Prevalence Of Nuclear Cataract Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cataract, Cataract Surgery and Postoperative Outcome in an Old Population in Russia: The Ural Very Old Study

PurposeTo assess prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in a very old population in Russia. DesignPopulation-based study. ParticipantsThe Ural Very Old Study included 1526 (81.1%) participants out of 1882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. MethodsBased on anterior and posterior segment imaging, we assessed the prevalence of cataract, cataract surgery and other ocular disorders affecting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Main outcome measuresPrevalence of cataract and cataract surgery. ResultsThe study included 1163 (76.3%) individuals with lens information. Cataract surgery had been performed in 469 right eyes (41.0%;95%CI:38.1,43.9) (92.1% with posterior chamber IOL; 4.7% with multifocal IOL) and 479 left eyes (41.6%;95%CI:38.7,44.4) (92.7% with posterior chamber IOL; 4.2% with multifocal IOL). Among the 1163 study participants, 610 (52.5%) individuals had undergone cataract surgery in at least one eye. Higher prevalence of previous cataract surgery correlated (multivariable analysis) with lower IOP (OR:0.92;95%CI:0.88,0.95;P<0.001), glaucomatous optic nerve damage stage (OR:1.20;95%CI:1.05,1.36;P=0.006), and better visual acuity (OR:0.67;95%CI:0.51,0.89;P=0.005). Postoperative BCVA (mean:0.83±1.43logMAR) was reduced to moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI) in 202 eyes (44.6%;95%CI:40.0,49.2) and to blindness in 53 eyes (11.7%;95%CI:8.7,14.7). Causes of postoperative MSVI were age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (34.2%), glaucoma (13.9%), and secondary cataract (5.4%). Causes for blindness were AMD (24.5%), glaucoma (18.9%), corneal opacifications (15.8%) and myopic macular degeneration (11.3%). YAG-laser capsulotomy had been performed in 6 (1.3%) out 469 right eyes after cataract surgery and in 12 (2.5%) out of 479 left eyes after cataract surgery. Prevalence of nuclear cataract and cortical cataract was 604/671 (90.0% in phakic eyes 51.9% in the whole study population) and 97.9% eyes (48.4% in total study population). Cataract caused bilateral MSVI and blindness in 28.2% (95%CI:25.6,30) and 2.9% (95%CI:1.9,3.9), respectively, of all study participants. ConclusionsDespite a relatively high prevalence of cataract surgery, this multiethnic cohort aged 85+ years from Russia showed a high prevalence of cataract-related MSVI and blindness, due to the old age of the participants. After cataract surgery, main causes for MSVI (prevalence:44.6%) and blindness (prevalence:11.7%) were AMD, glaucoma, corneal opacifications, and myopic macular degeneration. Almost all individuals aged 85+ years need cataract surgery, despite limited chance of postoperative good vision.

Hand grip strength and ocular associations: The Ural eye and medical study

AbstractPurpose: To explore associations between the hand grip strength (HGS) and ocular parameters and diseases.Methods: Participants of the population‐based Ural Eye and Medical Study, including 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years, underwent systemic and ophthalmological examinations including dynamometric HGS measurement.Results: The study included 5381 (90.4%) individuals (age: 58.6 ± 10.6 years; range: 40–94 years) with HGS measurements. Higher HGS (mean: 30.6 ± 11.7 dekaNewton) correlated (multivariable analysis) with better visual acuity (beta: 0.02; p = 0.02), longer ocular axial length (beta: 0.03; p = 0.003), higher intraocular pressure (beta: 0.03; p = 0.001), thicker peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (beta: 0.03; p = 0.001), and lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (beta: −0.03; p = 0.007), after adjusting for younger age, male sex, Russian ethnicity, higher body height and waist‐hip ratio, higher educational level, higher physical total score, lower smoking package years, higher serum concentration of haemoglobin, higher prothrombin index, lower leucocyte cell count, lower prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, lower depression score, and lower arthritis prevalence. In that model, HGS was not correlated with the prevalence of nuclear cataract (p = 0.38), cortical cataract (p = 0.67), subcapsular posterior cataract (p = 0.50), open‐angle glaucoma (p = 0.22), or angle‐closure glaucoma (p = 0.27).Conclusions: In addition to parameters such as lower physical activity, higher depression score and worse general health status, a reduced HGS is associated with visual impairment, shorter axial length, lower intraocular pressure, thicker peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, and higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. HGS dynamometry or a handshake may give additional clinical information for the ophthalmologist about the general health and ocular parameters of the patient.

Hand grip strength and ocular associations: the Ural Eye and Medical Study

PurposeTo explore the associations between hand grip strength (HGS) and ocular parameters and diseases.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.MethodsParticipants of the Ural Eye and Medical Study, including 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible...

