Prevalence Of Prehypertension Research Articles

IJCM_176A: Prehypertension and its association with anthropometric indices among young adult Bank Employees of a city in coastal district of Andhra Pradesh-A cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension is a rapidly emerging modifiable lifestyle disease and is often called as the silent killer. Owing to a steady increase in the prevalence it is of public health concern. Hypertension develops gradually preceded by prehypertension as evidenced by longitudinal studies. Bank employees lead a sedentary and highly stressful life that often leads to developing NCD’s such as hypertension. The study aims to assess the prevalence of prehypertension among them. Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of Prehypertension among bank employees. 2. To determine the association between various anthropometric measurements and Prehypertension among bank employees. Methodology: A Cross-sectional Study was carried out among the bank employees of urban Kakinada, during October & November 2023 and their hypertension status was assessed. List of banks in the city was obtained and 32 of them were selected by simple random sampling using lottery method. Sample size was calculated using the formula=z2pq/l2 with an allowable error of 15% of prevalence.Prevalence(55.3%) was taken from the study done by Sira Jam Munira and sample size was 140.Young adults(25-44years) of age from the rank of Clerk and above were included in the study. Modified WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data using Kobo toolbox and the data was analysed using MS Excel 2019 and SPSS 21. Prior approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 308 respondents constituted the study population. The mean age of the participants was 52.80±10.97 years. Among various domains of QOL, mean scores were found to be maximum for environmental domain (54.08± 14.76). Females have lower scores among various QOL domains as compared to their male counterparts. Age was found to be independent predictor for all the domains of QOL. Literacy, monthly family income, presence of self-reported stress and duration of the diabetes were all significantly associated with majority of domains of QOL on multivariate analysis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Advancing age and duration of diabetes were found to be among important predictors of QOL. Conclusion: Young adult bank employees had high prevalence of prehypertension and it was more prevalent among females.

Pre-hypertension and Hypertension Among University Students in Bahrain: A Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.

In the last 20 years, hypertension has become more common among younger age groups. Based on a global meta-analysis, the combined prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 4.0% and 9.7%, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among university students and their associated risk factors. Four hundred and eleven students aged between 18 and 25 (196 males and 215 females) were randomly selected to participate from the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS) and the College of Business Administration, Bahrain. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire, which gathered information about lifestyle habits. Trained students measured the participant's blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) according to standardized settings. All risk factors were studied according to the study field and their gender. The mean age of the participants was 16.4±0.9 years. Of the total participants, 61.3% (n= 252) were normotensive, 30.7% (n= 126) were pre-hypertensive, and 8% (n= 33) were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was higher in male students, 13.8% (n=27) and 44.9% (n= 88), compared to female students, 2.8% (n=6) and 17.7% (n=38), respectively. The results of the univariate analysis showed an association of hypertension with the field of study, gender, age, BMI, exercise frequency, frequency of eating junk food, and family history of hypertension (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association between hypertension and pre-hypertension with gender, the field of study, and BMI. The findings of the study revealed that hypertension and pre-hypertension are common among university students in Bahrain. The risk factors for these conditions include studying medicine, being male, and being obese.

A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF PREHYPERTENSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN TIRUNELVELI TOWN TAMILNADU

Objective: The prevalence of hypertensive disease among adolescents is increasing trend. This rise in hypertension (HTN) among adolescents is multifactorial. Prehypertension advances to HTN in due course in adult life, becoming one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases later. We aim to determine the prevalence of prehypertension among adolescents in Tirunelveli town. Methods: One thousand high school children aged 14–18 years from Tirunelveli city were chosen. The blood pressures (BPs) (systolic and diastolic) were recorded using the standard technique. Physical biometrics was documented. Results: BP &gt;90th percentile is considered to be abnormal in adolescents. Prevalence of prehypertension is 0.7% (f-0%, m-0.7%), HTN is 4.7% (f-2.5%, m-2.2%), and cumulative abnormal BP is 5.4%. Among the 54 adolescents, only one had body mass index of overweight category surprisingly. Conclusion: Previous studies indicate approximately 3–4% of adolescents develop consistently elevated BP across many countries. The common causes attributed are physical inactivity, consumption of junk food, besides hormonal changes in adolescents. The results of our study indicate 5.4% of students having more than the 90th percentile nearly corresponds to results of many studies. Early detection of prehypertension in adolescents is cost-effective measure that would further avoid impoverishment to the middle-income group as well as improve the quality and expectancy of life. Effective specific school health programs are needed at the time, especially in developing countries like India.

