for prevalence of single and multiple reproductive disorders. Subsequently, prevalence of reproductive disorder was analysed from a perspective of age (Group 1: ≤2.5 years; Group 2: 2.5-7 years; Group 3: ≥7 years) and season (summer, monsoon, post-monsoon andwinter). In descending order, true anestrus, endometritis, infantile genitalia, repeat breeding and silent estrus were most prevalent single disorders. However, prolonged estrus with endometritis (62.3%) and metestral bleeding with repeat breeding (29.8%), respectively were concomitantly present as multiple disorders (in the same set of cows). Group 2 cows were highly susceptible for the presence of single and multiple disorders; whereas the disorders were most prevalent during pre-winter-winter and minimumduring summer season.

A Cross Sectional Study on Some Aspects of Reproduction Scenario and Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle in Bangladesh

A Cross Sectional Study on Some Aspects of Reproduction Scenario and Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle in Bangladesh

Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Buffaloes of Sudoor Paschim Province (SPP), Nepal

Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Buffaloes of Sudoor Paschim Province (SPP), Nepal

Major management factors associated with reproductive performance and disorders in cows at Rajshahi region of Bangladesh

Background: The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing major factors that affect the reproductive performance and disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from January 2014 to June 2015. Data on herd size, feed quality, breeding, grazing, management system, reproductive disorders, age at puberty, age at firs calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval of 500 cows were collected from farm owners by administering a questionnaire. We recorded the important diseases contacting farmers by mobile phone and visiting the farms. The effect of farm size, rearing system, feed quality and preventive measure on reproductive performance were evaluated by analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. Unpaired T-test was used to compare the reproductive performance according to breeding. Chi-square test was used to compare between two categories of a dichotomous outcome.. Results: The age at puberty, age at first calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval were 26.42±0.22 m, 35.48±0.22 m, 121.85±3.48 days, 1.93±0.04, 136.80±3.57 days and 401.04±3.94 days, respectively. Farm size had significant effect (P<0.05) on all reproductive traits (RT) except on service per conception and days open. The best reproductive performance (RP) was found in small size farm, good quality of feed, AI breeding method and preventive measure by veterinarian. Among the disorders, anoestrus, abortion, repeat breeding, retained placenta were most prevalent followed by dystocia, mastitis, vaginal prolapse, pyometra, metritis, uterine prolapse, milk fever, and still birth. The highest prevalence of reproductive disorders (RD) was found in intensive rearing system (39.8%). The prevalence of all RDs was higher in artificially inseminated cows (59.6%) than those bred by natural service (19.0%). Conclusion: The study revealed a lower RP of dairy cows and higher prevalence of RDs. The better reproductive performance was recorded in small than large and medium farms. Good quality of feed should be offered to dairy cow for better reproductive performance. Artificial insemination should also be preferred than natural service for better reproductive performance. Measures to control reproductive diseases should be undertaken in large herds and intensive housing system.

Assessment of Major Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cattle in and around Bale Robe, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study by employing a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of major reproductive disorders in dairy cattle and its associated risk factors in and around Bale Robe town from November 2016 to April 2017. Out of 384 dairy cows which were under investigation, 254 (66.15%) had encountered at least one of the reproductive disorders. The major reproductive disorders recorded with high prevalence in the present study included mastitis (20.57%), repeat breeder (17.71%), retained fetal membrane (6.51%), uterine and vaginal prolapse (5.47%), and abortion (4.1%), whereas reproductive problems with lower incidence rate included dystocia, anestrus, hypocalcaemia, uterine discharge, and stillbirth accounting 3.91%, 1.82%, 1.30%, 1.04%, and 0.78%, respectively. The overall incidence of reproductive disorders in this study showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) with respect to body condition, age of the animals, production system, and mating system. However, this finding indicated that occurrence of reproductive problems shows statistical insignificance compared to breed, parity, and hygiene of the farm. The prevalence of reproductive disorders in extensive management system (91.02%) was higher than intensive (64.58%) and semi-intensive (57.61%) management systems and also more in local breed (67.93%) than crossbreed (62.29%). However, the prevalence based on parity was higher in primiparous (71.05%) than pluriparous (64.07%) cows. In general, it is recommended that improvement in management system, proper selection of bull and appropriate timing of AI for breeding system, accurate heat detection, routine and periodical examination of cows, balanced feeding, and hygienic condition should be corrected to minimize the incidence of reproductive health disorders and associated risk factors in the study area.

