Prevalence Of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

Human Papillomavirus infection and cervico-vaginal cytology in indigenous women from Cañar, Ecuador.

There are few studies on the circulation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in indigenous Ecuadorian women. The aim of the study is to determine the circulation of HPV and identify cytological alterations in cervical samples of indigenous Ecuadorian women and to define the behavior of some socio-demographic and clinical-epidemiological variables. An analytical cross-sectional study was done between July 2017 and September 2018 to determine the presence of cytological alterations and HPV infection in 100 indigenous women between 15 and 55 years of age, residing in Cañar, Ecuador. The association between socio-demographic and clinical-epidemiological variables with viral infection was investigated. Was obtained a 98% of negative cytology for malignancy and 2% of cervical lesions. Cases with high-grade lesions were not diagnosed. In general, a 34% (34/100) tested was positive for HPV, predominating oncogenic genotypes. HPV 31 was the most frequent in 41.2% (14/34) of cases followed by HPV 16 in 20.6% (7/34). Women between 20 and 30 years of age were five times more likely to be infected with HPV (44.1%, 15/34). The frequency of infection was significantly higher in single women and in those who reported having 2 to 3 births. Infection with HPV 16 was associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives, in 57.1% (4/7) of the cases; p = 0.005, RP = 12.44 IC95% (2.40-64.62). The high prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection indicates the need to incorporate this indigenous population into early detection programs for cervical cancer.

Type-specific oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in high grade cervical disease in New Zealand

BackgroundThe national Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Immunisation Programme in New Zealand was introduced in 2008, and involves routine vaccination of girls 12–13 years with a catch-up for females aged up to 19 years. The aims of this study were to measure the pre-vaccination prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection in women aged 20–69 years who were participating in the New Zealand National Cervical Screening Programme (NZ-NCSP) and who were: (1) referred with high grade cytology with a subsequent histologically-confirmed high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS); or (2) were in the wider group of women who had a cytological prediction of high grade squamous disease or glandular abnormality (ASC-H/ HSIL+/AGC/AIS).MethodsWomen aged 20–69 years appearing on the NZ-NCSP register between August 2009-February 2011 with a cytology record of ASC-H/HSIL+/AGC/AIS were invited to participate in the study. Liquid-based cytology specimens were tested for 37 HPV types using Linear Array genotyping. The prevalence of type-specific HPV infection was reported within women with histologically-confirmed CIN 2/3 and within the wider group with ASC-H/HSIL+/AGC/AIS cytology. Age-specific trends for the relative proportion of HPV 16/18 vs. other oncogenic types in CIN2/3 were assessed.ResultsA total of 594 women with ASC-H/HSIL+/AGC/AIS cytology and a valid HPV test were recruited; of these 356 (60%) had confirmed CIN2/3 and 6 (1%) had confirmed AIS or glandular dysplasia. Positivity rates for any oncogenic HPV infection and for HPV16 and/or 18 within confirmed CIN2/3-AIS were 95% (95%CI: 92-97%) and 60% (54-65%) respectively; in all women with ASC-H/HSIL+/AGC/AIS cytology it was 87% (84-89%) and 53% (49-57%), respectively. The most common reported HPV types in women with CIN 2/3 were 16 (51%), 52 (19%), 31 (17%), 33 (13%) and 18 (12%). A trend for higher rates of HPV 16/18 infection compared to other oncogenic types was observed in younger women (p=0.0006).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HPV 16/18 in confirmed high grade disease in New Zealand is comparable to that observed in Australia and European countries. Test positivity rates for type 52 appear higher than in comparable studies in other developed countries. A greater proportion of high grade lesions in younger women appear to be associated with HPV 16/18 infection.

Cervical human papillomavirus and HIV infection in women of child-bearing age in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 2010

Background:We sought to document the association of Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and immunodeficiency with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with no cervical neoplastic lesions identified through a cervical cancer screening programme in Côte d’Ivoire.Methods:A consecutive sample of women stratified on their HIV status and attending the national blood donor clinic or the closest HIV clinic was recruited during a cervical cancer screening programme based on the visual inspection. Diagnosis of HPV infection and genotype identification were based on the Linear Array; HPV test.Results:A total of 445 (254 HIV-positive and 191 HIV-negative) women were included. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection was 53.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 47.9–59.9) in HIV-positive women and 33.7% (95% CI 27.1–40.3) in HIV-negative women (odds ratio (OR)=2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.3)). In multivariate analysis, HIV-positive women with a CD4 count <200 cells mm3 or between 200 and 499 cells mm3 were more likely to harbour an oncogenic HPV compared with women with a CD4 count ⩾500 cells mm3 with OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.1–8.1) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.9), respectively.Conclusion:A high prevalence of oncogenic HPV was found in women with no cervical neoplastic lesions, especially in HIV-positive women. Despite antiretroviral use, immunodeficiency was a main determinant of the presence of oncogenic HPV.

Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection among fishermen along Lake Victoria Shore in the Kisumu District, Kenya

Objectives:The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men in Kenya is largely uncharacterised. We set out to determine the prevalence and determinants of HPV infection among sexually active fishermen...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 l1 AS04 virus-like particle (VLP) cervical cancer vaccine is immunogenic and well-tolerated 18 months after vaccination in women up to age 55 years

3007 Background: Although prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection is highest in women younger than 25, incident infection is estimated to occur in 5% - 10% of women aged 25–55. New infections decrease with age, but the proportion that persists is higher. Therefore, women over 25 also may benefit from HPV vaccination. In a primary Phase III study (GSK 105879/014), an HPV-16/18 AS04 cervical cancer vaccine candidate was highly immunogenic and well tolerated in women up to age 55. This extension study evaluates the persistence of immune response and safety through 18 months after the first vaccine dose. Methods: Healthy women aged 15–55 years in Germany and Poland who had received 3 doses of HPV-16/18 L1 AS04 VLP vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6 in the primary study were invited to participate in a follow-up extension (15–25 years [n=169], 26–35 years [n=83], 36–45 years [n=89], and 46–55 years [n=176]). Immunogenicity and safety were assessed up to 18 months after vaccination. Results: At 18 months, 100% of subjects remained seropositive for both antigens in all age groups. For HPV-16, GMCs were 2,220.1 in women 15–25, 1,276.9 in women 26–35, 905.6 in women 36–45, and 809.0 in women 46–55. For HPV-18, GMCs were 828.2 in women 15–25, 441.8 in women 26–35, 289.7 in women 36–45, and 275.5 in women 46–55. In women over 25, GMCs tended to be higher in those initially seropositive. In the oldest age group, HPV-16 and HPV-18 GMCs remained at least 10-fold higher than natural infection levels reported in another study.The HPV-16/18 AS04 vaccine was well tolerated among all age groups. Conclusions: The HPV-16/18 AS04 vaccine candidate was highly immunogenic and well-tolerated. As with other vaccines, an age- dependent decrease in GMCs was observed, but GMCs remained substantially higher than natural infection levels previously reported in women 15–25. More importantly, GMCs at month 18 for women over 25 remained in the same range as GMCs observed in another study in women 15- 25 that were associated with sustained efficacy up to 4.5 years. Thus, in women up to age 55, an HPV-16/18 AS04 vaccine may protect against new infections with oncogenic HPV types that can cause cervical cancer. [Table: see text]