Prehypertension and Hypertension among School Teachers: An Epidemiological Study from South India

ABSTRACT Context: Teaching is regarded as one of the most stressful occupations, making them more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension. Aims and Objectives: We explored this study to estimate the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and its risk factors among school teachers. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted for one year among 400 school teachers working in primary and secondary schools in southern Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, where each school was considered as a cluster. A validated proforma with a questionnaire developed based on the WHO STEPS manual was used to collect data on socio-demographic details, blood pressure recordings, anthropometric measurements, and other related factors. Statistical Analysis: Odds ratio, the Chi-square test, and regression analysis was used to test the significance, where p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 400 subjects, 52.3% had normal blood pressure, 32.0% had pre-hypertension, and 15.7% had hypertension, with a total of pre-hypertension/ hypertension 47.7%. Prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension was significantly higher among the males (47.6%) [UOR: 2.4 (1.6-3.6)], the age group of 40 years and above (39.8%) [UOR: 4.6 (2.8-7.6)], and married subjects (90.1%) [UOR: 3.2 (1.8-5.6)]. Those who perceived moderate/severe stress at work (32.5%) [UOR: 3.9 (2.3-6.6)], teaching work of 11 years and above (59.7%) [UOR: 4.0 (2.7-6.2)], inadequate intake of fruits/vegetables (81.7%) [UOR: 1.6 (1.0-2.6)], adding extra salt to food (56.0%) [UOR: 2.0 (1.4-2.9)], and those who were overweight/obese (67.5%) [UOR: 3.4 (2.2-5.1)] had a higher prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was considerably high among school teachers, and several factors were significantly associated with hypertension. Coordinated efforts in early diagnosis, control, and prevention of hypertension among teachers are the need of the hour.

Investigating the Relationship Between Hypertension and Obesity in Schoolchildren From Lower-Middle Socioeconomic Strata in Urban Mumbai.

Background In light of escalating rates of childhood obesity, understanding the gender-specific correlation between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension has become crucial for effective public health interventions. This study investigates the interplay between BMI and hypertension among school-aged children, with a particular emphasis on gender stratification to identify distinct trends. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted with a diverse sample of 702 schoolchildren aged 5-16 years from a lower-middle-income school in urban Mumbai. This cohort consisted of 491 boys and 211 girls within the gender subset. BMI was calculated using height and weight measurements, while blood pressure readings determined hypertension prevalence. The children were categorized based on the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) growth chart BMI calculations and blood pressure percentiles. SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, with p-values <0.05 deemed significant. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 16.52%, with 15.89% in boys and 18.10% in girls, revealing no significant gender difference (p = 0.487). In terms of obesity, the overall prevalence was 10.83%, with 10.99% in boys and 10.34% in girls, revealing no significant gender difference (p = 0.823). The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 7%, exhibiting a significantly higher prevalence in high BMI males (overweight and obese) versus non-high BMI males (normal and underweight) (p < 0.001); however, no such difference was observed in females (p = 0.289). The prevalence of hypertension was 15.95% with a significantly higher prevalence in high BMI males (overweight and obese) versus non-high BMI males (normal and underweight) (p < 0.001) and high BMI females (overweight and obese) versus non-high BMI females (normal and underweight) (p < 0.001). Hypertension was significantly higher in children with high BMI (overweight and obese) compared to their non-high BMI (normal and underweight) counterparts. Conclusions In lower-middle socioeconomic strata schoolchildren in urban Mumbai, the prevalence of obesity and hypertension was alarmingly high, attributed to shifting lifestyles and unhealthy dietary habits. Hypertension rates were notably elevated among overweight and obese individuals compared to normal and underweight individuals. More than a third of both boys and girls with obesity were diagnosed with hypertension, emphasizing a concerning surge in hypertension cases among children. Prioritizing age-specific blood pressure assessments can facilitate early identification and timely interventions.

