Prevalence Of Psychiatric Comorbidities Research Articles

Clinico-Demographic Profile of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. ADHD leads to significant impairment in overall functioning of the child. There is limited information concerning the clinical scenario of ADHD within Nepal. The study aims to determine the clinico-demographic profile and pattern of medication use in the treatment of ADHD.Methods: This study retrospectively examines the records of children diagnosed with ADHD at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) Unit, Kanti Children’s Hospital (KCH), Nepal. Approval for the study was granted by KCH's Institutional Review Board. The analysis focused on data extracted from hospital records of ADHD patients spanning from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2023 encompassing two and a half years.Results: A total of 585 children were diagnosed with ADHD, with a mean age 7±3.04 years. The majority 501 (85.64%) were male, and 377 (64.44%) were from the school going age group (6 to 11 years). The prevalent psychiatric comorbidities included Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 102 (17.43%), Intellectual Disability (ID) at 93(15.89%), and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) at 36 (6.15%). The commonly used medication was Clonidine 165 (28.20%) followed by Atomoxetine 154 (26.32%) and Risperidone 65 (11.11%).Conclusions: The study indicates that ADHD is highly prevalent in Nepal. Comorbidities like ASD and ID are frequently seen which further necessitates the need for structured assessments and multidisciplinary approaches to address ADHD. In our context with limited treatment options, the management of ADHD is extremely challenging.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Migraine: A Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Migraine: A Cross-sectional Study

Coping Patterns and Psychosocial Distress in Hemophilia Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from South Gujarat, India

Abstract Introduction: Hemophilia is hereditary genetic disorder with defects in normal blood clotting mechanisms. It is characterized by a chronic course requiring lifelong treatment. Persons with hemophilia (PWH) are known to have significant stress due to socio-occupational impairments caused due to the illness. It affects the treatment outcomes adversely. There are few studies from India that have looked at the factors and prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in this population. Aim: To study coping patterns, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression profiles in adult patients of hemophilia. Materials and Methods: A purposive sample of 52 PWH was collected. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain demographic data, illness profiles, and experience of complications and concerns of the participants. Scales used were Beck’s depression inventory, Anxiety scale, Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale scale, and COPE questionnaire. Results: About 41% of the individuals had depression and 26.92% of individuals had trait anxiety. The state-dependent anxiety was seen in 69%. About 50% were found to be susceptible to stress-related illness. The adaptive coping style, namely, problem-focused coping, was associated with lower scores on the screening instruments. The presence of certain complications was associated with higher use of maladaptive coping strategies like the use of emotion and avoidance-focused coping. Conclusions: Considering the impact and morbidity, screening for psychological distress and analysis of coping styles of PWH should be a part of routine care.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Neurofibromatosis.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Neurofibromatosis.

Factors Associated with Anxiety Disorders in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Hong Kong

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopment disorder characterised by impairment in social communication and presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. A growing body of research has shown that children with ASD experience significantly greater anxiety levels than typically developing children. Anxiety disorders have been found to be one of the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in this population of children and are associated with debilitating psychosocial impairment. Objective: This study aimed to examine factors associated with anxiety disorders among Chinese children diagnosed with ASD in Hong Kong. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic from August 2019 to April 2020. The sample consisted of one hundred thirty-two subjects aged 6 to <12 years who had a diagnosis of ASD. Structured interviews and questionnaires including the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered for the assessment of anxiety disorders and their associated factors. Results: Greater qualitative deficits in reciprocal social interaction skills, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and maternal mood disorder were found to be significantly associated with anxiety disorders in children with ASD. Conclusion: Anxiety disorders are prevalent among children with ASD. Early recognition and identification of comorbid anxiety disorders are necessary in the diagnostic process of ASD. This study enriches our understanding of the factors associated with anxiety disorders in this population of children. For future research directions, furthering our understanding on the aetiological pathways, course of illness, and outcome of anxiety disorders in autistic children is highly warranted.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in patients with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder - a Systematic Review.

