Prevalence Of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Research Articles

Effect of community-based public health service on health-related quality of life among middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases in China

BackgroundThe growing prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly impacting the well-being of aging populations. This study aims to assess the impact of community-based public health service (PHS) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases in China.MethodsUtilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we constructed a novel scale based on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to measure the HRQoL of middle-aged and older patients with hypertension and/or type-2 diabetes. Multivariate linear regression models with Instrument Variables and Propensity Score Matching techniques were applied to examine the effect of PHS on the HRQoL of identified chronic disease patients.ResultsAmong 8,403 hypertensive and/or diabetic patients, only 10.98% had received PHS. After adjusting for covariates, PHS exhibited a significant association with an elevated overall SF-36 score (β = 3.539, p < 0.001). Similar effects were observed in the physical and mental component summary scores, with increases of 1.982 (p < 0.001) and 5.095 (p < 0.001), respectively. Sensitive analysis affirmed the robustness of these findings. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant HRQoL improvements among males, females, those aged 70 and older, patients with comorbidities, and urban residents, while the effect was less pronounced in the middle-aged, those without comorbidities, or rural dwellers.ConclusionCommunity-based PHS has exerted a positive impact on both the physiological and psychological aspects of HRQoL among middle-aged and older chronic disease patients, with effects varying among individuals with different characteristics. Our findings advocate for enhancing the delivery and utilization of government-funded PHS, increasing health literacy, and promoting early prevention strategies for chronic diseases. Furthermore, targeted health management initiatives for patients with comorbidities and enhancements in the quality of community healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, are deemed necessary.

Examining associations between mental health and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (C-NCDs) among older adults in Wakiso, Uganda.

Globally, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (C-NCDs) and occurrence of multi-morbidity specifically, has been increasing and will continue to rise as life expectancy increases. The burden of mental health disorders has also been rising globally. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), literature on these health issues, which are interrelated, is scarce. This study assesses the prevalence of C-NCDs, and depressive and anxiety symptomology and examines the relationship between these issues among a sample of older adults in Uganda. Between 2021-2022, 604 consenting adults aged 35 years and older were surveyed on a broad range of health issues for the ongoing AMBSO Population Health Surveillance (APHS) cohort study in Wakiso district. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize the burden of C-NCDs (e.g. diabetes, hypertension), depression (PHQ-9 using a cutoff of <5 scores for minimal/no and 5+ for mild to severe symptomology) and anxiety (GAD-7 using a cutoff of 5+ scores for mild to severe symptomology). Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were built using STATA software version 16.0 to examine associations between mental health disorders and having at least one C-NCD. Our exposures of interest were depressive and anxiety symptoms and our outcomes of interest was presence of C-NCDs. Majority of participants were females (63.6%), median age was 46 (IQR: 39-54). Any C-NCDs prevalence was 18.7%, while 18.9% and 11.4%, had screening scores indicative of depressive and anxiety symptomology, respectively. Three percent (3.2%) had PHQ-9 scores indicative of moderate to severe depressive symptomology. In models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, there was 12% increased odds of suffering from C-NCDs for every unit increase in PHQ-9 score (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.20). Participants with any anxiety symptoms had 2.1 greater odds of suffering from C-NCD compared to those who did not have anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.21-3.70). C-NCDs were prevalent in older adults, particularly among those experiencing mental health symptoms. Screening for C-NCDs and mental health disorders should be integrated into routine health care for older adults in the country. Early screening and identification of these health issues through primary health care could significantly reduce the public health burden attributable to mental health disorders and the incidence of multi-morbidity in Uganda.

Prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases in rural India amongst peri- and post-menopausal women: Can artificial intelligence help in early identification?

AimsTo identify peri- and post-menopausal women at risk of non-communicable diseases in rural India and to assess their prevalence amongst these groups via the use of artificial intelligence. Settings and designAn observational study conducted by the Indian Menopause Society in collaboration with the Government of Maharashtra. The study included rural women residents of three villages in the Latur district of Maharashtra, India. Materials and methodsAccredited social health activist workers identified 400 peri- and post-menopausal women aged 45–60 years. Specific symptoms able to predict the presence of a non-communicable disease were identified through the use of artificial intelligence. Statistical analysis usedDescriptive statistics and predictive network charts analysis. ResultsThe mean age of 316 women included in the analysis was 50.4 years and the majority of them were illiterate (68 %). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia, osteopenia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension were 58 %, 50 %, 25 %, 25 %, and 20 % respectively. None of their symptoms or laboratory reports could be significantly correlated directly with any of these non-communicable diseases. Hence, we used a cluster of symptoms to suggest the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and hypothyroidism via predictive network analysis charts. ConclusionsScreening of at-risk women can be done using an artificial intelligence-based screening tool for early diagnosis, timely referral and treatment of non-communicable diseases with the support of community health workers.

