Prevalence Of Obstructive Airway Disease Research Articles

A study on association of obstructive airway disease in previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and obstructive airway disease are of growing concern in a developing country akin to India. A considerable number of TB patients develop post-tubercular respiratory disease. There are few Indian studies assessing the relationship between antecedents of PTB and COPD. PTB has a considerable impact on quality of life. To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to evaluate the impact of post TB obstructive airway disease on QOL using SGRQ-C. A prospective, observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care health centre over six months, enrolling 116 study subjects who met the inclusion criteria included after acquiring Informed consent. Study subjects had been categorized primarily based on prior history of PTB. Therefore, this study involved two groups of study subjects, PTB associated COPD and COPD. Subjects were assessed for PFT through the aid of MIR Spirobank smart App and QOL using SGRQ-C scale. Of 116 patients, 19(22.6%) women and 65(77.4%) men and 5(15.6%) women and 27(84.4%) men were diagnosed as PTB associated COPD and COPD respectively. Dyspnea and cough with sputum were the most common symptoms presented by 76(94.04%) and 62(71.42%) patients respectively. The effect of airflow limitation (FEV1) was slightly increased in PTB associated COPD patients (25.65%) compared to COPD patients (26.4%) and study endpoint showed noteworthy decrease in QOL of PTB associated COPD(72%) patients compared to COPD(66.4%). PTB-associated COPD constitutes a significant proportion of COPD within clinical setting. It is an independent risk factor for OAD in extensive TB burden countries. The results indicated that early diagnosis, appropriate management and control of TB are as critical as smoking cessation for reducing OAD. Early identification of Post tubercular COPD and early initiation of treatment in these patients improve the QOL and reduces morbidity and mortality.

The Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease by Spirometric Indices in Nonsmoker Patients with Catheter-Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obstructive airway disease (OAD) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patient's using spirometric indices. Patients and Methods: The prospective study was conducted between June 2014 and June 2015. Patients admitted to the intensive coronary care unit having a proven diagnosis of CAD (single or multiple vessel disease) on coronary angiography were undergone spirometry examination. Results: This study included a total of 80 patients of proven CAD. Sixty-one patients were male and 19 were female. The mean age of the cases was 59.29 years. In our study, 37.5% had triple-vessel disease, 33.8% had double-vessel disease, and remaining 28.8% had single-vessel disease. Eighteen patients (22.5%) were found to have OAD. On comparison of severity of OAD with the severity of CAD, no statistically significant association was found. Conclusion: It is imperative to carry out inexpensive investigations such as spirometry in all the patients with CAD so that both the conditions can be managed adequately with better outcomes.

Prevalence and Types of Pulmonary Disability in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reϑlux Disease (GERD)

GERD is found to be one of the risk factors for various pulmonary disorders, like Obstructive Airway Disease, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Interstitial Lung Diseases either directly or as a confounding factor. Due to higher Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in GERD patients, early diagnosis and Appropriate management can control disease progression and outcome of both conditions. GERD is found to be one of the risk factors for many pulmonary diseases, especially Obstructive Airway Disease, either directly or as a confounding factor and Data on the severity of OAD in symptomatically and endoscopically proven GERD patients are limited in the Indian population, This learning was undertaken to find out the pervasiveness of pulmonary diseases in patients with proven Gastro Esophageal Reflux Diseases (GERD) and to find out the correlation of Symptoms of GERD and Endoscopic finding findings of GERD with the severity of Obstructive Airway Disease using Spirometric Parameters. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, typically categorized by persistent airway infection. It is described with the aid of the history of breathing symptoms together with wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough that vary over time and in intensity, collectively with mutable expiratory airflow restriction. This study focuses on studying the occurrence and types of pulmonary disability in patients with GERD in a tertiary care hospital and on correlating the Symptoms and Endoscopic findings of GERD with the severity of Obstructive Airway Disease as assessed by Spirometric Parameters.

To Study the Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients of OSA Diagnosed by Polysomnography

Aim: To study the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in patient of OSA diagnosed by polysomnography. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional and was carried out in patients admitted in the department of Respiratory Medicine who were diagnosed with OSA after polysomnography. Total 41 patients who were diagnosed as cases of obstructive sleep apnea were clinically evaluated and investigated by history taking and final diagnosis were made as either COPD, Asthma on basis of GOLD and GINA guidelines respectively. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 50.95 years. Prevalence of Asthma and COPD among cases with OSA was 58.5% and 14.6%.Mean AHI and ESS score was 42.45 and 16.80 respectively. The most common co-morbid condition was GERD (19.5%). Conclusion: Present study concluded that asthma is more prevalent than COPD in patients of obstructive sleep apnea. The main factors associated with Obstructive lung diseases and its pathogenesis is the obesity, hypertension, smoking habits, adenoids, tonsillitis, musculoskeletal changes, weakness and atrophy of muscles of upper respiratory tract.

Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension

Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension

263 The risk of redemption of asthma pharmaceuticals among welders: a nationwide follow-up study

ObjectivesThe purpose was to examine if stainless steel and mild steel welding confers an increased risk of bronchial asthma.MethodsA Danish national company-based historical cohort of 5,499 ever-welders and 1,514 never-welders...

Comments: Prevalence of obstructive airway diseases by spirometric indices in non-smoker subjects with IHD and HTN

Comments: Prevalence of obstructive airway diseases by spirometric indices in non-smoker subjects with IHD and HTN

Prevalence of obstructive airway disease by spirometric indices in non-smoker subjects with IHD and HTN

Background:Recent studies have found that there is a strong association between ischemic heart disease (IHD) and hypertension (HTN) with spirometric indices.Aims:To study the prevalence of obstructive airway disease (OAD) in non-smoker subjects with IHD and HTN and to compare them with healthy population.Settings and Design:This was a prospective, case–control, and observational study.Subjects and Methods:A total of 100 patients (cases) (n = 100) admitted in medicine department were recruited for this study. Controls (n = 100) were apparently healthy age- and sex-matched without HTN and IHD, recruited from March 2007 to July 2008. All eligible subjects were subjected to spirometric examination on a turbine-based spirometer (MIR spirolab-II) according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio <70% was used to make a diagnosis of OAD.Statistical Analysis Used:All analyses were carried out using Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences trial version (SPSS 10 version).Results:Out of 100 cases, 18 were with FEV1/FVC ratio <70% (OAD) and 82 had >70% FEV1/FVC ratio. Out of 100 controls, 2 were with FEV1/FVC ratio <70% (OAD) and 98 had >70% FEV1/FVC ratio. Eleven patients out of 66 from the case population with HTN had FEV1/FVC ratio <70% (Odds ratio 8.044). Prevalence of OAD in the hypertensive individuals was 16.66%. Twelve patients out of 62 from the case population with IHD had FEV1/FVC ratio <70% (Odds ratio of 9.333). Prevalence of OAD in the IHD individuals was 19.35%. In multiple correlation results for case population, when pulmonary function test variables were correlated with various dependant (age) and independent variables [HTN, IHD, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)], they were significantly reduced (P = 0.00017). In multivariate analysis (MANOVA), spirometric variables like FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, FVC, forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25–75%, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared with factors like IHD, HTN, and covariates like age and BMI. We found that systolic blood pressure (SBP; P = 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.05), height (P = 0.05), weight (P = 0.042), and IHD (P = 0.0001) were strongly associated with reduced pulmonary functions like FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, and FVC. The presence of IHD and HTN were independently associated with the presence of OAD.Conclusions:This study highlights the increased prevalence of OAD amongst patients with IHD and HTN. Patients with IHD and HTN should routinely undergo inexpensive investigations like spirometry to detect the presence of underlying OAD.

Prevalence of obstructive airway disease among self-reporting county and state fair attendees in Iowa

Rationale The increased incidence and mortality of asthma have been attributed to the “hygiene hypothesis”. Another contributing factor could be related to a lack of recognition of symptoms by patients and providers. Here we report the incidence of asthma in fair attendees who stopped by asthma screening booths. Methods From July 2000 through July 2003, eight screening sessions were held at both local (Johnson County, IA) and state fairs (Des Moines, IA). During these sessions, volunteers performed spirometry and filled out a questionnaire. Results Of 525 volunteers (28 were ≤7 years-old, 122 were 8-14 years-old, and 375 were ≥15 years-old), 112 (21.3%) (Males=40/Females=72) reported that they had been previously diagnosed with asthma. Of these, 17 (15.2%) (Males=10/Females=7) had an FEV1 ≤75% predicted. Of these 17, 13 were treated by a primary care physician, 2 by an allergist, and 2 reported no treating physician. Of the 95 volunteers with asthma history and normal FEV1, 48% were treated by a primary care physician, 36% reported no treating physician, 8% were treated by an allergist, and 5% by a pulmonologist. Of the remaining 413 people who had no previous diagnosis of asthma, 56 (13.6%) (Males=25/Females=31) had an FEV1 ≤75% predicted. We found a total incidence of obstructive airway disease in this population, as defined by an FEV1 <75% predicted, to be 13.9%. Conclusions Based on this population of self-reporting fair attendees, a large percentage had potentially undiagnosed asthma as well as asthma that was poorly controlled.