A growing body of evidence suggests that pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) frequently co-occurs with comorbid psychiatric disorders that may impact functioning. To review existing literature on the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and general functioning in patients with a primary diagnosis of PBD. We performed a systematic literature search on the PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo databases on November 16th, 2022. We included original papers on patients ≤18 years with primary PBD and any comorbid psychiatric disorder, diagnosed according to a validated diagnostic tool. Risk of bias of the individual studies was assessed using the STROBE checklist. We calculated weighted means to assess the comorbidity prevalence. The review complied with PRISMA statement guidelines. 20 studies with a total study population of 2722 patients with PBD were included (mean age=12.2 years). We found an overall high prevalence of comorbidity in patients with PBD. The most common comorbidities were attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (60%) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (47%). Anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, conduct disorder, tic disorders and substance-related disorders affected between 13.2% and 29% of patients, while one in ten had comorbid mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The prevalence of comorbid disorders was lower in studies that assessed the current prevalence in patients in full or partial remission. General functioning was overall not specifically decreased in patients with comorbidity. Comorbidity across a broad range of disorders was high in children diagnosed with PBD, especially regarding ADHD, ASD, behavioural and anxiety disorders including OCD. Future original studies should assess current prevalence of comorbidities in patients with PBD who are in remission to obtain more reliable estimates of psychiatric comorbidity in this patient group. The review highlights the clinical and scientific importance of comorbidity in PBD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Gender Dysphoria in Pediatric and Transitional-Aged Youth Hospitalized for Suicidal Behaviors

Objective: Our study aims to demarcate the sociodemographic differences in pediatric patients hospitalized for suicidal behaviors and struggling with gender dysphoria. Additionally, we evaluated the demographic factors and comorbidities that are predictive of gender dysphoria in patients with suicidal behaviors. Methods: We included 319,430 patients (aged 6–24 years) with suicidal behaviors and a primary psychiatric diagnosis (per ICD-10 criteria) of mood disorders (depressive disorders, 75.3%; bipolar disorders, 15.9%; and other mood disorders, 8.8%) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2018–2019). We compared the distributions of categorical variables using the Pearson χ2 test and continuous variables using an independent-samples t test in inpatients without versus with gender dysphoria. We used a logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) to assess the demographic and comorbid characteristics of gender dysphoria with suicidal behaviors. Results: The prevalence of codiagnosis of gender dysphoria in inpatients hospitalized for suicidal behaviors was 1.5%. Gender dysphoria was seen in a higher proportion of adolescents (68.2%), females (73.6%), those from high-income families (51.7%), and those from metropolitan counties (88.8%). The prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in inpatients with gender dysphoria included anxiety disorders (63.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 28.2%), and neurodevelopmental disorders (27.4%). Comorbidities including somatic disorders (OR = 2.30), eating disorders (OR = 1.95), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.71), anxiety disorders (OR = 1.59), PTSD (OR = 1.32), and neurodevelopmental disorders (OR = 1.17) increased the likelihood of codiagnoses of gender dysphoria. Conclusions: There exists a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in those with gender dysphoria and hospitalized for suicidal behavior. Our findings call for prompt evaluations of comorbidities of suicidal behaviors among adolescents and youth with gender dysphoria to provide a coordinated approach to suicide prevention, thereby reducing the future risk of poor health outcomes and mortality.

The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in epileptic patients

IntroductionHabituellement, nous voyons dans la consultation psychiatrique des patients épileptiques pour des plaintes psychologiques. Souvent pour un trouble anxieux ou dépressif. Dans d’autres cas, nous prenons en charge des patients psychiatriques atteints d’épilepsie.ObjectivesL’objectif de notre travail est d’étudier la prévalence de la comorbidité psychiatrique dans une population de patients épileptiques.MethodsNous avons mené une étude transversale auprès de la consultation de l’hopital ar-razi de salé, à l’aide d’un questionnaire et d’échelles d’évaluation préétablies : le MINI (mini entretien neuropsychiatrique international), l’inventaire de la dépression de Beck, et Échelle d’anxiété de Hamilton.Results55 patients ont répondu aux critères d’inclusion. L’âge moyen de nos patients est de 25,9 ans. Le sex-ratio F/H est de 1,6. Plus de la moitié de nos patients sont célibataires (78%). Seuls 21 % des patients ont une activité professionnelle régulière. La prévalence des troubles psychiatriques dans notre étude est de 66,6%. L’anxiété est retrouvée dans 68,2 % des cas, alors que la dépression est évaluée à 58,9 % des cas dont 23,7 % ont une dépression sévère qu’il faut traiter, avec une prédominance du sexe féminin (66,8 %).ConclusionsDans notre étude, l’ anxiété et la dépression sont les troubles psychiatriques les plus rapportés en cas d’épilepsie. Ils doivent être systématiquement recherchés pour tout épileptique et traités pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Pattern and prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) at the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH)

