Prevalence Of Overweight Individuals Research Articles

Evaluation of the frequency of consumption of various groups of dairy products by students of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

BACKGROUND: Milk and dairy products are an important component of a balanced diet. Milk and dairy products deficiency contributes to the violation of the main health indicators of various age groups of the population.
 AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of consumption of various groups of dairy products by students.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 388 full-time students of the Medical Institute of the Peoples Friendship University of Russia took part in the cross-sectional study. Of all the participants, 185 were men and 203 were women; the average age was (20.42.2) and (21.91.7) years, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were performed according to the standard program. The frequency of consumption of various groups of dairy products was studied using a modified questionnaire on the frequency of consumption of products.
 RESULTS: analysis of the questionnaire on the frequency of consumption of products demonstrated that approximately 14% of the respondents did not consume milk over the past month, about a third cottage cheese, 21% natural sour-milk products and 16% sour-milk products with various fillers. Hard cheeses and pickled cheeses are absent from daily food rations of 7% and 20% of respondents, respectively. Daily consumption was recorded as follows: milk 24% of respondents; cottage cheese 5%; fermented milk products (natural and with flavored) 9% and 8%, respectively; hard cheese 18%. The study also revealed gender differences in the characteristics of consumer preferences: women are less likely to consume cream, sour cream, soft cheese and milk. Among female students, the prevalence of overweight individuals was higher and amounted to 25% (n=50), while among male students 19% (n=35). A modest inverse relationship was found between daily milk intake and body weight, as well as between milk intake and body mass index (r=0.61 and r=0.65, respectively).
 CONCLUSIONS: our study revealed insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products among students. The relationship between the frequency of their consumption and indicators of physical development was noted.

Limiting vs. diversifying patterns of recommendations for key protein sources emerging: a study on national food guides worldwide from a health and sustainability perspective

PurposeA shift to a healthy and sustainable diet (as recommended by the EAT Lancet Commission) needs to have a strong societal legitimation. This makes it relevant to investigate to what extent countries are using their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) in ways that can stimulate such a shift.Design/methodology/approachGiven the pivotal role of protein, the authors examined what patterns of protein-related recommendations are used to guide consumers and how these patterns are related to specific contexts and societal priorities of the countries.FindingsThe analysis of data from 93 countries worldwide revealed two emerging patterns of recommendations. One pattern (found in a cluster of 23% of the countries) combined positive advice about key protein sources with limiting messages to reduce (or replace) the consumption of animal protein. The other pattern (found in a cluster of 24%) encouraged both animal and plant protein, thereby diversifying the set of protein sources, without negative advice on animal-based food sources. The two patterns of recommendations were differently associated with health and nutrition variables, including the countries' level of animal protein supply (in particular, dairy) and the prevalence of overweight individuals among adult men.Social implicationsFor all stakeholders, it is of crucial importance to realize that an increasing number of countries in the world are moving in the direction of acknowledging and addressing the diet-health-environment nexus by adapting their patterns of recommendations for key protein sources.Originality/valueThis study is the first that reveals patterns in recommendations with respect to protein sources by different nations worldwide.

Relationship between body mass index with dietary fiber intake and skinfolds--differences among bodybuilders who train during morning and nocturne period.

The prevalence of overweight individuals has increased in recent years. Moreover, the importance of a healthy diet is associated with the practice of physical activity and attempt to verify the achievement of physical exercise influences on food choice. However, it relationship between food intake and physical activity have not been studied. To evaluate if the period in which the trainings are conducted, morning and nocturne, interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in food consumption as well as verify possible associations between anthropometric profiles and dietary habits. We collected data from 33 adult volunteers, between men and women, practitioners of bodybuilding. A total of 33 volunteers were interviewed (18 (54.5%) were men and 15 (45.5%) were women). Regarding anthropometric data, it turns out that that the volunteers of the two periods had similar characteristics, differentiating only weight. The consumption of nutritional supplements was observed in 30.77% of the practitioners in the morning period vs. 35% for the nocturne. Considering macronutrient intake, there was a significant difference in the consumption of protein between the periods. The consumption during nocturne period was greater (126 ± 5% of the daily requirement) than the morning period (115.7 ± 2%). As for micro-nutrients, calcium intake was greater among men when compared to women. There was a positive correlation between the BMI, and arm circumference for practitioners of the morning period. This study show that the practitioners who train in the morning have quietly better eating habits than those in the nocturne period, however both are inappropriate.

