Prevalence Of Ocular Symptoms Research Articles

Congenital insensitivity to pain associated with PRDM12 mutation: Two case reports and a literature review.

Background: PRDM12 is a newly discovered gene responsible for congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP). Its clinical manifestations are various and not widely known. Methods: The clinical data of two infants diagnosed with CIP associated with PRDM12 mutation were collected. A literature review was performed, and the clinical characteristics of 20 cases diagnosed with a mutation of PRDM12 were summarized and analyzed. Results: Two patients had pain insensitivity, tongue and lip defects, and corneal ulcers. The genomic analysis results showed that variants of PRDM12 were detected in the two families. The case 1 patient carried heterozygous variations of c.682+1G > A and c.502C > T (p.R168C), which were inherited from her father and mother, respectively. We enrolled 22 patients diagnosed with CIP through a literature review together with our cases. There were 16 male (72.7%) and 6 female (27.3%) patients. The age of onset ranged from 6 months to 57years. The prevalence of clinic manifestation was 14 cases with insensitivity to pain (63.6%), 19 cases with self-mutilation behaviors (86.4%), 11 cases with tongue and lip defects (50%), 5 cases with mid-facial lesions (22.7%), 6 cases with distal phalanx injury (27.3%), 11 cases of recurrent infection (50%), 3 cases (13.6%) with anhidrosis, and 5 cases (22.7%) with global developmental delay. The prevalence of ocular symptoms was 11 cases (50%) with reduced tear secretion, 6 cases (27.3%) with decreased corneal sensitivity, 7 cases (31.8%) with disappeared corneal reflexes, 5.5 cases (25%, 0.5 indicated a single eye) with corneal opacity, 5 cases (22.7%) with corneal ulceration, and 1 case (4.5%) with a corneal scar. Conclusion: The syndrome caused by PRDM12 mutation is a clinically distinct and diagnosable disease that requires joint multidisciplinary management to control the development of the disease and minimize the occurrence of complications.

Awareness and Predominance of Blue Light Related Visual Problems Among Undergraduate Medical Students

Background:As students spend more time for online class sessions by using computer, they get more prone toblue light exposure.Visual problems among the university students can have an adverse impact on their educational and employment opportunities.The aim of this study is to investigate the blue light exposure and visual problems among the undergraduate university students. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in a private medical school in the Kedah state, Malaysia. Total of 200 students from pre-clinical years were taken as sample by convenient sampling method.A self-administered structured questionnaire was used, and the data were computerized and analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22. Results: The prevalence of refractive error was 66.6% and the highest problem was short sightedness with astigmatism. Sufficient awareness towards eye problems was noticed among the respondents. More than 90% of the students showed satisfactory knowledge related to the harmful effects of blue light.Dry eyes and recent headache were associated to fluorescent light. Recent visual complaints were depending on computer exposure whilerecent headache was related to mobile use. Worsening of eye problems and computer or projector exposure were found to be associated. Conclusion: Our study highlights the constrained awareness among novice medical students regarding ocular health. We carefully discerned the pattern of blue light exposure and the prevalence of ocular symptoms and refractive errors in the studied population. Recommendations for further research that can help improve eye health were suggested.

A study on ocular symptomatology and clinical profile of coronavirus disease-19 positive patients admitted at a tertiary care institute in South India

Purpose: To study the ocular symptomatology and clinical profile of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) positive patients admitted at a tertiary care institute. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was conducted on 200 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive confirmed COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care institute from September 2020 to October 2020. Ocular and systemic history was collected from the patients, clinical findings and investigation values were noted and analyzed. Results: Out of 200 COVID-19 positive patients in our study, 54% of the patients were graded as mild COVID-19 cases, 34% of the patients were graded as moderate, and 12% of the patients were graded as severe COVID-19 cases. The prevalence of ocular symptoms was 10.5%. Burning sensation of the eyes was the most common ocular symptom. A higher occurrence of ocular symptoms was observed in febrile patients and it was found to be statistically significant. The ocular symptoms worsened with a rise in temperature. Conclusion: Our study reveals that in COVID-19 positive patients, the most common systemic symptom was fever and the most common ocular symptom was burning sensation. In most of the cases, ocular symptoms appeared before or with the appearance of systemic symptoms. Most ocular symptoms were either mild or moderate grade. Ocular symptoms were higher in febrile patients with the severity increasing during febrile period in most patients. With this, we need to consider all patients coming to the outpatient department with complaints of burning sensation of eyes, eye pain and red eye as possible COVID-19 cases, and do due diligent workup.

