Prevalence Of Nasal Septal Deviation Research Articles

Deciphering nasal septum deviation: Computed tomography insights into age and gender trends for optimized clinical care

Background: Deviation of the nasal septum (DNS) is defined as any deviation of the septum from the midline and is one of the most common variations of the sinonasal anatomy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the prevalence of DNS and its relation with age, gender, and sidedness. Materials and Methods: Sinonasal computed tomographic images of 100 subjects obtained from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP, in the period August 2013–July 2014 were analyzed to determine the prevalence of DNS and its relation with age, gender, and sidedness. Results: Of a total of 100 subjects, normal midline nasal septum was seen in 27 subjects whereas 73 subjects (73%) displayed a deviation in its position. The prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD) was significantly higher in females (84.21%) as compared to males (66.13%) (P=0.048). We also compared the prevalence of NSD in different age groups and found it to be higher in subjects aged >46 years (83.33%) as compared to other age groups but this difference was not found to be statistically significant (P=0.619). Conclusion: Nasal septu the septum toward the right. No correlation between age intervals and prevalence of DNS was found.

Prevalence and Correlation of Concha Bullosa and Nasal Septal Deviation with Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlation of Concha Bullosa (CB) and Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD) with maxillary sinus Mucosal Thickening (MT) using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
 Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on CBCT scans of 228 females and 157 males (mean age of 44.82±15.10 years) retrieved from the archives of the Radiology Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School. The images were evaluated by one oral and maxillofacial radiologist for presence/absence of NSD, CB, and maxillary sinus MT, and their correlations. Statistical analyses were performed by independent t-test, Chi-square test, and binomial test (alpha=0.05).
 Results: The prevalence of CB, NSD, and MT was 61.6, 80, and 70.6%, respectively. NSD (p=0.131) and CB (p=0.211) had no significant correlation with MT. However, CB and NSD were significantly correlated (p=0.006). NSD had a significant correlation with contralateral presence of CB as well (p=0.000). The prevalence of CB was significantly higher in females (p<0.05), while the prevalence of NSD and MT was significantly higher in males (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: The present study revealed no significant correlation between CB and NSD with maxillary sinus MT. Thus, in absence of clinical symptoms, patients with CB or NSD should not be necessarily referred for treatment of sinus abnormalities. However, considering the significant correlation of CB and NSD, in case of presence of one entity, the other one should be suspected.

Prevalence of nasal septal deviation and its effects on concha bullosa, maxillary sinus mucosal thickness, and depth of palatal arch—An observational CBCT study

Prevalence of nasal septal deviation and its effects on concha bullosa, maxillary sinus mucosal thickness, and depth of palatal arch—An observational CBCT study

Nasal septal anatomical variations among Saudi population and their possible coincidence with sinusitis: a computed tomography scan study.

The nasal septum is a crucial supporting factor for the nasal cavity and may develop several anatomical variants including septal deviation, spur and pneumatization. These variants could be associated with a higher incidence of sinusitis due to structural and functional alterations. So, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), nasal septal spur (NSS) and nasal septal pneumatization (NSP) among the Saudi adult population and their links with the incidence of sinusitis by using computed tomography (CT). A retrospective study was achieved over a twenty-two months period on 681 adult Saudi subjects (420 males and 261 females) aged 20 years or older, referred for coronal CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. NSD and NSS were significantly more prevalent in males than females (80.0% vs. 67.4% respectively for NSD, and 34.5% vs. 24.9% respectively for NSS), while there was no statistical difference in frequency of NSP regarding gender (P=0.670). The incidence of sinusitis was significantly higher in presence of NSD and/or NSS (P<0.001 for both). On the contrary, NSP was not associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of sinusitis (P=0.131). In conclusion, NSD and NSS are more prevalent in males than females among the Saudi population with no statistical difference between both genders regarding the presence of septal pneumatization. Furthermore, sinusitis is more prevalent with the occurrence of NSD and NSS, and not related to the incidence of NSP.

Is there a relationship between Eustachian tube dysfunction and nasal septal deviation in a sample of the Lebanese population?