Effect of a Lens Protein in Low-Temperature Culture of Novel Immortalized Human Lens Epithelial Cells (iHLEC-NY2).

The prevalence of nuclear cataracts was observed to be significantly higher among residents of tropical and subtropical regions compared to those of temperate and subarctic regions. We hypothesized that elevated environmental temperatures may pose a risk of nuclear cataract development. The results of our in silico simulation revealed that in temperate and tropical regions, the human lens temperature ranges from 35.0 °C to 37.5 °C depending on the environmental temperature. The medium temperature changes during the replacement regularly in the cell culture experiment were carefully monitored using a sensor connected to a thermometer and showed a decrease of 1.9 °C, 3.0 °C, 1.7 °C, and 0.1 °C, after 5 min when setting the temperature of the heat plate device at 35.0 °C, 37.5 °C, 40.0 °C, and 42.5 °C, respectively. In the newly created immortalized human lens epithelial cell line clone NY2 (iHLEC-NY2), the amounts of RNA synthesis of αA crystallin, protein expression, and amyloid β (Aβ)1-40 secreted into the medium were increased at the culture temperature of 37.5 °C compared to 35.0 °C. In short-term culture experiments, the secretion of Aβ1-40 observed in cataracts was increased at 37.5 °C compared to 35.0 °C, suggesting that the long-term exposure to a high-temperature environment may increase the risk of cataracts.

Global and regional prevalence of age-related cataract: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of our study was to estimate regional and global cataract prevalence, its prevalence in different age groups, and the determinants of heterogeneity and its prevalence. For that, we used international databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and other sources of information to conduct a systematic search for all articles concerning the prevalence of age-related cataract and its types in different age groups. Of the 9922 identified articles, 45 studies with a sample size of 161,947 were included in the analysis, and most of them were from the Office for the Western Pacific Region (19 studies). Age- standardized pooled prevalence estimate (ASPPE) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of any cataract, cortical cataract, nuclear cataract, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract were 17.20% (13.39-21.01), 8.05% (4.79-11.31), 8.22% (4.93-11.52), and 2.24% (1.41-3.07), respectively. Significant effects on heterogeneity were observed for the WHO region in the prevalence of any cataract (b: 6.30; p: 0.005) and study year in the prevalence of nuclear cataract (b: -0.66, p: 0.042). In general, the prevalence of cataract not only varies by region but also by age group, and most cases are over the age of 60 years. We examined the sources of variance in the prevalence of cataract and its different types, and identified age as a responsible factor in the prevalence of any cataract, cortical cataract, nuclear cataract, and PSC of cataract, WHO region in the prevalence of any cataract, and study year in the prevalence of nuclear cataract.

Влияние реабилитационных мероприятий на когнитивную дисфункцию пациентов старших возрастных категорий после хирургического лечения ядерной катаракты

Background. The high prevalence of nuclear cataracts in older age groups is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in cognitive abilities as a result of this ophthalmic disease, and other General somatic polymorbid pathology. Aim. To study the cognitive abilities of elderly and senile patients with nuclear cataracts during medical rehabilitation. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions, 68 elderly and senile patients with nuclear cataract underwent femtolaser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and in the postoperative period, medical and non-drug rehabilitation was performed (the main group). The control group con-sisted of 65 patients with nuclear cataract of the same age who also underwent the above-mentioned surgery without rehabilitation measures. The MMSE scale was used to assess cognitive impairment. Results. 9 months after surgical treatment, the cognitive status of patients in the main group improved from 17.4±0.2 to 20.7±0.3 points (p&gt;0.05). Moderate initial cognitive dysfunction in patients of the main group changed to mild after 9 months, while in the control group it remained the same. At the same time, the proportion of patients with moderate cognitive impairment decreased significantly in the main group from 61.71±5.9% before rehabilitation to 13.2±4.1% after it was completed, and the number of patients with no cognitive deficit increased (p&lt;0.001). In the control group, the number of patients with moderate cognitive impairment decreased from 60.0±6.0 to 46.2±6.2% (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion. The implementation of rehabilitation measures in the postoperative period helps to improve the cognitive status of older patients with nuclear ca-taracts.

Prevalence and Prognosis of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in Western India.