Prevalence of prehypertension among adults: a study from Peshawar

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background &amp;amp; Objectives&lt;/strong&gt;:&amp;nbsp;People with pre-hypertension (PHTN) is more likely to developed hypertension (HTN) and having higher risk of cardiovascular (CVD) and renal diseases. This study aims to determines the prevalence of pre-hypertension among the adult population of the XYZ institute&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted no the adult population of a teaching institute Peshawar. This study included sample of 176 adults. A close ended questionnaire, containing some demographic and medical information&amp;rsquo;s was design to fulfil the aim of our study.&amp;nbsp; Blood pressure measurement was taken from all subjects and data were analyzed by using SPSS version22.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence of PHTN and HTN was 50.57% (n=89) and 18.19% respectively. &amp;nbsp;statistically significant association was found of gender with PHTN (P=0.036). PHTN was slightly more prevalent among male gender i.e.39.8% comparative to female gender i.e. 10.8%.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; More than our half study population was to have PHTN. Its incidence was found statistically significant with male gender and is at higher risk developed HTN.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;Blood pressure, hypertension and prehypertension.&lt;/p&gt;

Prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension among adults in Southeastern Iran: Findings from the baseline survey of the Zahedan adult cohort study

Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of HTN. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pre-hypertension (pre-HTN), HTN, and its risk factors in adults participating in the Zahedan adult cohort study (ZACS). This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of the ZACS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors. Among the 10,016 participants in this study, 60.89% were women, with an average age of 50.44 ± 9.18 years. The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 42.03% (men 45.44%, women 39.84%) and 18.47% (men 21.09%, women 16.79%), respectively. Being male, older age, having higher socioeconomic status (SES), being overweight and obese, having a family history of HTN, comorbidities such as diabetes and CVD, as well as abnormal blood lipid levels (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) were the most significant predictors of pre-HTN and HTN. These findings highlight that more than half of the participants in this study exhibit pre-HTN or HTN, placing them at risk for CVD and stroke. Implementing comprehensive preventive strategies tailored to these identified risk factors is imperative to alleviate the disease burden, enhance disease management, and improve HTN treatment and control.

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Its Relationship With Anthropometric Risk Factors in Students of a Pre-university Girls' College in Bangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background There is a growing concern regarding elevated blood pressure in adolescence. Children and adolescents with high blood pressure are at risk for adult hypertension. Being overweight and obese are important risk factors for hypertension. This study aimed to determinethe prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its association with anthropometric risk factors among students of a pre-university girls' college. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 students at a pre-university girls' college aged 15-19 years in urban Bangalore. A self-administered, semi-structured, pretested questionnaire collected the sociodemographic details, family history, and lifestyle. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. Standard cut-off levels were used for body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Resting blood pressure was determined using a digital blood pressure monitor. It was classified into normotensive, pre-hypertension (>90th to <95th percentile), and hypertension (>95th percentile). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Pre-hypertension and hypertension were considered as having elevated blood pressure. Results The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 21.4% (n = 72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.0-25.7) and 9.8% (n = 33, 95% CI = 6.6-13.0), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 20.2% (n = 68, 95% CI = 15.9-24.5) and obesity was 12.2% (n = 41, 95% CI = 8.7-15.7). WC, WHR, and WHtR were abnormal in 34.7% (n = 117, 95% CI = 29.6-39.8), 47.5% (n = 160, 95% CI = 42.1-52.8), and 45.7% (n = 154, 95% CI = 50.4-51.0), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation betweensystolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), and WHtR (p < 0.001), as well asdiastolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p = 0.008), and WHtR (p = 0.011). Statistically significant differences in mean BMI (p = 0.004), WC (p < 0.001), WHR (p = 0.007), and WHtR (p = 0.001) between normal, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive students were also noted. Conclusions Pre-hypertension and hypertension are fundamental problems in pre-university girl students. With a similarly increased prevalence of obesity and other anthropometric risk factors, students must be aware of hypertension and its risk factors.