Background: HIV, a communicable disease, is assuming an alarming epidemic dimension with increasing level of psychiatric co-morbidity and mortality. These psychiatric comorbidities appear to be generally under-recognized and under-treated by clinicians. Aim: The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among PLWHIV attending the virology clinic of UPTH. Methodology: Following ethical approval from the ethical committee of the hospital and informed consent from the participants, 230 subjects were recruited based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria, via a systematic random sampling. PLWHIV were further administered with the study’s instruments including the socio-demographic questionnaire and GHQ-12. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Confidence interval was set at 95% while P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and sixty (69.6%) out of the total number of 230 PLWHIV studied had no psychiatric diagnosis while 70 (30.4%) had different associated psychiatric morbidity. Of the total number with psychiatric diagnosis, 38 (16.0%) had depressive illness. Generalized anxiety disorder was diagnosed in 8 (3.5%) respondents, while 4 (1.7%) respondents had mixed anxiety and depression. Nine (9) (3.8%) patients had adjustment disorder while 3 (1.3%) females were diagnosed with hyposexual dysfunction. Six (2.6%) patients had alcohol abuse, 11 (5.8%) were diagnosed with PTSD and only 1 patient (0.4%) had panic disorder. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the impression that HIV infection is a chronic debilitating illness, associated with psychiatric co-morbidity. The results support the call that the management of patients with HIV should include attention to their mental health status in order to enhance the quality of care.

Racial and gender-based disparities and trends in common psychiatric conditions in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations: A ten-year United States study.

Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions. There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses based on patient profiles and the etiology of cirrhosis. To examine the trends of hospitalizations among psychiatric conditions in cirrhosis. We used the National Inpatient Sample database 2016-2019 for the primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. The outcomes included the prevalence, trends, and associations of psychiatric diagnoses in these hospitalizations. Chi-square for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were utilized. The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations increased from 0.17% in 2009 to 0.92% in 2019 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of depression increased from 7% in 2009 to 12% in 2019 (P < 0.001). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence increased from 0.06% to 0.24%. The prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 0.59% to 0.87% (P < 0.001). Schizoaffective disorder prevalence increased from 0.10% to 0.35% (P < 0.001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence displayed increasing trends from 0.36% in 2009 to 0.93% in 2019 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased from 0.23% to 0.56% in 2019. Cirrhosis related to alcoholic liver disease [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.18, 95%CI 1.08-1.29, P < 0.001] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (aOR 1.14, 95%CI 1.01-1.28, P = 0.025) was associated with depression more than other causes. Alcohol- and NAFLD-associated cirrhosis had a stronger link to psychiatric disorders. Females had a higher association with GAD (aOR 2.56, 95%CI 2.14-3.06, P < 0.001), depression (aOR 1.78, 95%CI 1.71-1.84, P < 0.001), bipolar disorder (aOR 1.64, 95%CI 1.52-1.77, P < 0.001] and chronic fatigue (aOR 2.31, 95%CI 1.31-4.07, P < 0.001) when compared to males. Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Native Americans had a significantly lower association with GAD, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and ADHD when compared to the white race. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations has increased over the last decade. Females had a higher association with psychiatric disorders compared to males. Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Native Americans had lower associations with psychiatric comorbidities compared to the white race.