To investigate the prevalence and reconnoiter treatment modalities for Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma (PXG) in subjects with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PXF) in a rural scenario of western India. A prospective prevalence study. Occurrence of PXG in 250 subjects with PXF was studied in the Department of Glaucoma, Shri Ganapati Netralaya, Jalna, India, from 2009 to 2011. The subject pool presented with PXF, having intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥ 20 mm of Hg, and evidencing optic nerve damage and abnormal visual fields were judiciously selected as PXG cohorts. A decision table is formulated to assist the physician in rendering medical or surgical treatment options. The prevalence of PXG increased with increasing age at 30% (95% CI: 28.56-33.72) in the 60-year-old and older population. It was predominantly higher in cohorts involved in outdoor physical activities at 46% (95% CI: 41.24-52.38). The eminence and prevalence of nuclear cataract in subjects with PXG was 72 % (95% CI: 65.72-76.34). Visual impairment was highly prevalent in 75% (95% CI: 73.43-78.29) and 10% (95% CI: 6.87-13.21) cohorts with PXG and PXF respectively. In general, linear modelling IOP was 26.37±1.64 in subjects with PXG, which was managed to 16.50±1.32 after rendering our adapted treatment protocols. Increased IOP, occludable angles, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy occur more frequently in the population with PXF. It is inferred that that treatment protocol of combined cataract and glaucoma surgery gives maximum reduction in IOP.

Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract in High-Selenium Areas of China

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of age-related cataract in high-selenium areas of China. This is a cross-sectional study of 1,522 persons aged 50 years and more who were selected as a representative sample from the Enshi prefecture in Hubei province. All lenses were graded and classified for opacities by slit lamp after papillary dilation, using the Lens Opacification Classification System II. The age-related cataract patients were 418 cases (33.28%). The prevalence of age-related cataract was 37.2% in women and 26.0% in men. The prevalence of nuclear cataract was 23.7%; cortical cataract was 22.4% and posterior subcapsule cataract was 5.2%. The prevalence of cataract of the 50-59 group was 13.41%; 60-69 group was 42.15%; 70 and over group was 61.9%. The prevalence of age-related cataract in high-selenium areas has not significantly increased; to some extent, the high selenium intake will not become a risk factor for the increase of cataract incidence.

Prevalence of Cataract Type in Relation to Axial Length in Subjects with High Myopia and Emmetropia in an Indian Population

To compare the prevalence of different types and densities of age-related cataract in subjects with high myopia and emmetropia in an Indian urban clinic-based population. Prospective, observational, clinic-based case-control study. An observational case-control study of 800 healthy eyes was undertaken at Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Center, Ahmedabad, India. Subjects with high myopia (axial length [AXL], > or = 26.0 mm; n = 400 eyes) and those with emmetropia (AXL, 21.0 to 23.99 mm) were examined (n = 400 eyes). The type of cataract was categorized as: nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). Nuclear density was measured based on the Emery and Little classification. In all the age groups (40 years of age or more), nuclear cataract was encountered more often in subjects with high myopia (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 5.2; P < .001); PSC and mixed cataracts were encountered frequently in subjects with emmetropia (P < .001). Prevalence of nuclear cataract was higher in subjects with high myopia with increasing AXL when compared with other types of cataract (P < .001). In all the age groups, the nuclear density was significantly higher than grade 3 in subjects with high myopia when compared with those with emmetropia (P < .001 in those younger than 70 years; P = .003 in those older than 70 years). Nuclear cataract was associated strongly with high axial myopia. The density of the cataract was higher in the high myopia group. No association was observed between PSC or cortical cataract and high axial myopia.

Prevalence and risk factors of lens opacities in urban and rural chinese in Beijing

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prevalence of lens opacities in the elderly Chinese population in an urban and a rural region of Beijing. Methods: The study included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%). It was divided into a rural part (1973 (44.4%) subjects) and an urban part (2466 (55.6%) subjects). The study was limited to participants age 40 and older and the mean age was 56.2 ± 10.6 years (range, 40 – 101 years). Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities were assessed based on standardized slit lamp photographs of the lens using a modification of the grading score of the Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Results: Of the 4439 persons examined, 4378 (98.6%) subjects (8724 eyes) provided lens data. Prevalence of any cataract surgery was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 1.7), being statistically independent of gender (p=0.51; odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.34), rural area versus urban region (p=0.25), and level of education (p=0.84). Prevalence of any nuclear lens opacity was 82.0% (95%CI: 80.8, 83.2), of any cortical lens opacity was 10.3% (95%CI: 9.4, 11.3), and of any posterior subcapsular opacity 4.3% (95%CI: 3.7, 4.9). If grade “2” of nuclear lens opacity was considered to be normal, prevalence of nuclear cataract was 50.3% (95%CI: 48.8, 51.8), and the overall prevalence of any cataract was 53.1% (95%CI: 51.6, 54.6), increasing from 6.5% (95%CI, 5.2, 7.8) in those 40 to 49 years old, to 52.3% (95%CI: 47.4, 55.3) in those 50 to 59 years old, and to 97.8% (95%CI: 96.4, 99.2) in those 70 years and older (p&lt;0.001). Frequencies of any cortical cataract and any subcapsular posterior cataract, respectively, were 10.3% (95%CI: 9.4, 11.3), and 4.3% (95%CI: 3.7, 4.9), respectively. Conclusions: Cataract is common among adult Chinese residents in Beijing with age as the most important associated factor. In view of the relatively low rate of cataract surgery performed so far, one may expect a marked increase in the number of cataract surgeries to meet the visual needs of the growing elder population in China.