Online classes in Indian schools during COVID 19 pandemic- Effect on ocular health

There is increased onscreen time and restricted outdoor activity of Indian school children during COVID19 pandemic lockdown. We investigated the effect of online classes on ocular health of school children and any associated risk factors. Online questionnaire-based survey using Google forms on students of class 5-12 of schools of Delhi. 488 responses were included in the study. Questions based on demographic characteristics, class, type of devices and pattern of usage for online classes, spectacle use, ocular symptoms suggestive of computer vision syndrome (headache, ocular pain, blurred vision, redness, itching and burning of eyes) were asked and responses noted. Student suffering from any ocular disease except refractive error were excluded. Excel spread sheet was used for data analysis. The prevalence of ocular symptoms and type of device used were expressed as percentage. With the CI of 95% the significance level was considered as P <0.05. The main outcome was symptoms of eyestrain arising due to online classes. 488 students from Class 5 to 12 responded (98.7% response rate). Mean age was 14years.Total prevalence of ocular symptoms was 64.34% (313 students, P< 0.0001). Smart phone was the commonest device used for online classes (78.27%). 247 out of 382 smartphone users (64.65%, P<0.0001) had ocular symptoms. 163 students who had refractive errors 61.9% of them had significant symptoms.Digitalization has helped in continuing school education during pandemic. However, it’s effect on ocular health of children is a major challenge. Reforms are needed in the school curriculum to minimize the exposure and long-term collateral impact of COVID-19.

Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Purpose of ReviewStudies have reported ocular involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with SARS-CoV-2 having been detected in ocular swab samples. This has implicated the eye as a portal of transmission. The aim of this systemic review is to summarise and discuss the current literature regarding ocular involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19.Recent FindingsIn this systematic review, the prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs was low (from 0 to 31.58%) and conjunctivitis was a relatively rare occurrence. The rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples was low as well and this ranged from 0 to 11.11%. The development of ocular symptoms and signs was not always accompanied by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples. The opposite was described as well. This may reflect issues related to the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and of the study design. Nonetheless, the nature of research in a pandemic is that conclusions can change as more information is obtained.SummaryWhilst the eye is unlikely to be a main transmission route, we need to consider the possibilities of conjunctivitis as a presenting complaint and of the eye playing a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we need to take the appropriate precautions in our practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the viral tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the eyes.

Prevalence of Ocular Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: Korean Multicenter Study

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is often accompanied by multiple ocular symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ocular symptoms and the impact of ocular symptoms on the quality of life in patients with AR. One thousand one hundred seventy-four patients with AR were enrolled from 24 centers in Korea. They were classified into four groups according to the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guideline and also classified into perennial AR (PAR) and seasonal AR groups. All patients were asked to complete the questionnaire regarding the presence of ocular symptoms, such as eye itching, watery eyes, and red eyes. The correlation between ocular symptoms and the rest of the quality-of-life areas in the Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-RQLQ) was also asked. Seven hundred nineteen (61.2%) of 1174 patients had ocular symptoms. In detail, the numbers of patients with eye itching, watery eyes, red eyes, and other ocular symptoms were 605 (51.5%), 313 (26.7%), 207 (17.6%), and 66 (5.6%), respectively. Female patients (72.5%) complained of ocular symptoms more commonly than male patients (55.1%). The patients with moderate-severe persistent AR showed the highest prevalence of ocular symptoms. The correlation coefficients between ocular symptoms and the rest of the quality-of-life areas in the Mini-RQLQ were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Sixty-one percent of Korean AR patients experienced ocular symptoms. The patients who were women and had PAR and more severe AR showed higher prevalence of ocular symptoms. The ocular symptoms might have a significant impact on the quality of life in patients with AR.

Prevalence of Ocular Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: Korean Multicenter Study

Prevalence of Ocular Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: Korean Multicenter Study

A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K.

Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09% to 22%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before. In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls. Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region. We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase. We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.

LAMBERT-EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME WITH PURE OCULAR WEAKNESS

Rudnicki described a patient with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) who presented with isolated ocular weakness.1 We agree with the author that this rare presentation of LEMS might be confused with purely ocular seronegative myasthenia. However, we want to stress that the absence of ocular weakness is a more frequent cause of failure to diagnose LEMS. Proximal leg weakness without ptosis or diplopia is frequently not recognized as a neuromuscular transmission disorder. Rudnicki states that the prevalence of ocular symptoms in LEMS shows a wide range (0 to 65%).2,3 However, this is probably due to observer bias. Wirtz et al.2 studied the initial symptoms at disease onset, whereas Burns et al.3 described the symptoms present at diagnosis (median 8 months). …

LAMBERT-EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME WITH PURE OCULAR WEAKNESS

Rudnicki described a patient with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) who presented with isolated ocular weakness.1 We agree with the author that this rare presentation of LEMS might be confused with purely ocular seronegative myasthenia. However, we want to stress that the absence of ocular weakness is a more frequent cause of failure to diagnose LEMS. Proximal leg weakness without ptosis or diplopia is frequently not recognized as a neuromuscular transmission disorder. Rudnicki states that the prevalence of ocular symptoms in LEMS shows a wide range (0 to 65%).2,3 However, this is probably due to observer bias. Wirtz et al.2 studied the initial symptoms at disease onset, whereas Burns et al.3 described the symptoms present at diagnosis (median 8 months). …