Behavioral profiling in children and adolescents with Malan syndrome

Malan syndrome (MALNS) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder caused by heterozygous chromosomal microdeletions involving the 19p13.2 region or loss-of-function variants in the NFIX gene. It is characterized by specific phenotypical features, intellectual disability (ID), and limitations in adaptive functioning and behavioral problems. In a previous work, we defined the cognitive, adaptive, linguistic and visuomotor ability profiles in a group of 15 MALNS individuals, providing quantitative data from standardized evaluations. Here, we further extend the characterization of MALNS by analyzing the behavioral and psychopathological comorbidities of the same cohort, administering standardized tests. Children were evaluated from October 2020 to January 2022. Retrospective data analysis was also performed. Assessment consisted of clinical observations, structured parent interviews, and parent-reported questionnaires. For each scale, comparisons between subtests were performed. Results of our analysis show that the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities are represented by anxiety symptoms (including GAD, separation anxiety and specific phobias), ADHD, autistic symptoms, and social and attention problems. Of note, minimal or no signs of ASD were observed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the psychopathological and behavioral comorbidities, together with cognitive impairment, language problems and sensory difficulties interfere with development, daily activities and social participation, therefore contributing to the severity of the disability associated with MALNS. Awareness of this profile by professionals and caregivers can promote prompt diagnosis and support cognitive and behavioral development.

A study of psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes affects physical and psychological and social health. Sufficient literature exists on management by self and psychosocial methods for diabetes, but there exists a paucity of literature on psychological response and unaddressed emotional distress on overall health. Many studies have shown that diabetes has a bad impact on quality of life (QOL). This study is done for estimating psychiatric morbidity prevalence and its influence on QOL in diabetic patients. Aim: We aimed to study psychiatric comorbidities and QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This was a study done cross-sectionally over a period of 18 months on a sample of 108 subjects at the Psychiatry Department and General Medicine Department, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Nizamabad. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS 5.0 and World Health Organization QOL-BREF scales were the survey tools used. Data analysis was done using statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among diabetic patients was found to be 58.3%, with Depression (17.6%) being the most common comorbidity, followed by Dysthymia (13.8%). QOL of patients with T2DM with psychiatric comorbidity was significantly poorer (P = 0.001) in physical health domain (P = 0.04) and psychological domain (P = 0.01), while it was relatively better in environment domain (P = 0.2) and social relationships domain (P = 0.5). Conclusion: This study concludes that psychiatric comorbidities are common comorbidities in persons with T2DM. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidities further reduce QOL in individuals having T2DM.

Prevalence and characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh – A narrative review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-aged women. PCOS is not a homogeneous disease and can manifest as a range of multifaceted problems, including various reproductive, cosmetic, cardiometabolic, and psychiatric conditions. In Bangladesh, research defining the prevalence and characteristics of PCOS is not ample. This review summarizes the findings from published studies that provide consistent evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of women with PCOS in the country. The small-scale studies conducted among different subgroups of women indicate a high prevalence of the condition. Clinical presentations of PCOS in Bangladeshi women are also highly variable. A substantial portion has obesity, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, which significantly threaten their cardiovascular health. Many of them have co-existent other endocrinopathies, including thyroid abnormalities. Moreover, highly prevalent psychiatric comorbidities among these women warrant routine screening for these conditions.

Psychiatric co-morbidity of drug-resistant epilepsy in Veterans

ObjectivePsychiatric conditions are frequently co-morbid in epilepsy and studies examining Veterans with epilepsy suggest this population may present with unique psychiatric and clinical features Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) may confer a greater risk of psychiatric dysfunction; however, there is a paucity of literature documenting this. To expand our clinical understanding of Veterans with DRE, we assessed a comprehensive Veterans Health Administration (VHA)-wide sample, describing psychiatric conditions, medications, and healthcare utilization. MethodsPsychiatric and hospitalization data were collected on 52,579 Veterans enrolled in VHA healthcare between FY2014-2ndQtr.FY2020 from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse administrative data. Data examined include psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication use, and utilization of hospital services. ResultsAt least one psychiatric diagnosis was present in 70.2% of patients, while 49.8% had two or more diagnoses. Depression (51.7%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (38.8%), and anxiety (38.0%) represented the most common psychiatric co-morbidities. Psychiatric medication use was present in 73.3%. Emergency room (ER) visits were highest in those with suicidality (mean 14.9 visits), followed by bipolar disorder (10.3), and schizophrenia (12.1). Psychiatric-related hospitalizations were highest for schizophrenia (mean 2.5 admissions) and bipolar disorder (2.3). Females had more psychiatric diagnoses (2.4 vs. 1.6, p < 0.001), psychiatric medications (3.4 vs. 2.3, p < 0.001), and ER utilization than males (6.9 vs. 5.5, p < 0.001). SignificanceA substantial psychiatric burden exists among Veterans with DRE. Compared to prior epilepsy literature, results suggest that Veterans with DRE evidence more prevalent psychiatric comorbidity, emergency care usage, and inpatient psychiatric admissions. Females were especially impacted, with greater rates of psychiatric conditions and treatment. Considering the relationship of psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy with psychosocial functioning and quality of life, our findings highlight the need for screening and provision of services for those with DRE.