Correlation between Adult Diabetic Cataracts and Red Blood Cell Aldose Reductase Levels

To investigate the correlation between adult diabetic cataracts and levels of aldose reductase (AR) in red blood cells (RBCs). The study involved 337 eyes of 337 patients with diabetes. The extent and severity of lens opacity was assessed according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). The AR levels within RBCs were determined with an ELISA. The relationship between the AR level in RBCs and the prevalence of nuclear cataract, cortical cataract, and posterior subcapsular cataract in patients with diabetes was examined. There were no significant alterations in AR level in RBCs in patients with a diabetes duration of < or = 10 years and patients < 60 years of age. In each subgroup, a higher amount of AR levels in RBCs significantly correlated with the prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataracts. A significant association between cortical cataract and AR level in RBCs was also seen in a subgroup of patients younger than 60 years. AR emerges as an important factor affecting the onset of posterior subcapsular cataracts at the early stages of diabetes mellitus. This raises the possibility that AR inhibitors could play a useful role in treatment of adult diabetic cataract through its inhibition of AR activities.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lens Opacities in Urban and Rural Chinese in Beijing

To determine the prevalence of lens opacities in the elderly Chinese population in an urban and a rural region of Beijing. Population-based cross-sectional study. The study included 4439 subjects of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate, 83.4%). The subjects were divided into a rural part (1973 subjects [44.4%]) and an urban part (2466 subjects [55.6%]). The study was limited to participants age 40 and older, and the mean age was 56.2+/-10.6 years (range, 40-101 years). Nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular lens opacities were assessed based on standardized slit-lamp photographs of the lens using a modification of the grading score of the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Grading score of the AREDS. Lens data were provided for 4378 subjects (98.6%) of 4439 persons examined, which consisted of 8724 eyes. Prevalence of any cataract surgery was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.7), which was statistically independent of gender (P = 0.51; odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 1.00-1.34), rural area versus urban region (P = 0.25), and level of education (P = 0.84). Prevalence of any nuclear lens opacity was 82.0% (95% CI: 80.8-83.2); prevalence of any cortical lens opacity was 10.3% (95% CI: 9.4-11.3); and prevalence of any posterior subcapsular opacity was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.7-4.9). If grade 2 of nuclear lens opacity was considered to be normal, prevalence of nuclear cataract was 50.3% (95% CI: 48.8-51.8), and the overall prevalence of any cataract was 53.1% (95% CI: 51.6-54.6), increasing from 6.5% (95% CI: 5.2-7.8) in those subjects 40 to 49 years of age to 52.3% (95% CI: 47.4-55.3) in those who were 50 to 59 years of age, and to 97.8% (95% CI: 96.4-99.2) in those 70 years and older (P<0.001). Frequencies of any cortical cataract and any subcapsular posterior cataract were 10.3% (95% CI: 9.4-11.3) and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.7-4.9), respectively. Cataracts are common among adult Chinese residents in Beijing, with age as the most important associated factor. In view of the relatively low rate of cataract surgery performed so far, one may expect a marked increase in the number of cataract surgeries to meet the visual needs of the growing elderly population in China.

Plasma fibrinogen and other cardiovascular disease risk factors and cataract

PURPOSE. To determine whether associations exist between cataract and established cardiovascular risk factors (other than smoking) – hypertension, body mass index, serum lipids and plasma fibrinogen. METHODS. The Blue Mountains Eye Study is a large (n=3654) population-based cross-sectional study conducted among people aged 49-97 years residing in the Blue Mountains, a region west of Sydney, Australia. Risk factor data were collected using standardised clinical procedures. Lens photographs were taken and graded for presence and severity of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. RESULTS. Cortical cataract was associated with a history of myocardial infarction, higher plasma fibrinogen, and higher serum cholesterol. Nuclear cataract was associated with a higher platelet count but hypertension was associated with lower prevalence of nuclear cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with higher plasma fibrinogen and lower body mass index. Some of these associations appeared to be stronger in women than in men: fibrinogen and cortical cataract and body mass index and posterior subcapsular cataract. CONCLUSIONS. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease are associated with presence of cataract, perhaps explaining the observation in several studies that people with cataract have increased mortality rates. The possibility of strong associations between plasma fibrinogen and cataract merits further epidemiological and laboratory research.