The Relationship Between the Number of Chronic Diseases and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, China: moderating Effect of Health Lifestyle.

With population aging, individuals in underdeveloped areas may experience a higher prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a lower level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and distinct lifestyles. However, this triadic association remains inadequately studied, particularly regarding the role of health lifestyle. This study aims to examine the relationship between the number of NCDs and HRQoL, while considering the moderating effect of health lifestyle among middle-aged and older adults residing in resource-limited areas. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yunnan Province from July to December 2022. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire related to socio-demographic information, NCDs conditions, health lifestyle status, and HRQoL, which was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. Hierarchical regression and simple slope tests were used to examine the moderating effect of health lifestyle. Out of the total 2704 participants, 57.91% presented at least one NCD. The mean scores for health lifestyle and health utility value were 11.109 and 0.944 respectively. The number of NCDs was negatively associated with health utility value, while positively correlated with the health lifestyle score (P<0.001). The results of hierarchical regression indicated that health lifestyle exerted a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the number of NCDs and HRQoL (β=0.006, P<0.001), which was also observed for specific health-related behaviors such as sleep duration (β=0.013, P<0.001), physical examination attendance (β=0.006, P<0.05) and physical activity (β=0.013, P<0.001). These findings highlight the crucial role of a healthy lifestyle in attenuating the association between the number of NCDs and HRQoL. Recognizing the potential modulating influence of a healthy lifestyle in this relationship could be pivotal for developing effective interventions for this population, even within resource-constrained rural settings.

The influence of production factors on the formation of the health of workers in the production of synthetic rubbers, preventive measures

The petrochemical industry, which includes, along with the production of basic chemicals for the production of rubber, occupies one of the leading places in terms of potential chemical hazards to the health of workers. The high prevalence of CNID among workers of petrochemical industries is an important socio-economic problem. The issues of reducing the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases, including those related to working conditions, the protection and preservation of the health of workers in petrochemical industries dictate the need to develop preventive measures. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in synthetic rubber production workers. Clinical and hygienic studies have been carried out in the production of synthetic rubber. Harmful production factors were assessed at 80 workplaces based on the materials of a special assessment of working conditions and production control data. The health status of 674 employees was studied according to the results of periodic medical examinations. The surveyed workers were represented by apparatchiks (33.2 %), locksmiths for the repair of technological equipment (12.8 %), machinists of pumping and compressor units (10.7 %), locksmiths of KIP and A (9.1 %). A number of clinical and laboratory, functional research methods have been used to assess the state of health. At the workplaces of the production of synthetic rubber, an adverse effect of chemicals on the worker’s body in combination with industrial noise, the severity of labor and microclimate in certain working areas has been established. The working conditions of employees of the main professions are assigned to the third class of the first-second degrees of harmfulness (classes 3.1–3.2). It was found that there were 17.3 % of practically healthy individuals. Among the identified chronic non-communicable diseases, the leading place was occupied by diseases of the musculoskeletal system (31.1 %), disorders of the autonomic nervous system (28.7 %), myopia (22.0 %), hypertension (12.2 %) hearing impairment (10.3 %). When evaluating the results of biochemical blood tests, the most pronounced changes were found in the indicators of lipid metabolism. Excess values of total cholesterol were detected in 40.9 % of employees. A complex of therapeutic and preventive measures has been developed aimed at reducing the risk of the formation of chronic non-communicable diseases, including measures of primary and secondary prevention.

Association between unhealthy lifestyles and hyperuricemia in occupational population and modification effect of hypertension and dyslipidemia