A cross sectional study on clinical trends of reproductive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh

Performance evaluation of existing dairying is important to design relevant dairy development strategies and implement context specific interventions for future development of the dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical trends (reproductive performance and disorders) of dairy cows of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 500 cows randomly selected and data were collected directly from the dairy farms owners from 6 upazilas and 4 metro thanas of Rajshahi district by using questionnaires and diagnosis of reproductive disorders (RD) was made on the basis of history, clinical signs and response to treatment. The average reproductive performance (RP) were recorded as age at puberty 26.42±0.22 m, age at first calving 35.48±0.22 m, post-partum heat period 121.85±3.48 days, service per conception 1.93±0.04, days open 136.80±3.57 days and calving interval 401.04±3.94 days. The better RP was found at metro thanas compared to upazilas, though no significant difference was found except on service per conception (p&lt;0.05). The overall prevalence of RD was 78.6% in Rajshahi district. Among the reproductive and productive disorders, anoestrus 24.6% was the highest prevalent disorders followed by abortion 13.4%, repeat breeding 11.4%, retained placenta 10.2%, dystocia 5.4%, mastitis 4.4%, vaginal prolapse 2.4%, pyometra 1.8%, metritis 1.6%, uterine prolapse 1.4%, milk fever 1.2% and still birth 0.8%. The highest occurrence of RD was recorded in Tanore upazila (92%) and the lowest in Poba upazila (62%). In comparison between the upazila and metro thanas the minimum occurrence of RD was recorded in metro thanas (31%) than upazilas (47.6%).&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 340-350

Prevalence of different reproductive disorders of small ruminants in five upazillas of Mymensingh district

Small ruminants (goat and sheep) are economically important and promising animal resource in Bangladesh. Reproductive disorders of goat and sheep cause the great economic problems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of reproductive disorders in goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Records of reproductive disorders were collected from official stock book of different Upazillas veterinary hospitals of Mymensingh district during April 2010 to March 2011. Seasonal occurrences of reproductive disorders were also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence of different reproductive disorders of goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Out of 4804 clinical cases, a total of 147 reproductive disorders of goat and sheep were screened out from datasheet of official stock book. Among the five upazila, the prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in Muktagacha (3.35%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.38%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders in all upazila was higher in sheep (4.12%) than goat (2.88%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders of goat was higher in Tarakanda (3.26%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.03%) and the prevalence of reproductive disorders of sheep was higher in Gaforgaon (5.22%) and lower in Haluaghat (3.15%). The major reproductive disorders recorded in goats were dystocia (41.2%), abortion (21.8%), mastitis (21.8%), retained placenta (11.8%) and pyometra (3.4%). Similarly, major reproductive disorders in sheep were dystocia (53.7%), abortion (25%), pyometra (7.1%), mastitis (7.1%) and retained placenta (7.1%). Moreover, seasonal prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in summer than winter in the species, goat (57.14%) and sheep (12.25%). It was concluded that the most pressing constraint on goat and sheep reproduction in Bangladesh is dystocia, abortion and mastitis. Strategies should be taken to minimize their occurrence.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 74-79

Reproductive abnormalities in female camel (Camelus dromedarius) in algeria: relationship with age, season, breed and body condition score

Reproductive tract abnormalities have a high impact on sexual activity and fertility. Knowledge of factors related to reproductive disorders is important towards understanding the variability prevalences and features of these anomalies. The relationship between season, age, breed, and the body condition score, and the prevalence of reproductive abnormalities in female dromedary camels were analysed in an observational study on 740 dromedary females. Data were obtained from 2 abattoirs in southeast Algeria from 2011 to 2013. The associations between reproductive abnormalities and the different factors were determined using a chi-square test. Various abnormalities with different degrees of severity were observed in 213 (28.8%) cases. Reproductive abnormalities were significantly associated with age group and season. The percentages of reproductive abnormalities recorded did not differ significantly among breeds and abattoir location. The findings indicated a significant relationship between reproductive disorders and the body condition score. The prevalence of overall reproductive abnormalities significantly varied between the wet and dry seasons. Abnormalities were significantly more frequent during the wet seasons (autumn, winter) than during the dry seasons (spring, summer). Based on these findings, the increased prevalence of reproductive disorders was associated with dry season, older age, and low body condition.