Do You Know Your Fat? A Review of Adipose Tissue and its Implications in Cosmetic Surgery

Introduction: New procedures and technologies abound in cosmetic surgery as in other areas of medicine. It is critical that physicians performing cosmetic procedures involving adipose tissue have knowledge about the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of adipose tissue. This knowledge will allow informed decision making with regard to patient selection, procedure implementation, and postoperative expectations. Method: A review of the literature. Results: Anatomically, adipose tissue is an intricate structure consisting of a variety of cell types working together. It functions in thermoregulation of the body and provides protection for internal organs. Physiologically, it is an endocrine organ whose adipokines impact the entire body, including determining feelings of satiety and ultimately, body composition. Adipose metabolism is itself regulated by a host of hormones. Obese patients will likely experience complications, including those resulting from insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperandrogenism in women. These complicating conditions are more strongly associated with intra-abdominal and upper body fat, than to overall adiposity. Discussion: The estimated prevalence of overweight individuals, when defined by body mass index (BMI) > 25, continues to rise. Currently, more than 60% of men and more than 55% of women fall into this category. The cosmetic surgeon must be aware that a patient with excess fat will be at an increased risk for intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Surgeon and patient must consider the ramifications of fat volume removal, and the implications it has on the patient's metabolism and adipokine levels. Since the data about the ramification of manipulating of adipose tissue are conflicting, disrupting adipose tissue may have unforeseen consequences for the patient.

Comparison of the prevalence of obesity in adults among Hong Kong, mainland China and United States

Obesity is a global health concern especially in the Western countries. It was reported that over 30% Chinese (age 20–59 years) were overweight, and about 7% Chinese were obese in the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC). However, Hong Kong (HK) was not included in this survey. Hong Kong perhaps is the most westernized city in PRC, the differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between HK and PRC is not known. The contrast of the prevalence with those reported for the US counterparts is worth investigating. PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of overweight, general and central obesity between US, HK and PRC. METHODS: A total of 3,647 HK adults age 20–59 years-old participated in a citywide fitness survey in 2005–2006, which includes the measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference (WC). These measurements were compared with those retrieved from the PRC National Fitness Survey Report 2000 (n= 151,656) and the US NHANES 2004 data (n=2,840). The BMI cut-off point for overweight and obese Chinese was 24 and 28, respectively (Report of the Working Group on Obesity in China, 2002), while for American was 25 and 30, respectively (ACSM, 2005). The cut-off WC for Chinese men and women was 85 cm and 80 cm, respectively, whereas for US men and women was 102 cm and 88 cm, respectively. Differences in the prevalence of overweight, general and central obesity, by age groups and gender, were analyzed by Chi-square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight individuals in US, PRC and HK was, respectively: for men: 68.27%, 39.55%, 35.08%; for women: 65.32%, 33.19%, 23.16%; the obesity for men: 30.18%, 7.65%, 5.95%; for women: 37.64%, 6.89%, 4.85%; the central obesity for men: 35.19%, 33.56%, 30.46%; for women: 63.68%, 29.76%, 23.25%. All comparisons were significant different at p<05. More than half and 1/3 of the US sample was overweight and obese respectively, which is much higher than the PRC and HK samples. HK sample demonstrated lower level of obesity and overweight than PRC. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in HK adults was lower than those in PRC and much lower than those in US. Reasons for the differences were not investigated in this study, but may possibly relate to the differences in lifestyle such as physical activity and diet. Difference in defining overweight and obesity may be another possible reason.

Study on the prevalence of some risk factors in the adult population of one Brazilian state

Knowledge on the prevalence of risk factors (CVRF) is important to help plan health policies, which aim at reversing these risks. Estimate the prevalence of some CVRF in the adult population of the state of Goiás/Brazil. Descriptive, observational and transversal study of a population base, substantiated by a home survey of a simple random sample, considered to be representative of the population being studied, (>18y), taking as basis a large and a small city. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain social and demographic information on daily habits and several measurements were taken, including BP (OMRO HEM 750CP), weight (electronics scale), height (stadiometer), and abdominal circumference with a non-elastic measuring tape. Data was stored in the software Microsoft Access and was analyzed for hypothesis validation and correlation among the variables with the software Epi Info 6. Two thousand nine hundred and twelve people were investigated (85% of the intended sample). There was a predominance of females (61.7%), average age 41.5±15.3y (18 to 90y) and a prevalence of overweight conditions (grade I obesity) in 31.6% of the individuals and of obesity (grade II and III obesity) in 14.2%. No gender-related differences were found. We verify an increase in the prevalence of overweight individuals and of grade II obesity within the age bracket of up to 50 years of age. The conditions stabilized on those patients of up to 74 years of age, and there was a downward trend from that age on. The Waist Circumference (WC) was found to be increased or highly increased in 42.5% of the population which was studied. Smoking was another finding, with a 21.1% prevalence, and it was more frequent among men (26.2%) than among women (17.9%). Sedentary individuals represented 61.9% of the population, uniformly distributed between the two genders. Regular consumption of alcohol was a finding for 41.4% individuals, more frequent among men. In view of the high prevalence of these CVRF, and in particular the high percentage of people whose weight was above the average (45.8%), we must become more alert to the need of urgent measures aimed at changing the current state of affairs, or otherwise prepare ourselves to face an epidemic of CVD.