Objective: To understand the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle and hyperuricemia, as well as the modification effects of hypertension and dyslipidemia in occupational population and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of hyperuricemia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, based on baseline data from the Southwest Occupational Population Cohort from China Railway Chengdu Group Co., Ltd., which included the population in 28 prefectures from Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province, and 33 districts (counties) from Chongqing Municipality between October and December 2021. This study collected the information about the demographics characteristics, lifestyles, and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases of the study subjects through questionnaire, physical measurement and laboratory biochemical test. The unhealthy lifestyle score was scored based on smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary patterns, physical activity, and low weight or overweight, with higher scores being associated with more unhealthy lifestyles. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle score, smoking, alcohol consumption, other factors and hyperuricemia, and the stratified analysis was used to explore the modification effect of hypertension and other diseases on the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle and hyperuricemia. Results: A total of 11 748 participants were included in this study, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 34.4%. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that current/previous smoking, current/previous alcohol consumption and BMI abnormality were risk factors for hyperuricemia, and the unhealthy lifestyle score showed a "cumulative" effect on the risk for hyperuricemia, with higher score increasing the risk of hyperuricemia, and the OR increased from 1.64 (95%CI: 1.34-2.00) to 2.89 (95%CI: 2.39-3.50). Stratified analysis showed that unhealthy lifestyles had a greater impact on the risk for hyperuricemia in people with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The coexistence of multiple unhealthy lifestyles might increase the risk of hyperuricemia, and this effect was stronger in participants with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Timely correction of unhealthy lifestyles, and control of hypertension and dyslipidemia might reduce the risk for hyperuricemia.

Sociodemographic Profile and Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases - Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Participants of a Voluntary Health Action in the Municipality of Guarujá - SP.

Sociodemographic Profile and Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases - Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Participants of a Voluntary Health Action in the Municipality of Guarujá - SP.

Nutrient profile of packaged foods according to the degree of processing

An increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) leads to a rising prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. This study aims to characterise the nutrient profile of white-label pre-packaged foods and bakery products available in a market leader Portuguese food retail chain, according to the extent of processing proposed by NOVA classification system. The nutrient profile (energy, sugar, total fat, saturated fat and sodium) according to processing degree was analysed using non-parametric tests. UPF were the most energy dense (278 kcal/100 g, p < .001) and the highest in sugar (15.9 g/100 g, p < .001). Processed foods were the highest in sodium (538 mg/100 g, p < .001). Processed and UPF showed significantly higher total (12.4 and 10.8 g/100 g, respectively) and saturated fat content (6.10 and 4.61 g/100 g, respectively) than unprocessed/minimally processed foods (p < .001). Regarding the variation of the nutritional value across the extent of processing, different results were observed for some categories suggesting the importance of a stratified analysis. The consumption of less processed foods and the manufacture of processed/UPF with better nutrient profile should be promoted.

Prevalence and incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate and its variation over 6 years: Cohort study SABE 2010-2016.

The aging process and the rising prevalence of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) contribute to the decline in kidney function among elderly individuals. The aim of this research was to assess prevalence and incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (GFR <60mL/min/1.73m2) over six-year period in elderly residents of São Paulo. This study relied on data from 2010 and 2016 waves of the cohort SABE Study - Health, Wellbeing, and Aging, with a probabilistic and representative sample of elderly individuals residing in São Paulo. GFR was calculated using the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine (CKD-EPI) equation. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test with Rao-Scott correction, and weighted means and standard errors were calculated for continuous variables. Logistic and linear regression models were constructed to analyse the data. Statistical analyses accounted for sample weights to ensure population representativeness. The prevalence of decreased GFR in 2010 was 17.3%, with mean GFR of 75.6 mL/min/1.73m2 (SE = 0.5). The incidence of decreased GFR between 2010 and 2016 was 14.9%, equivalent to an annual incidence of 2.5%. This incidence was associated with older age, hypertension, self-perceived fair/poor/very poor health, and greater number of comorbidities associated. Over the study period, 68.1% of the elderly participants experienced deterioration in GFR, with an average decline of 1 mL/min/1.73m2 each year. Renal function decline often occurs without noticeable symptoms, and the high prevalence of comorbidities contributes to the worsening of GFR. Therefore, monitoring renal function in the elderly is crucial for effectively managing the health of this population.

AGING AND HEALTH IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF RESEARCH

Abstract The Caribbean region is undergoing rapid population aging. While there is diversity in the pace of population aging among countries within the region, there are some shared population health challenges including the increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and the inequalities therein. Relatedly, many Caribbean countries do not have well-established long-term care systems. Therefore, older adults primarily rely on informal care and support mainly from family members, which has implications for the health of older adults and their caregivers. Although Caribbean populations are understudied within gerontology, there is a growing body of research. This presentation provides an overview of the existing state of research on the social determinants of health among older adults within Caribbean societies and discusses directions for future research.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of MASLD and Liver Fibrosis amongst the Penitentiary Population in Catalonia: The PRISONAFLD Study