Association of blood pressure with frequency of different blood groups and body mass index among medical students.

Objective: To determine the association of blood pressure with frequency of different blood groups and body mass index among medical students. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Ameer-ud–Din Medical College /Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: May 2022 to August 2022. Material &amp; Methods: Comprised 105 healthy both male and female medical students of 1st year and 2nd year MBBS. Participants were divided into groups following ABO blood grouping and body mass index criteria. Blood grouping was done by using conventional slide method. Manual auscultatory method consisting of mercury sphygmomanometer was used for estimation of blood pressure. Blood Pressure of female students was measured during follicular phase (days 7-11) of menstrual cycle to exclude role of emotional state and endocrinological factors for causing variation in blood pressure. Data was analysed by using SPSS 26. Results: There were 105 students with an overall mean age of 19.7±1.2 years. Blood group B&amp;O found most predominant with equal prevalence of 35(33.3%). Prevalence of prehypertension among our study subjects was found 17.4%. Mean systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were not found statistically significant among blood groups; p values 0.39, 0.28 and 0.25 respectively. No statistically significant difference of pre hypertensive subjects (n=18) were noted among ABO blood groups. (p=0.201). Statistical analysis showed significant association of DBP and MAP with BMI, p=0.014 and p=0.011 respectively. 38.5% of obese subjects were found prehypertensive. Highest percentage of obese subjects with pre-hypertension was noted among blood group O. Among underweight and normal weight subjects highest of pre- hypertensives were found to have blood group AB., but no significant association of pre-hypertensive subjects among different groups of BMI (p=0.184). Conclusion: B&amp;O blood group were found predominant with equal prevalence. No statistically significant association of prehypertensive subjects were found among different ABO blood groups and different groups of BMI.

Prevalence and risk factor of diabetes and hypertension in northeastern and south Indian region in India: insights from large scale survey data

Background: Hypertension and diabetes, two of the major global risks for mortality are on a rapid rise in developing nations and leading risk factors for a hero sclerosis and its complications, including heart attacks and strokes. It is predicted that by 2030, India’s diabetes burden will be almost 87 million people. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factor of diabetes and hypertension in northeastern and south Indian region in India. Methods: This study utilised the fourth wave of the national family health survey (2015-16). Bivariate, multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to meet the aim of the paper. Results: Analysis shows that the highest prevalence of prehypertension is higher in Sikkim state whereas the prevalence of hypertension men is higher in also Sikkim state. Prevalence of women is prehypertension in Sikkim state and hypertensive women is higher prevalence in Nagaland and Assam state. Conclusions: Diabetes is developing with multi-morbidity like hypertension. Thus, there is need to provide the health education to diabetic people by public and private health care services and increase the health awareness in the society at grass root level. The main reason behind diabetes is heredity, less physical activity, higher body mass index, and increased cholesterol level in that group of south India and northeastern region. There is need that people should change their lifestyle and government should build the structure of city with health perspective.

The Pattern of Blood Pressure Distribution and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Pre (Hypertension) Among Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Western India

Background: Raised blood pressure is one of the significant preventable causes of cardiovascular diseases. The Global Burden of Diseases report 2019 has identified high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk factor for attributable deaths accounting for about 1.4 million deaths in India. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, along with their associated risk factors, among young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban science colleges in Gujarat. A multicomponent questionnaire comprised of demographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics was administered to the participants (18-23 years). Data on weight, height and blood pressure were collected by trained field personnel. The categorical variables were tested by a chi-square test, while the t-test was used to compare quantitative variables. Results: Overall, 415 participants (65% female) were included in the study, with a mean age of 19.5 years. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 23.4% and 4.8%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the male gender, not being underweight, and overweight was found to be associated with elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: There is a pressing need to identify cardiovascular risk factors at younger ages through regular screening, with more focus should be put on the adaptation of healthy lifestyles.