Diagnostic Concordance between Research and Clinical-Based Assessments of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Anorexia Nervosa.

The literature has reported poor concordance in the assessment of psychiatric conditions, and inhomogeneity in the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). We aimed to investigate concordance level between clinicians' and researchers' diagnoses of psychiatric comorbidity in AN and differences in eating and general psychopathology between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity assessed by clinicians versus researchers. A clinical psychiatrist interviewed 122 patients with AN; then a researcher administered the Structured and Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The agreement between clinicians and researchers was poor for all diagnoses but obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder. Patients with comorbid disorders diagnosed by researchers reported more severe eating and general psychopathology than those without SCID-comorbidity. The differences between patients with and without comorbidities assessed by a clinician were smaller. Two approaches to psychiatry comorbidity assessment emerged: SCID-5 diagnoses yield a precise and rigorous assessment, while clinicians tend to consider some symptoms as secondary to the eating disorder rather than as part of another psychiatric condition, seeing the clinical picture as a whole. Overall, the study highlights the importance of carefully assessing comorbidity in AN.

Homicidal ideation and psychiatric comorbidities in the inpatient adolescents aged 12-17.

Adolescents with a homicidal tendency is a growing concern in the United States. Studies in the past have showcased the relationship between homicidal ideation (HI) and psychiatric illnesses, but very limited information is available on the adolescent and inpatient population. We aim to evaluate the prevalence of demographic characteristics and psychiatric disorders in adolescents with and without HI. Adolescent (age 12-17) population admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of homicidal ideation was identified from the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample Dataset (NISD). Patients without HI were defined as the control group. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities between the groups was compared by applying the Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test. We used multivariable logistic regression to generate odds ratio (OR) of homicidal ideation as an outcome; we adjusted age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, substance use disorders, alcohol use disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities. A total of 18,935 patients (mean age: 14.5) with HI diagnosis were identified in this study. Majority of the patients were male subjects in the HI group compared to the control group (58.7 vs. 41.2%, p < 0.001). Racially, HI was more prevalent in white race (56.0 vs. 52.6%, p < 0.001) and black race (22.3 vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001), compared to Hispanic race (14.9 vs. 21.3%, p < 0.001). Major depression (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, p < 0.001), bipolar disorder (OR: 3.52, p < 0.001), anxiety disorder (OR: 1.85, p < 0.001), ADHD, and other conduct disorders (OR: 4.01, p < 0.001), schizophrenia (OR: 4.35, p < 0.001) are strong predictors of HI. Suicidality was prevalent in 66.9% of patients with HI. We found a higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder in adolescents with homicidal ideation in the inpatient setting. White and black races were more prevalent in patients with homicidal ideation. Further large-scale longitudinal research studies are warranted to establish the correlation between psychiatric disorders and homicidal ideation among adolescents.

Physical and psychiatric comorbidities among patients with severe mental illness as seen in Uganda.