Reproductive Disorders that Limits the Reproductive Performances in Dairy Cows of Bangladesh

The reproductive disorders are the major causes of reproductive infertility in cows that affect the total annual calf crop, resulting in great economic loss in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to find out the reproductive disorders (RD) in dairy cows that markedly influences the reproductive performances in aspect of Bangladesh. A total number of 1658 dairy cows were selected according to their body condition score (BCS) in different farms at the southern part of Bangladesh during the period of 2011 to 2012. The preliminary data (basic information) were collected directly from the dairy farmer’s record books and asking questions according to a prescribed questionnaires as well as the diagnosis of RD was presumptively confirmed on the basis of history, clinical signs and examination of animals by ultrasonography and others necessary tools. There are thirteen major reproductive disorders were identified. Overall prevalence of reproductive disorders at that area were 23%, among of these anoestrus 5.1%, repeat breeder 3.7%, metritis 4.4%, poor heat detection 1.6%, ovarian cyst 0.36%, retain placenta 4.6%, dystocia 0.97% and pyometra 0.24%. It is indicated that anoestrus and retention of placenta after calving was most hazardous cause of infertility whereas the metritis and repeat breeder were the second line of consequence. RD had shown significantly higher incidence in low BCS (≤2) than that of fair (2.5) and very good (≥3∼3.5). In conclusion, the highest RD especially anoestrus and retention of placenta is very alarming for reproductive loss which might be needed further research to identify the specific cause of these disorders for establishment a profitable dairying and dairy population. (

Major reproductive disorders of dairy cows in and around Asella town, Central Ethiopia

Reproductive disorders are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of major reproductive disorders of dairy cows in and around Asella town, Central Ethiopia. For this purpose, a total of 82 owners and/or attendants of dairy cow herds were interviewed using structured questionnaire, and in addition, a total of 300 blood samples were randomly collected and analyzed from dairy cows in the study areas. Accordingly, the overall prevalence of reproductive disorders in the study area was 18.3%, with bovine brucellosis (32.9%), repeated breeding (26.8%) and abortion (14.6%) as the major reproductive disorders of dairy cows. It was also revealed that abortion is mostly common in exotic breeds (48.8%) and relatively less in local cows (9.8%) varying among parity and stage of pregnancy. Thus, it is recommended that strict animal husbandry especially animal feed and health management should be in place to minimize the risk of reproductive disorder occurrence in order to increase the production and productivity of dairy cows in the study area. Key words: Reproductive disorder, bovine brucellosis, repeated breeding, dairy cows.

Treatment of unobserved oestrus in a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate up to 60 days post-partum.

The efficiency of treatments for unobserved oestrus and their effect on the reproductive performance of a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate till 60 days post-partum (dpp), attributed to the declivous and slippery concrete floor were investigated. The herdsman requested advice in order to improve the mean days open of the herd, but no investments were allowed because a new unit was about to be built. Due to the low oestrus detection rate of the herd, the breeding policy was to inseminate at the first detected post-partum oestrus. Cows were examined at 20-30 dpp to assess uterine involution, ovarian activity and prevalence of reproductive disorders and, at 60 dpp if no previous oestrus was detected. Each examination included palpation per rectum, ultrasound scanning and collection of a blood sample for plasma progesterone (P4) measurement. Cows with unobserved oestrus till 60 dpp were allocated either to a treatment group (n=139) or to a control group (n=139). Three treatments were used: (a) injection of PGF(2 alpha) (PG) upon detection of a corpus luteum (CL; n = 30), cows not observed in oestrus being re-injected 11-12 days later. AI was at oestrus; (b) PRID (n=35) or Crestar (n=74) devices kept in situ for 12 and 9 days, respectively, were associated to an injection of PG and of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at device removal. Cows were double-fixed time-inseminated at 48 and 72 h after device removal. All treated cows were examined at 48-72 h after treatment to confirm oestrus. The percentage of cows detected in oestrus up to 60 dpp remained unchanged through the trial (35 and 47% for years before intervention: 1994-95; 51 and 48% for years of intervention: 1996-97). In contrast, the oestrous detection rate was high both in treated (93%) and control (100%) cows. This possibly resulted from an improvement in the oestrous detection efficiency of the herd's personnel and from examination of cows at 48-72 h after treatment. Treated and control cows had identical conception rate (CR; 36 and 37%, respectively) and reproductive performance. However, the mean days open of the herd in 1996 was significantly improved in comparison with previous years (mean +/- SEM: 134 +/- 6, 126 +/- 5, 110 +/- 4 and 114 +/- 5 days, for years 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, p < 0.05, ANOVA). Conception rate to AI up to 40 dpp was significantly reduced, compared with the period between 60 and 100 dpp but, mean days open were significantly improved in cows inseminated up to 60 dpp, compared with thereafter (p < 0.05).