Background and Aims: The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, particularly metabolic syndrome (MetS), has increased among the prison population. Nevertheless, we have limited data on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the hepatic manifestation of this syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD and MASLD-associated liver fibrosis in the penitentiary population in Catalonia, Spain. Method: A cross-sectional observational study involving eight penitentiary centers. Participants had at least one metabolic disorder and were at a closed-regimen penitentiary. Individuals with concomitant liver diseases and/or alcohol risk consumption were excluded. Significant fibrosis and MASLD were defined as liver stiffness ≥8 kPa and a controlled attenuation parameter ≥275 dB/m by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), respectively. After exclusions, metabolic inmates with VCTE were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of MASLD and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis. Results: Out of the 4338 inmates studied, 1290 (29.7%) had metabolic disorders, and 646 (14.9%) underwent VCTE. The mean age was 48.0 years (SD 12.1), and 89.5% were male. MASLD prevalence was 33.9%. Significant fibrosis and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis were found in 16.4% and 9.4% of inmates, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, T2D, waist circumference, MetS, and higher ALT values were identified as independent risk factors for MASLD and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis amongst the prison population. Conclusions: Metabolic disorders including MASLD are highly prevalent among inmates. The prevalence of significant fibrosis seems notably higher than that of the general population, underscoring the need for targeted screening programs and therapeutic interventions in the incarcerated population.

Reliability and validity of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitude and practice regarding “oil, salt and sugar” among canteen staff

Excessive intake of oil, salt and sugar is closely associated with the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Canteen staff’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about oil, salt and sugar directly affect the content in dishes and the consumers’ intake. However, no valid questionnaire is used to assess KAP among canteen staff about the “oil, salt and sugar”. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the KAP of canteen staff about the “oil, salt and sugar”. This cross-sectional study was conducted among canteen staff randomly selected from three college canteens. Participants completed the questionnaire and retested it two weeks later. Internal and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s α and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis. 100 participants finished the questionnaire, of which 66% were females with a mean age of 40.3 ± 10.5 years. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the total questionnaire and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice dimensions were 0.822, 0.830, 0.752 and 0.700, respectively. The test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.968. In exploratory factor analysis, nine common factors were extracted, with 26 items, and the cumulative contribution rate was 70.9%. The questionnaire had a satisfactory property for measuring the KAP of the “oil, salt and sugar” among canteen staff in China.

Drying technology development for future starchy staples food processing: Research progress, challenges, and application prospects

Starchy staples are the main source of energy for most of the global population, and future growing populations and limited arable land areas dictate that reducing post-harvest losses of produce and conserving energy consumption are critical. With the increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (such as cardiovascular disease) and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the benefits of grains for human health are being rethought. Drying, as a significant and energy-intensive unit operation in post-harvest handling and storage of grain, has been extensively studied by scholars. This paper describes several common types of starchy staple foods and their drying and pretreatment technologies in recent years, focusing on some auxiliary drying technologies to improve drying efficiency and energy-saving aspects, while pretreatment technologies not only improve drying efficiency but also help to retain nutrient content. And with the increasing pursuit of nutrition, personalized food is essential in the future. This paper also introduces the application prospects of starchy staples, including 3D printing, the aerospace field, and special medical food.

Social indicators and other factors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases in rural quilombolas in the north of Minas Gerais

The aim of this article is to investigate factors associated with self-reported non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in quilombolas from rural communities in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2019 through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire application on 1110 individuals. A log-linear Poisson model was used. Twenty-seven percent of the sample had at least one of the listed NCDs. The highest prevalence was detected in females (PR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.17-1.48), aged over 60 years (PR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.77-2.70). There was an increased prevalence of NCDs in people who reported having suffered prejudice while seeking healthcare (PR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.04-1.31) and who had their last healthcare service more than 12 months ago (PR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.05-,1.42). This reality demonstrates that, despite advances in specific public policies aimed at these groups, prejudice, difficulty in accessing healthcare, and affirmative action policies still persist.