Body Mass Index is Associated with blood pressure and vital capacity in medical students

BackgroundThe widely reported associations between body mass index (BMI) and various chronic diseases, such as hypertension and asthma, have garnered significant attention. Nonetheless, there remains a dearth of research dedicated to understanding the health impacts of medical school on the students, who experience considerable academic pressure. In that context, this study was driven by the goal of investigating the intricate interplay between BMI, blood pressure (BP), and vital capacity among medical students.MethodsThis study included a cohort of 843 medical students enrolled at Southern Medical University who were selected through random cluster sampling. Within this cohort, measurements of height, weight, BP, and vital capacity were taken. Subsequently, both BMI and vital capacity index (VCI) were calculated for each participant. By categorizing the subjects into four groups according to BMI classifications, a comprehensive analysis that included correlation assessments and binomial logistic regression was conducted.ResultsWithin the participant pool, 9.4% and 3.8% of participants were classified as overweight and obese, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, and poor VCI was 18.1%, 2.7%, and 13.5%, respectively. Notably, male students exhibited a higher prevalence of the aforementioned health issues than their female counterparts. Correlation analysis revealed that BMI displayed positive associations with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and vital capacity (r = 0.372, 0.257, 0.428; P < 0.001). However, an inverse correlation emerged between BMI and VCI (r = -0.284, P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that overweight and obese individuals faced an elevated risk of high blood pressure ([OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15–3.67] and [OR 5.44, 95% CI 2.28–13.02], respectively) compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Moreover, these groups also exhibited a higher risk of poor VCI ([OR 5.25, 95% CI 3.04–9.06] and [OR 15.61, 95% CI 6.81–35.81], respectively), while underweight subjects experienced a reduced risk ([OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.52]).ConclusionsBMI demonstrated a notably strong positive correlation with both BP and vital capacity and a negative correlation with VCI. Therefore, for medical students as well as the daily health care of patients, weight control is recommended to better combat obesity-related diseases, for example, cardiopulmonary diseases, gout and diabetes.

The Prevalence of Hypertension and its Related Factors in Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Larestan (South Fars Province, Iran)

Background: Childhood hypertension can have serious consequences for children, especially during their adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors in children aged 7 to 12 years in Larestan (Iran).&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1110 students from 7 to 12 years old in Larestan were enrolled in the study using cluster sampling. In order to collect educational data, 10 girls' primary schools and 10 boys' primary schools were randomly selected from all the girls' and boys' primary schools. Then, considering that each school has different number of students, 55 students of each school were randomly selected. Students' blood pressure was measured as standard. Their personal information was also recorded in a checklist. A checklist containing demographic information, factors and variables that affect the prevalence of hypertension in children aged 7 to 12 years was used. To collect information, a checklist was used that included demographic information such as age, gender, and place of residence. Also, in order to identify factors and variables effective in the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), tools such as sphygmomanometer and other risk factors including obesity, type of diet, physical activities, and body mass index (BMI) were used.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of girls was 9.11 ± 1.53 and boys were 9.19 ± 1.52, which did not differ significantly from the statistical point of view. The prevalence of pre hypertension was 6.03% (95% CI: 4.71-7.60) and the prevalence of hypertension was 4.14% (95% CI: 3.05-5.49). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure has direct relation with height and weight of children. Diastolic blood pressure also had a higher prevalence in girls (P &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Overweight and obesity as a moderate aggressive factor were significantly associated with blood pressure. Also, the prevalence of HBP in children was significant, and it is necessary to pay attention to it in childhood. Moreover, hypertension cases should be identified and treatment should start faster for the affected person to prevent the adverse consequences in the future.

Prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and high blood pressure among adolescents in Cameroonian schools.