Prevalence and Correlates of Airway Obstruction in a Community-Based Sample of Adults

Virtually all the information available on the prevalence of obstructive airway disease is from Western countries. There are no data from Korea, and reports from other regions of Asia are poorly documented. To evaluate the prevalence and correlates of airway obstruction in a community-based setting in Korea. A cross-sectional, population-based study. Ansan City, near Seoul, South Korea. A sample of 1,160 community-dwelling men and women aged >or= 18 years (73.1% of the men and 4.1% of the women were either current or former smokers). Subjects underwent physical examinations following a standardized protocol. Data on demographic and health-related factors also were collected. Pulmonary function testing was administered according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations. The prevalence of airway obstruction was 10.3% (men, 17%; women, 5.6%) by ATS criteria. Ninety percent of the cases of airway obstruction were mild in degree. Twenty percent of male current smokers had airway obstruction. After adjusting for age, gender, and alcohol consumption, the odds of disease was 3.2 times greater in subjects who had smoked for >or= 20 pack-years vs never smokers (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 6.2). The adjusted odds of disease were 4.3-fold higher in subjects >or= 45 years of age vs those who were younger (95% CI, 2.6 to 7.0). Since airway obstruction is strongly related to age and smoking, the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in countries like Korea, where the population is rapidly aging and cigarette smoking is on the rise among younger individuals (particularly among women), can be expected to increase. Further efforts to diagnose early obstructive airway disease and to prevent or delay its onset should be emphasized as a major public health concern.

Higher prevalence of obstructive airway disease in patients with thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background and Aim: The risk factors of aortic aneurysm (AA) are comparable with those described for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was performed to determine whether patients with AA have a higher than average prevalence of obstructive airway disease. Methods: We performed pulmonary function tests in 240 consecutive patients (182 men and 58 women; age, 70 ± 10 years) with thoracic or abdominal AA. The results were compared with those in individuals without obvious cardiovascular disease (control) and in patients with coronary artery disease who were matched for age, gender, smoking status, and other atherosclerotic risk factors. Results: Patients in the AA group had a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (%) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (%/predicted value) than did the control group ( P < .01). The proportion of patients with airway obstruction, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity of 70% or less, was higher in the AA group (100/240; 42%) than in the control (51/223; 23%) and coronary artery disease (43/238; 18%) groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the presence of an AA and male gender were associated with a higher risk of airway obstruction (odds ratio, 2.928; 95% CI, 1.722 to 4.979; and odds ratio, 1.622; 95% CI, 1.055 to 2.493, respectively). Conclusion: These data suggest that AA may be a risk factor indicative of the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A higher prevalence of depressed pulmonary function should be suspected as a preoperative risk in presence of thoracic or abdominal AA as compared with other types of cardiovascular disorders. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:35-40.)

The Prevalence of COPD: Using Smoking Rates to Estimate Disease Frequency in the General Population

To develop and validate a model based on smoking rates that will provide reliable estimates of the true prevalence of COPD that include both clinically detected and undetected patients. Model based on literature review. Age- and gender-specific rates of lung impairment by smoking status were applied to US smoking data. Resultant estimates were compared to the actual prevalence of obstructive airway disease as estimated by US national surveys. The model then was applied to estimate the prevalence of COPD in several European countries, where national data on undiagnosed lung disease do not exist. The model was adapted from both a literature review and health-care data, and the analysis was applied to the United States and Europe. Using smoking rates, we estimate from our model that 15.3 million people who are > 40 years of age in the United States have COPD. The prevalence estimate, based on spirometric definitions for COPD in the same age group using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), is 17.1 million people. NHANES III and other US national health-care surveys further suggest that only between 2.4 and 7 million people actually have COPD diagnosed; thus, the proportion of COPD that is currently being diagnosed in the United States is between 14% and 46% of all cases. Using smoking rates and our model, which was developed and validated for the United States, we calculated the prevalence of COPD for Germany (2.7 million people), the United Kingdom (3.0 million people), Spain (1.5 million people), Italy (2.6 million people), and France (2.6 million people) in those people > 45 years of age. Smoking rates appear to provide a useful method of estimating current COPD prevalence in those countries where more objective data are unavailable. These results are important because recognition of the true burden of disease and corresponding efforts to increase early identification of COPD can help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with COPD in populations at risk.