While psychiatric and physical comorbidities in severe mental illness (SMI) have been associated with increased mortality and poor clinical outcomes, problem has received little attention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study established the prevalence of psychiatric (schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and recurrent major depressive disorder) and physical (HIV/AIDS, syphilis, hypertension and obesity) comorbidities and associated factors among 1201 out-patients with SMI (schizophrenia, depression and bipolar affective disorder) attending care at two hospitals in Uganda. Participants completed an assessment battery including structured, standardised and locally translated instruments. SMIs were established using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 7.2. We used logistic regression to determine the association between physical and psychiatric comorbidities and potential risk factors. Bipolar affective disorder was the most prevalent (66.4%) psychiatric diagnoses followed by schizophrenia (26.6%) and recurrent major depressive disorder (7.0%). Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 9.1%, while physical disorder comorbidity was 42.6%. Specific comorbid physical disorders were hypertension (27.1%), obesity (13.8%), HIV/AIDS (8.2%) and syphilis (4.8%). Potentially modifiable factors independently significantly associated with psychiatric and physical comorbidities were: use of alcohol for both syphilis and hypertension comorbidities; and use of a mood stabilisers and khat in comorbidity with obesity. Only psychiatric comorbidity was positively associated with the negative outcomes of suicidality and risky sexual behaviour. The healthcare models for psychiatric care in LMICs such as Uganda should be optimised to address the high burden of psychiatric and physical comorbidities.

Burden of Psychiatric Disorders in Moyamoya Disease: A National Inpatient Perspective From 2007-2014.

Objective: Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular illness that causes progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches, increasing the risk of stroke. Moyamoya disease is associated with a small number of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate psychiatric comorbidities and trends in patients with Moyamoya disease in the United States.Methods: US National Inpatient Sample data from 2007 to 2014 were used for analyses in this cross-sectional study. The frequency of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric disorders among adult patients with known Moyamoya disease was assessed. Baseline demographics included in the analysis and diagnostic codes used to identify psychiatric disorders were determined. Categorical and continuous data were assessed using Pearson χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22.0.Results: The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was 38.7% (7,861/20,289). The most common psychiatric disorders were mood disorders (17.8%) and anxiety disorders (8%). Psychosis and drug abuse were present in 4.4% and 4.1% of patients, respectively. Approximately 1 in 4 patients (22.2%) with Moyamoya disease had previously been screened for mental health or substance abuse. The rate of suicide or self-inflicted injury was 0.8%.Conclusions: The impact of Moyamoya disease on mental health services is expected to grow, as the condition's prevalence is increasing at a rate of approximately 1.5- to 2-fold. A multidisciplinary approach between neurology, psychiatry, and primary care can improve screening and management of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial stressors among people initiating HIV care in Cameroon.

BackgroundPsychiatric comorbidity, the presence of two or more mental health disorders, has been associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted interviews with PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon between June 2019 and March 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and harmful drinking were dichotomized to represent those with and without symptoms of each. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined as having symptoms of two or more disorders assessed. Moderate or severe household hunger, high anticipatory HIV-related stigma, low social support, and high number of potentially traumatic events were hypothesized as correlates of psychiatric comorbidity. Bivariable log binomial regression models were used to estimate unadjusted associations between psychosocial stressors and psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsAmong 424 participants interviewed, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 16%. Among those with symptoms of at least one mental health or substance use disorder (n = 161), the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 42%. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 33%, 67%, 76%, and 81% among those with symptoms of harmful drinking, depression, anxiety, and PTSD, respectively. Among individuals with symptoms of a mental health or substance use disorder, a high number of potentially traumatic events (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.71 [95% CI 1.21, 2.42]) and high anticipatory HIV-related stigma (PR 1.45 [95% CI 1.01, 2.09]) were associated with greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionPsychiatric comorbidity was common among this group of PWH in Cameroon. The effectiveness and implementation of transdiagnostic or multi-focus mental health treatment approaches in HIV care settings should be examined.

Impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia

BackgroundResilience is the process of adjusting successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, threats, or severe stress, such as serious health problems. It is one of the factors that affect recovery from psychiatric disorders. It was suggested that fibromyalgia patients have low resilience. This study aimed to assess the impact of resilience on disease severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia.ResultsWe found that patients with fibromyalgia had a significantly lower resilience and higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, fibromyalgia patients with high disease severity had a significantly lower resilience and a higher percentage of psychiatric problems than those with a better disease state (P = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant negative correlation of resilience with disease severity (as assessed by the FIQ score), visual analog scale (VAS) of anxiety, and VAS of depression (P = 0.0001).ConclusionResilience significantly impacts the severity and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with fibromyalgia. So, enhancing and improving resilience must be considered in the management protocols of fibromyalgia patients.