Blood pressure (BP) is the main driver of mortality with 12.8% of all deaths worldwide. Adolescents are not spared, precisely in Cameroon where they constitute more than half of its population. The objective of our work was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and high blood pressure (HBP) among adolescents in Cameroonian schools. Descriptive study over 5 months; from January to May 2019. The study population consisted of students from private and public schools in the city of Douala. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and personal background data were collected. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with pre-hypertension and HBP. Differences were considered significant for p<.05. We recruited 771 students with an average age of 16±1 years with female predominance (51.4%). The prevalences of pre-hypertension and HBP were 6.6% and 3%, respectively. Overweight/obesity (OR=4.6; p<.0001), hyperglycemia [(OR=4.06; p=.001)] physical inactivity (OR=1.85; p=.019), and public institutions (OR=1.87; p=.02) were associated with pre-hypertension. Similarly, overweight/obesity (OR=2.99; p=.022), hyperglycemia (OR=14.05; p<.0001), and physical inactivity (OR=8.58; p<.0001) were correlated with HBP. Pre-hypertension and HBP are high in Cameroonian school adolescents and their risk factors are overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, and physical inactivity.

A decision tree model of hypertension among college students in Yunnan Province, China

PurposePrevious studies have indicated that the prevalence rate of hypertension in adolescents is high, but it has not received much attention and the influencing factors are unclear, especially in Yunnan Province, China.Materials and methodsA cluster sampling method was used to investigate 4781 freshmen in a college in Kunming, Yunnan Province from November to December. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected using questionnaires, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Decision tree model of hypertension in college students was established by Chi-square automatic interactive detection method.ResultsPrevalence of prehypertension of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected in 33.9% and 32.1%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension of SBP and DBP was detected in 1.2% and 7.2%, respectively. The hypertension and prehypertension decision tree of SBP has gender (χ2 = 728.64, p < .001) at the first level and body mass index (BMI) (boys: χ2 = 55.98, p < .001; girls: χ2 = 79.58, p < .001) at the second level. The hypertension and prehypertension decision tree of DBP has gender (χ2 = 381.83, p < .001) at the first level, BMI (boys: χ2 = 40.54, p < .001; girls: χ2 = 48.79, p < .001) at the second level, only children (χ2 = 6.43, p = .04) and red wine consumption (χ2 = 8.17, p = .017) at the third level.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that gender, BMI, only children and red wine consumption were the main factors affecting hypertension in college students in southwest border areas of China.

Prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension/hypertension among freshman students from the Vietnam National University: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPrehypertension (PHT) and hypertension (HTN) in young adults are essential risk factors for other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later years of life. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the burden and risk factors of PHT/HTN for Vietnamese youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PHT/HTN and risk factors among university students in Hanoi, Vietnam.MethodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 840 students (394 males and 446 females) randomly sampled from freshmen of Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU). Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle data were collected using questionnaire forms and physical measurements. HTN was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or current treatment with antihypertensive medications. PHT was defined as a systolic BP from 120 to 139 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP from 80 to 89 mmHg. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the WHO diagnostic criteria for Asian adults: normal weight (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2), underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Bivariable and multivariable log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of PHT/HTN with different risk factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 33.5% [95% CI: 30.3–36.8%] (54.1% in men and 15.3% in women) and 1.4% [95% CI: 0.7–2.5%] (2.5% in men and 0.5% in women), respectively. Regarding CVD major risk factors, 119 (14.2%) were identified as overweight/obese, 461 (54.9%) were physical inactivity, 29.4% of men and 8.1% of women reported consuming alcohol. The multivariable analysis indicated the male sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.07; 95% CI: 2.32–4.06), alcohol consumption (aPR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03–1.59) and obesity (aPR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08–1.68) as the independent risk factors for PHT/HTN.ConclusionsThe results revealed the high burden of prehypertension and hypertension among university freshmen in VNU. Male sex, alcohol consumption, and obesity were identified as important risk factors for PHT/HTN. Our study suggests an early screening program for PHT/HTN and campaigns to promote a healthy lifestyle for young adults in Vietnam.