Trends in health service needs, utilization, and non-communicable chronic diseases burden of older adults in China: evidence from the 1993 to 2018 National Health Service Survey

BackgroundAging is associated with an increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), functional impairments, and diverse demands for health services. This study analyzed the trends in older adults’ needs and utilization of health services from 1993 to 2018 in China, as well as chronic disease-related economic burdens.MethodsThe research data were collected from the six cross-sectional National Health Service Survey (NHSS), implemented every 5 years from 1993 to 2018. A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method has been adopted in the NHSS. The data on the older population's socio-economic characteristics, health service needs, and utilization were collected from the 6 waves National Health Service Survey (NHSS) 1993–2018. In the 2013 and 2018 NHSSs, EQ-5D-3L and visual analogue scale were used to evaluate the health condition. And the prevalence of NCDs and related Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures were collected. Functional dependency and impairment were collected in 2018. The Katz Activities of Daily Living scale was used to evaluate six functions, including self-feeding, dressing, bathing, transferring, toilet hygiene, and controlling bowel movements.ResultsThe two-week morbidity rate and prevalence of NCDs showed a rapid upward trend in older adults. With the development of health system reform and universal health insurance coverage, older adults' two-week medical consultation rate increased from 25.6% in 1993 to 40.1% in 2018, and the hospitalization rate rose from 6.1% to 24.9%. The difference in health service needs and utilization between urban and rural areas decreased, and the hospitalization rate in rural areas (26.3%) exceeded that in urban areas (23.6%) for the first time in 2018. Functional independence become more severe as aged. The proportion of severe functional impairment was 6.9% and 2% in the group aged 80 or over and group 70–79 years, respectively. Regarding disability status, 32.5% had hearing problems and 31.4% had visual impairment. The highest prevalence rates of NCDs in older adults were found in hypertension (36.9%), followed by diabetes (10.6%), cerebrovascular disease (5.4%), ischemic heart disease (4.5%), and intervertebral disc disease (4.2%). The average annual OOP expenditures attributed to NCDs increased from ¥2481.8 RMB in 2013 to ¥8255.9 RMB in 2018 for older adults. About 90.7% of older adults prefer to live in the residential community, leading to the demands for preventive healthcare (30.4%), medical treatment (14.1%), and elderly education (8.6%).ConclusionThe elevated risks of age-related impairments and chronic morbidities, and increased demands for preventive healthcare are critical public health issues. Policymakers should strengthen primary healthcare and move towards integrated delivery to improve access and quality of care for older adults. The integration of healthcare and social security constitutes an adaptive trend in meeting the multi-level demands of an aging society.

Secular trend of non-communicable chronic disease prevalence throughout the life span who endured Chinese Great Famine (1959–1961)

BackgroundFamine is a risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), which account for over 80% of deaths in China. The effect of famine on the prevalence of NCDs in terms of various age groups, time periods and cohorts is currently poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore long-term trends in the impact of China’s Great Famine (1959–1961) on NCDs in China.MethodsThis study used data from the 2010–2020 China Family Panel Longitudinal Survey across 25 provinces in China. The subjects were aged 18–85 years, and the total number of subjects was 174,894. The prevalence of NCDs was derived from the China Family Panel Studies database (CFPS). An age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the age, period and cohort effects of NCDs in 2010–2020 and the effect of famine on the risk of NCDs in terms of cohort effects.ResultsThe prevalence of NCDs increased with age. Additionally, the prevalence did not clearly decrease over the survey period. Regarding the cohort effect, people born in the years adjacent to the famine period had a higher risk of NCDs; additionally, females, those born in rural areas, and those who lived in provinces with severe famine and post-famine had a higher likelihood of NCDs.ConclusionsExperiencing famine at an early age or the experience of famine in a close relative’s generation (births after the onset of famine) are associated with an increased risk of NCDs. Additionally, more severe famine is associated with a higher risk of NCDs.

Ethnic disparities in prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and its multimorbidity among older adults in rural southwest China

BackgroundAs the population ages, chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity has emerged as a major public health issue globally. This study examines ethnic disparities in prevalence of NCDs and its multimorbidity among rural southwest Chinese older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural southwest population aged ≥ 60 years consisting of 5,642 consenting participants of Han and three ethnic minority groups (Dai, Ha Ni, and Bai). Information about participants’ demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure measurement, as well as post-bronchodilator spirometry test were recorded for each participant.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of five common chronic NCDs– hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – and its multimorbidity was 72.8%, 15.9%, 4.0%, 10.0%, 9.8%, and 27.6%, respectively. Bai participants had both the highest overall and sex-specific prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and COPD, whereas Han participants had the highest rates of CHD (P < 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female and older participants had a higher probability of chronic NCDs multimorbidity than their counterparts (P < 0.01). Bai ethnic minority participants were more likely to have NCDs multimorbidity while Ha Ni and Dai ethnic minority participants were less likely to have NCD multimorbidity relative to the Han participants (P < 0.05). Older adults with a higher level of education and family history of chronic NCDs, and who were also current smokers, current drinkers, obese, centrally obese, and physically inactive had a greater probability of developing chronic NCDs multimorbidity (P < 0.01).ConclusionsEthnicity and individual demographic and lifestyle factors significantly impact prevalence of chronic NCDs multimorbidity. Future chronic NCDs prevention and control strategies must be tailored to address ethnicity, and culturally tailored lifestyle interventions may reduce the prevalence of chronic NCDs multimorbidity in rural southwest China.