BackgroundThe Eustachian tube (ET) is considered an organ by itself due to its specific functions. An ET Dysfunction (ETD) is discussed when this tube is unable to ventilate the middle ear properly. Clinically, the patient reports usually some aural fullness, “popping”, “under water” sensation as if the ear is clogged. This condition is common affecting at least 5% of the adult population. It can impair quality of life and become disabling. On the other side, the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD) is believed to be around 22.83% in the adult population. Nasal septal deviation is thought to cause a decline in the middle ear ventilation according to certain authors. The primary outcome is to define the predictive value of the side of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) symptoms vis-à-vis the side of nasal septal deviation (NSD) in patients having the two conditions concomitantly.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and September 2019. Overall, 60 consecutive subjects (total of 120 ears), randomly seen at the Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Clinics at the Eye and Ear International Hospital, Lebanon, all year-round were enrolled and tested without any geographic preferences. The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ) -7 questionnaire was used to evaluate ETD.ResultsA significantly higher ETD score was found in males compared to females, in those with left septal deviation compared to right and in those who have symptoms on the left compared to right side. Frequent exposure to higher changes in altitude (commute from home to workplace) was also significantly associated with higher ETD scores (r = 0.265), whereas higher Left Tympanometric peak pressure (TPP in daPa) on tympanometry was significantly associated with lower ETD score (r = − 0.467). Furthermore, 25 patients who had symptoms on the left side had also a septal deviation to the left side (86.2%), whereas 29 (93.5%) patients who had the symptoms on the right side had septal deviation to the right side (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur data highlighted the importance of altitude and geographic distribution of patients especially in a population exposed to barotrauma on a daily basis like the Lebanese population. Tympanometry, on the other hand, failed to correlate with patient reported symptoms and thus needs further evaluation. The reported ETD symptoms of the patient correlates to the side of NSD.

Canine nasal septum deviation can be a normal variation and correlates with increasing skull indices.

Nasal septal deviation has been studied in relation to nasal pathology and mass effect in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of nasal septal deviation in dogs with rhinitis, neoplasia, and those without nasal pathology based on the facial index, skull index, and cranial index. Computed tomographic studies of the nasal cavities of dogs performed over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. This study had 233 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria with 135 dogs with no nasal pathology, 63 dogs with nasal neoplasia, and 35 dogs with rhinitis. The prevalence of nasal septal deviation, the angle, maximum distance, and longitudinal extent of deviation were recorded, as well as measurements to calculate the facial index, cranial index, and skull index. The results showed no difference in the prevalence of nasal septal deviation between dogs with nasal pathology and those without. The mean longitudinal extent of deviation and maximum distance of deviation was statistically greater for those with neoplasia compared to those with rhinitis and without nasal pathology. The longitudinal extent of deviation was inversely proportional to the cranial index, facial index, and skull index. The angle of deviation was directly proportional to the facial index and skull index. In conclusion, nasal septal deviation is an anatomic variant in different breeds of dogs with no predilection based on nasal pathology. Nasal septal deviation should be interpreted cautiously in the assessment of canine nasal disease.

Relationship between Anatomical Variations of Sinonasal Area and Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization.

Maxillary sinuses are among the largest paranasal sinuses with various shapes and volumes. The dimensions and volumes of maxillary sinuses play an important role in the surgical treatment plan. The higher levels of pneumatization of alveolar bone lead to the increase of odontogenic sinusitis which cause problems in dental implantation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization and anatomical factors. In this cross-sectional study, computed tomography (CT) images of the healthy maxillary sinuses of 199 adult patients were reviewed. Amira software was used for the measurement of sinus volume. Sinus pneumatization of the alveolar bone in coronal CT scan images in the posterior teeth areas was measured. Moreover, anatomical variations of the sinonasal region, such as nasal septal deviation, and size of the ostium were measured and recorded. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the t-test, and the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for data analysis. According to the obtained results, the mean value of the maxillary sinus volume and the alveolar bone pneumatization were 15.54 mm3 and 3.54 mm, respectively. The mean value of the maxillary sinus volume was statistically higher among males than females (P<0.001). The prevalence of nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, and maxillary sinus septa were 14.6%, 14.6% and 6% respectively. There were no association between anatomical factors, including the nasal septal deviation, the size of the ostium, concha bullosa, and maxillary sinus septa and maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization. P-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. No correlation was observed between the anatomical variations of the sinonasal region and maxillary sinus volume and pneumatization.

Nasal septal deviation with obstructive symptoms: Association found with asthma but not with other general health problems.

Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a very common deformity. Because it may induce chronic upper airway obstruction in the nose, clinicians encounter some patients who have concerns about whether this can be a risk factor for general health. However, the influence of NSD on general health has rarely been studied. To determine associations between NSD, especially NSD with nasal obstructive symptom, and general health problems in an adult Korean population. This nationwide study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2008-2009. NSD was evaluated by using a nasal endoscope, and a nasal obstructive symptom was assessed via individual interviews. The survey also investigated general health problems, such as medical comorbidity, mental health status, and quality of life. Medical conditions included neurocardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. To eliminate the effect of combined nasal problems in otorhinolaryngology, subjects with rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis were excluded. This study focused on obstructive NSD, which is defined as an anatomic NSD with a chronic nasal obstructive symptom. We enrolled 8865 participants, and the prevalence of NSD was 44.8%. No general health problems showed a significant association with NSD. However, the prevalence of NSD with an obstructive symptom was 2.1%. Obstructive NSD had no association with all the general health problems, except asthma. A significant association was found between obstructive NSD and asthma (odds ratio 2.648 [95% confidence interval, 1.211-5.791]). Among various general health problems, our study found that NSD was associated with asthma only when NSD was accompanied by a chronic nasal obstructive symptom.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitus, Allergic Rhinitis, and Nasal Septal Deviation: Results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008-2012.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), and nasal septal deviation (NSD) are frequent rhinologic diseases that consume considerable health care resources. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of CRS, AR, and NSD in Korea. This study analyzed 5-year cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2012. A total of 35 511 participants, who underwent an interview regarding nasal symptoms and a nasal examination, were enrolled and subsequently divided into 3 groups: children (aged 7-12 years), adolescents (aged 13-19 years), and adults (aged ≥20 years). Adult CRS was classified into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Diagnosis of AR was based on symptoms and serum levels of specific IgE for 3 allergens, including Dermatophagoides farinae. The precise prevalence of AR was reestimated by multiplying the reciprocal of D farinae frequency based on a conventional skin prick test. Nasal septal deviation was diagnosed via nasal endoscopy after nasal decongestion. This study estimated the association of the 3 diseases with demographic data, including sex, age, obesity, level of education, socioeconomic status, residence, smoking, and alcohol. The prevalence of CRSwNP and CRSsNP in 28 912 adults was 2.6% and 5.8%, respectively. An association was found between CRSwNP and age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04; P < .001), lower level of education (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.92; P = .04), and obesity (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.84; P = .001). Symptom-based and allergy test result-based AR had a prevalence of 27.5% (n = 35 511) and 16.1% (n = 2298), respectively. The reestimated prevalence of AR was 18.5% for all ages. Urban residence increased the risk of AR (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38; P = .005), but age was associated with a decreased risk (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P < .001). The prevalence of NSD was 48.0% and increased with age. In addition, NSD was a risk factor for CRSsNP (adjusted OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32; P = .03) but not for CRSwNP. In KNHANES 2008-2012, older age was associated with increased risk for CRSwNP and NSD but associated with a decreased risk for AR. Obesity was another risk factor for CRSwNP.

Effect of Septal Deviation, Concha Bullosa and Haller’s Cell on Maxillary Sinus’s Inferior Pneumatization; a Retrospective Study

Purpose: Maxillary sinus’s inferior pneumatization is a physiological process, which increase with time and accelerates following extraction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB), and Haller’s cells (HC) and to examine the correlation of maxillary sinus inferior pneumatization (MSIP) with these anatomical variations. Material and Methods : 300 (150 m, 150 f) CBCT scans taken at the Marmara University School of Dentistry from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of CB, NSD, HC and MSIP. The correlation between pneumatization to the anatomic variants was then compared. Data were analyzed with a Chi-square test. Results : Of the 300 CBCT scans, 44.3% have CB, 37.3% NSD, 19.3% HC and 27.7% MSIP. There was no statistical significancewhen comparing the relationship of patients with CB, NSD, HC and pneumatization. Conclusion : NSD, CB and HC do not have a definite role on sinus’s inferior pneumatization. Further studies should be conducted including potential factors related pneumatization with more sample size for further correlation with NSD, CB,HC.

The analysis of intranasal anatomic variations of Korean patients with malocclusion

IntroductionThere are two important aspects in a relationship between malocclusion and the area of rhinology. First, there is the negative impact of nasal obstruction on normal facial growth. Second, surgical treatment of malocclusion under general anesthesia is chiefly done through nasotracheal intubation.The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of nasal septal deviation and concha bullosa among patients with malocclusion as common anatomical variations that can affect nasotracheal intubation in comparision with previous studies. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out on the subjects of 634 patients who underwent surgery for malocclusion. High resolution computed tomography (CT) taken preoperatively was analyzed and we measured position and angle of septal deviation and classified degree and position of pneumatization of middle concha. ResultsSeptal deviation was found in 402 patients (63.4%). Concha bullosa was found in 328 patients (51.7%). Both of them were found in 238 patients. Three hundred twenty-five patients had the middle concha bullosa, sorted by type into true (182), lamella (80) and bulbous type (33), while for 30 patients, combination of two or more types were observed. DiscussionThis study showed that the frequency of anatomical variations affecting nasotracheal intubation was high in Korean patients with malocclusion. We emphasize that more closely preoperative evaluation is necessary for patients with malocclusion planning on surgery using nasotracheal intubation.

Examination versus subjective nasal obstruction in the evaluation of the nasal septal deviation.

Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a frequent complaint among patients in an otolaryngology clinic. The prevalence of NSD varies in different populations and NSD classification schemes are complex. We aimed to determine the prevalence of NSD in a population of Turkish young males using a new NSD classification method that we developed. We compared the results with patients' complaints. All patients underwent two nasal examinations, which were performed using a nasal speculum with and without administration of vasoconstrictor agents. Inferior Concha Hypertrophy (ICH) was evaluated in the first examination and NSDs were scored during the second examination. All findings were recorded according to our classification scheme. Severity of nasal obstruction was subjectively evaluated by using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We found a significant association between prevalence of NSD and nasal injuries, but there was no association between the mode of delivery and prevalence of NSD. Surprisingly, about 30 % of the participants with NSD had no complaint of nasal obstruction. Although most of the participants in the study had no severe nasal obstruction complaint, we found an association between NSD presence and patient's VAS. NSD is very frequent in the Turkish population and most often related to trauma; however, its effect on patient quality of life varies.

Examination versus subjective nasal obstruction in the evaluation of the nasal septal deviation

Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a frequent complaint among patients in an otolaryngology clinic. The prevalence of NSD varies in different populations and NSD classification schemes are complex. We aimed to determine the prevalence of NSD in a population of Turkish young males using a new NSD classification method that we developed. We compared the results with patients' complaints. All patients underwent two nasal examinations, which were performed using a nasal speculum with and without administration of vasoconstrictor agents. Inferior Concha Hypertrophy (ICH) was evaluated in the first examination and NSDs were scored during the second examination. All findings were recorded according to our classification scheme. Severity of nasal obstruction was subjectively evaluated by using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We found a significant association between prevalence of NSD and nasal injuries, but there was no association between the mode of delivery and prevalence of NSD. Surprisingly, about 30 % of the participants with NSD had no complaint of nasal obstruction. Although most of the participants in the study had no severe nasal obstruction complaint, we found an association between NSD presence and patient's VAS. NSD is very frequent in the Turkish population and most often related to trauma; however, its effect on patient quality of life varies.

Prevalence of Nasal Septal Deviation in New-borns and Its Precipitating Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

To estimate the prevalence of neonatal nasal septal deviation and to identify the precipitating factors. 250 neonates were examined on the 2nd day using Gray's struts for the presence of deviated nasal septum. Struts passing up to the 4cm mark was taken to be normal, while struts getting stuck before the 4cm mark was diagnosed to have deviated septum on that particular side. Out of 250 neonates, 49 had nasal septal deviation. There was significantly higher number of deviations in neonates of primiparas, emergency LSCS and in high birth weight babies. Neonatal septal deviation is quite common, being present in approximately 20% of all newborns. Greater amount of birth trauma increases its incidence further.

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ANATOMIC AND PATHOLOGIC VARIATIONS IN THE FELINE NASAL SEPTUM AND PARANASAL SINUSES

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of nasal septal deviation and variations of the paranasal sinuses in normal and diseased cats. Prevalence of nasal septal deviation was 86.7%, 68.4%, and 71.4% in cats with rhinitis, neoplasia, and normal cats, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.244). There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01) in the magnitude of nasal septal deviation between cats with and cats without nasal disease, using a cutoff value of 1 mm for maximum distance of deviation from midline. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.019) between cats with rhinitis and neoplasia when comparing the presence of a mass (7.7% and 53.8%, respectively), but not when comparing for lysis of the septum. Deviation of the frontal sinus septum occurred in 27.7% of all cats, while the sphenoid septum was oblique and eccentric in 96.6% of all cats. The mean length of the frontal sinus was longer in male cats than female cats. The presence of nasal septal deviation alone cannot be used as a criterion to diagnose nasal disease, but cats with rhinitis or neoplasia have more marked deviation than normal cats. The presence of a mass and lysis of the septum were only seen in cats with nasal disease and a mass is more likely to be seen with neoplasia than rhinitis. Male cats have a longer frontal sinus than female cats. Almost all cats have an oblique, eccentric sphenoid septum.

The prevalence of nasal septal deviation in children from Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal septal deformities among Turkish school children, in the city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Methods: Study included 1234 Caucasian children attending pre-school, primary and secondary schools. All of the children underwent nasal examinations. Pathological septal deformities were grouped into seven types by using Mladina’s classification. The differences among the types of nasal septal deformity (NSD) and between sexes were tested by χ 2-test for independent samples. Results: The overall prevalence of NSD has been found to be 34.9%. For the age groups, the prevalence of NSD was 16.5% in pre-school children, 38.7% in primary school children and 39.9% in secondary school children. Type 1 NSD was the most commonly seen deformity among all age groups. Anterior deformities (types 1 and 2) were the most commonly encountered types in pre-school children, but the occurrences of the posterior deformities (types 3–5) was relatively increased as the age increased. Neither the distribution of NSD types nor the overall prevalence showed any statistically significant difference between both sexes. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of NSD and the occurrence of the posterior deformities was relatively increased as the age increased. Our study may reflect the prevalence of septal deviation in Turkish children in Kahramanmaras, an eastern Mediterranean city of Turkey. However, further studies throughout the country are needed.