Association between environmental chemical exposure and albumin-to-creatinine ratio is modified by hypertension status in women of reproductive age

Chemicals have been identified as a potential risk factor of renal dysfunction. However, studies that consider both multiple chemicals and non-chemical risk factors, such as hypertension, are rare. In this study, we assessed the associations between exposure to several chemicals, including major metals, phthalates, and phenolic compounds, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). A group of Korean adult women in reproductive age (n = 438, aged between 20 and 49 years), who had previously been studied for association of several organic chemicals, was chosen for this purpose. We constructed multivariable linear regression models for individual chemicals and weighted-quantile sum (WQS) mixtures, by hypertension status. Among the study population, approximately 8.5% of the participants exhibited micro/macro-albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g), and 18.5% and 3.9% exhibited prehypertension and hypertension, respectively. Blood cadmium and lead levels showed a stronger association with ACR only among women with prehypertension or hypertension. Among organic chemicals, depending on the statistial model, benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) showed a significant association regardless of hypertension status, but most associations disappeared in the (pre)hypertensive group. These findings clearly indicate that hypertension status can modify and may potentiate the association of environmental chemicals with ACR. Our observations suggest that low-level environmental pollutant exposure may have potential adverse effects on kidney function among general adult women. Considering the prevalence of prehypertension in the general population, efforts to reduce exposure to cadmium and lead are necessary among adult women to minimize the risk of adverse kidney function.

Evaluating the Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension with Associated Risk Factors in India: Evidence From LASI 2017–2018 Data

India’s cardiovascular conditions and healthcare systems are significantly impacted by hypertension. This study aims to provide estimates of the prevalence of hypertension, and pre-hypertension, in India. Furthermore, it identifies lifestyle modifications to reduce hypertension in age groups of 45–59 and 60+. This study uses data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018, which includes information on 31,197 adults (45–59) and 28,567 older adults (60+). Descriptive, multivariate, and multinomial regression analyses have been performed to ascertain the prevalence and correlation of socioeconomic characteristics and related risk factors. The finding of this study suggests that individuals in the 60+ age group have a higher prevalence of hypertension. In contrast, a higher prevalence of pre-hypertension can be seen in the 45–59 age group. Gender, place of residence, living arrangement MPCE quintile, family history of hypertension, body mass index, self-rated health, and alcohol consumption are significantly associated with pre-hypertension and hypertension. There is a need for public awareness and control since people with age 45–59 are less aware of hypertension; otherwise, unintentionally, they can develop more risk with aging. Methods of modifying one’s lifestyle and dietary changes have a significant impact on the prevention of hypertension; that is why there is a great need for people to be aware of all these.

MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA THỪA CÂN, BÉO PHÌ VÀ TIỀN CAO HUYẾT ÁP, CAO HUYẾT ÁP Ở HỌC SINH TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG ĐỒNG HÒA, THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

The increasing prevalence of high blood pressure in adolescents is an alarming global health problem, coupled with the rise in obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between overweight, obesity, and pre-hypertension, and hypertension among adolescents aged 15 - 17 years in Hai Phong city. The case-control study was conducted on 1,000 students at Dong Hoa High School, Hai Phong city. The control group consisted of 730 students with normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The case group included 270 students with pre-hypertension and hypertension according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The study results showed that the proportion of students with pre-hypertension and hypertension was quite high, 12.2% and 14.8%, respectively. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in male students was significantly higher than in female students (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, overweight and obesity were statistically significantly associated with the risk of pre-hypertension, and hypertension with OR values of 2.2 (95%CI: 1.4-3.4) and 7.1 (95%CI: 3.0 - 16.5), respectively. Thus, overweight and obesity increases the risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15 - 17 at Dong Hoa High School, Hai Phong city.

Prevalence and associated factors for prehypertension and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents: a cross-sectional community survey

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and determine the associated factors for developing prehypertension and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents.DesignNational cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in all the provinces in Indonesia.ParticipantsThe population in...