Effects on the lung function of exposure to carbon black dusts. Results of a study carried out on 677 members of staff of the DEGUSSA factory in Kalscheuren/Germany.

Spirometry, full-bodyplethysmography, and inhalation challenge tests are the most frequently used methods for lung function testing. In all, 677 examinations were performed among exposed employees at the Degussa carbon black plant in Kalscheuren/Germany using the above mentioned methods, in order to detect whether there is a measurable impact of carbon black fine dust on pulmonary function, or a higher prevalence of obstructive air-way diseases among the study candidates, and whether fine dust exposure is related to the prevalence of bronchial hyperresposiveness. Within the smokers' group carbon black dust exposure reveals a (minimal) impact upon the lung function of the study subjects. However, the impact of fine dust exposure within that group is less significant than the influence of smoking on pulmonary function. Nevertheless, smokers are displaying significant more frequently signs of obstructive airway diseases compared with nonsmokers. In the smokers' group we found 7.3% of study subjects with signs of obstructive airway diseases compared with 3.9% in the group of nonsmokers. No significant impact of fine dust exposure on lung function could be detected within former- and nonsmokers. The overall percentage of 5.1% is not higher than that of subjects with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in other comparable studies.

Differences in utilisation of asthma drugs between two neighbouring Swedish provinces: relation to prevalence of obstructive airway disease.

Considerable variation exists in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in different counties in Sweden. The reasons for this variation are unknown. A study was performed to determine if there is an association between sales of antiasthmatic drugs and the prevalence of obstructive airway diseases in two adjoining Swedish counties. The prevalence of asthma-associated symptoms in the county of Jämtland where there is high drug use, and the county of Gävleborg where it is lower, was assessed in 1990 by a postal questionnaire answered by 11,300 subjects. Three age groups were included: all 16 year olds, 13% of those aged 30-39 years, and 13% of 60-69 year olds. A total of 2100 subjects reporting airway symptoms in a questionnaire and 450 asymptomatic controls were further investigated at an interview with lung function tests and, in 500 cases, with a methacholine challenge. Asthma was diagnosed in subjects reporting a typical history or repeated episodes of dyspnoea and wheezing, or dry cough combined with reversibility in FEV1, variability in peak expiratory flow, or a PC20 value of < or = 4 mg/ml. The prevalence of current asthma was close to 8% in all age groups in Jämtland and significantly lower (close to 6%) in all age groups in the warmer, more industrialised and more densely populated county of Gävleborg. A gender difference with a higher prevalence in women was found in Gävleborg but not in Jämtland. There was no significant difference in the use of inhaled beta 2 stimulants among subjects with asthma in the two counties. Inhaled steroids were used more often in Jämtland. However, they were used regularly by fewer than 10% of asthmatic subjects in the two younger age groups. The differences in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in these two counties reflect a difference in the prevalence of obstructive airway disease.

Trends in COPD morbidity and mortality in Tecumseh, Michigan.

Trends in COPD morbidity and mortality were investigated among the population of Tecumseh, Michigan, for the period 1959 to 1987. COPD was mentioned on the death certificates of 11% (102) of deceased men and 13% (24) of deceased women. Forty-one percent of these deaths was attributed to COPD as the underlying cause and the remainder to COPD as a contributory cause. Usage of diagnostic terms changed during the course of the study; emphysema was mentioned on 81% of certificates completed prior to 1968, whereas COPD was entered on 77% of the certificates written after 1978. Proportional mortality rates of COPD increased from 8% during 1959 to 1967 to 13.3% during 1979 to 1987 among men, and from 2.7% during the earlier years to 4.3% during the later years among women. Death rates for COPD and for all causes combined increased among men from the early 1960s to the late 1970s, then declined. Death rates for all causes combined were stable among women, but COPD death rates may have increased. Prevalence rates for chronic bronchitis were lower at the third examination than at the second in both sexes. Prevalence of obstructive airway disease was highest at the first and lower at the second and third examinations in men but not in women. Agreement between study diagnoses of COPD and entry of COPD on death certificates was poor. COPD was recorded on the death certificate for only 21% of men and only 6% of women who had COPD diagnosed at a study examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)