Effects of high-intensity training on glycemic metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: With the exponential increase in hours of exposure in sedentary behavior, associated with greater availability of pre-prepared foods, there is an incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: This review was to analyze the possible effects of high-intensity training on the glycemic metabolism in Type 2 Diabetics in the last 10 years. Methods: Searches were carried out between February and April 2022 in the following databases: National Library Of Medicine (PUBMED), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElO), Latin American Literature and of the Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS), using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), together with the relevant Entry Terms and Boolean operators (AND and OR). The search key was built using the PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome and Type of Study). Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials; population aged ≤ 65 years and diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; high-intensity exercise as an intervention; glycemia as one of the outcomes; published in English, Spanish and/or Portuguese between 2012 and 2022 and available in full text. Results: After the searches, 85 scientific articles were identified. Of these, 7 studies were selected because they met the proposed objective and criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 7-52 participants, with a mean of 24.17 ± 12.33. All studies were conducted with adults. With regard to the period of intervention, it was observed that high-intensity training was performed from a single session to 12 weeks, at a frequency of up to three times a week. Conclusion: Studies have shown that after performing high-intensity training, there were significant reductions in glycemic values. Despite high-intensity training having contributed significantly to reducing glycemic values, the results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution, due to the small number of articles included and their respective methodological limitations.

Working conditions and the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases among workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers

Introduction. Ensuring safe working conditions and preventing health problems in the workplace is a priority measure for maintaining health and extending the working life of the working population.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The working conditions and chronic non-infectious morbidity (primary, accumulated) of workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were studied according to the data of in-depth medical examinations (2017–2021).&#x0D; Results. Workers of modern production of PAN fibers in the course of their work were shown to be exposed to the combined effects of a complex of chemicals of 1–4 hazard classes, industrial noise, severity and labour intensity, which form an occupational health risk, assessed by hygienic criteria in categories from small (class 3.1) to high (class 3.3). The first ranking places in the nosological structure of accumulated chronic non-infectious morbidity of workers were occupied by dorsalgia (24.23%), essential (primary) arterial hypertension (14.67%), obesity (9.9%) and presbyopia (8.87%). Positive associations of weak age strength with arterial hypertension, obesity, and presbyopia were revealed (Rxy=0.280, Rxy=0.121, Rxy=0.133, respectively). Work experience had a weak positive relationship with the prevalence of presbyopia (Rxy=0.239). A causal relationship was established between a moderate degree of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (dorsalgia, the severity of the labour process (RR=1.893; EF=47.183%; CI=1.192–3.007), a relationship between a small degree of diseases of the eye and its adnexa with exposure acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate (RR=1.46; EF=31.522%; CI=1.970–1.082), which made it possible to attribute these pathologies to work-related diseases.&#x0D; Limitations determined by the study of the subject of research in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers of one enterprise.&#x0D; Conclusion. Despite the modernization that has taken place in the chemical industry, working conditions in the modern production of PAN fibers continue to be harmful, presenting an occupational risk for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in workers, which determines the relevance of developing evidence-based measures for their prevention.

Synthetic Patient Data Generation and Evaluation in Disease Prediction Using Small and Imbalanced Datasets

The increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases makes it a priority to develop tools for enhancing their management. On this matter, Artificial Intelligence algorithms have proven to be successful in early diagnosis, prediction and analysis in the medical field. Nonetheless, two main issues arise when dealing with medical data: lack of high-fidelity datasets and maintenance of patient's privacy. To face these problems, different techniques of synthetic data generation have emerged as a possible solution. In this work, a framework based on synthetic data generation algorithms was developed. Eight medical datasets containing tabular data were used to test this framework. Three different statistical metrics were used to analyze the preservation of synthetic data integrity and six different synthetic data generation sizes were tested. Besides, the generated synthetic datasets were used to train four different supervised Machine Learning classifiers alone, and also combined with the real data. F1-score was used to evaluate classification performance. The main goal of this work is to assess the feasibility of the use of synthetic data generation in medical data in two ways: preservation of data integrity and maintenance of classification performance.