Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Complaints Research Articles

Musculoskeletal complaints and disability in a group of young adults with major congenital upper limb differences in The Netherlands

Purpose To determine prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in adults with major congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) compared to able-bodied controls, and to examine associations of MSCs and disability with various biopsychosocial factors. Materials and methods Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study assessing MSCs, disability (using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH)), general and mental health status, physical work demands, and upper extremity range of motion. Results Seventy-one individuals with CoULD (participation rate: 41%) and 71 controls matched on age, gender, and education were included (49% female, mean age 28.9 years). Year prevalence of MSCs was significantly higher in the CoULD group (35%) than in the control group (18%). The CoULD group was less often employed and had lower scores on all measures of upper limb range of motion and hand grip. MSCs were associated with higher DASH scores and higher reported work demands. Disability was associated with female gender, more joints with limited range of motion, unemployment, and lower general and mental health. Factors associated with disability did not differ between groups. Conclusions MSCs are a frequent problem in young adults with major CoULD. To prevent or reduce MSC and disability, clinicians and researchers should be aware of the associated factors. Implications for rehabilitation The year prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in those with major congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) was approximately double to that of the control group, implying a potential relationship between CoULD and MSCs. Rehabilitation professionals should develop personalized strategies to manage work demands in those with CoULD, considering the association between MSCs and higher reported work demands. Recognizing the impact of a negatively perceived body image on mental health, clinicians should integrate psychological counseling into rehabilitation treatments to support mental well-being and improve overall quality of life in those with CoULD. Rehabilitation professionals should educate individuals with CoULD about the potential associations between upper limb work demands, MSCs, and disability.

Investigation of the multi-component ergonomics intervention effects on improving musculoskeletal outcomes and speech communication: A case study in open-plan offices.

Office workers are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) due to improper workstations. Open-plan bank office employees must communicate with bank clerks properly and perform financial activity precisely, but noise is a factor that disrupts their communication. Therefore, MSS and annoying noise are two of the main problems in open-plan offices. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component intervention involving individual (employee ergonomics training) and physical (improvements in workstation design and work environment) ergonomic factors on musculoskeletal outcomes and speech communication in open-plan environments. A preliminary survey was carried out to investigate the overall ergonomics problems, the tasks and time analysis, workstations setup, the prevalence of MSS (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire), physical discomfort (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]), and posture (assessed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] method), environmental status (measurement of noise), and speech intelligibility (assessed by Speech Interference Level [SIL] method based on ISO 9921). The multi-component interventions were performed afterward based on the data collected. A baseline assessment and a 9-month follow-up assessment were conducted. The results showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (shoulders, elbows, and low back), physical discomfort, and awkward working postures after the intervention. A considerable improvement was also found in speech intelligibility post-intervention. The post-intervention questionnaire survey also indicated that employees generally favored the redesigned workstations. The results support the effectiveness of implementing multi-component interventions in open-plan bank offices to improve musculoskeletal complaints and speech communication.

The influence of working/learning remotely on the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in a group of university staff and students

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a fundamental change in the lifestyle and the ways of learning and working patterns which in turn might lead to health consequences including musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions of e-learning and remote working and the impact of the learning/working modality on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among university students and workers in Poland. This study covered 914 students and 451 employees who filled in an anonymous online questionnaire. The questions covered 2 periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the period from October 2020 to June 2021 and were aimed at obtaining information about lifestyle (including physical activity, perceived stress and sleep pattern), ergonomic of computer workstations, the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and headaches. During the outbreak, the severity of musculoskeletal complaints increased significantly in the teaching staff group (3.2±2.5 vs. 4.1±3.0 VAS pts), in the administrative staff group (3.1±2.5 vs. 4.0±3.1 VAS pts), and in the student group (2.8±2.4 vs. 3.5±2.8 VAS pts). The average level of burden and risk of musculoskeletal complaints was revealed by the assessment using the ROSA method, in all 3 study groups. In light of current results, it is very important to educate people on the rational use of new technology devices, including the appropriate design of computer workstations, planning breaks and time for recovery and physical activity. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):63-78.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and health-related quality of life in a Maroon and Kalinya Indigenous rural village in Suriname.

Musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs), a leading contributor to disability worldwide, have a major impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Poor general health related to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity can lead to a higher risk to suffer MSCs. For minority groups in Suriname such as the Maroons and the Indigenous peoples no research has been conducted regarding prevalence of MSCs, HRQoL and various lifestyle factors. The aims were to determine the prevalence of MSCs and HRQoL in two rural tribal villages in the forested interior of Suriname and to identify various lifestyle factors associated with HRQoL in these communities. This was a cross-sectional community-based study using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases stage 1, phase 1 & 2 methodology in Goejaba, a Maroon village and Galibi, an Indigenous rural village. Sociodemographic data, self-reported comorbidities, past MSCs (for longer than seven days), lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), and HRQoL (using the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36)) data were gathered among 153 Indigenous individuals in Galibi, and 516 Maroons in Goejaba. Regression models were constructed to explore associations between presence of MSCs, lifestyle factors and HRQoL. High prevalence rates for past MSCs were reported in Galibi (72.4%) and Goejaba (58.3%). In both communities, respondents with MSCs reported significantly worse HRQoL than persons without MSCs. MSCs and the presence of comorbidities had a strong negative association with HRQoL, whereas PA positively influenced the physical and mental health domains of the SF-36. Smoking, alcohol use and BMI showed no association with HRQoL. In this first study, a high prevalence for MSCs was reported in an Indigenous and Maroon rural community in Suriname. MSCs and comorbidities had a significant negative impact on HRQoL. PA was associated with higher self-reported HRQoL.

État des lieux du risque de survenue de troubles musculosquelettiques dans une unité de production

In 2018, according to the latest report from the French National Cancer Institute (INCa), approximately 400,000 new cases of cancer in France were identified. Fifty-four percent were represented by men and 46% by women. The number of new cases increased between 2010 and 2018 (+6,000 cases for men and 23,000 for women). Hospital pharmacies caring for cancer patients must absorb this flow without having additional human resources or without being able to increase the capacity of the chemotherapy reconstitution unit. And this always while ensuring a quality according to the legal requirements. This increase of activity and the centralization of chemotherapy preparations bring with it new problems: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The objective of this work is, through the improvement of work quality, to prevent and monitor the appearance of MSDs in pharmacy technician team. Initially, using the Nordic questionnaire, an inventory of the pain and genes felt by the staff according to location and duration was conducted with pharmacy technician team. Secondly, an assessment of the risk of occurrence of MSDs in the pharmacy technician team according to the tasks performed was carried out using the Borg CR10 scale and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) checklist. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints over the last twelve months and the last seven days within the sample was highest for the wrists/hands (67% and 56%) and head/neck (56% and 33%). The severity index of musculoskeletal problems at work was 50% for the elbow region and 33% for the wrist/hand region. According to the OSHA checklist, the workstations for the preparation of cytotoxics and the workstations for the preparation of analgesics intended for the intrathecal route obtained a score greater than 5, which is equivalent to a risk of occurrence of MSDs. On the positions evaluated using Borg's CR10 scale, the following body regions saw a significant increase in the strain felt after a day of production: head/neck (P-value 0.04), upper back (P-value 0.03), lower back (P-value 0.03) and legs (0.04). This work made it possible to produce a map of the body regions affected, to identify the positions at risk and to assess the level of risk. Several approaches have been defined to prevent MSDs for the pharmacy technician team. Staff training, by one of the physiotherapists, in muscle warm-ups before a production day is planned. In the continuity of this approach, an expertise by an ergonomist, which could not be carried out due to the health situation and the preventive measures would be essential in order to put in place additional preventive and curative actions.

Do physical work factors and musculoskeletal complaints contribute to the intention to leave or actual dropout in student nurses? A prospective cohort study

Little is known, whether physical workload and musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) have an impact on the intended or actual dropout of nursing students in the later years of their degree program.Studying the determinants of intention to leave and actual dropout from nursing education. We hypothesized that physical workload and MSCs are positively associated with these outcomes.A prospective cohort study among 711 third-year students at a Dutch Bachelor of Nursing degree program. Multivariable backward binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between physical work factors and MSCs, and intention to leave or actual dropout.Intention to leave was 39.9% and actual dropout 3.4%. Of the nursing students, 79% had regular MSCs. The multivariable model for intention to leave showed a significant association with male sex, working at a screen, physical activity, decision latitude, co-worker support, distress and need for recovery. The multivariable model for dropout showed a significant association with living situation (not living with parents), male sex, sick leave during academic year and decision latitude.Our research shows that the prevalence of MSCs among nursing students is surprisingly high, but is not associated with intention to leave nor with actual dropout.

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms, rheumatologic disorders, and disability in the Zoroastrian population in Yazd, Iran: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1)

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, rheumatologic diseases, and disability among the Zoroastrian population in Iran.MethodsThe city of Yazd, in central Iran was selected for this study, with the highest population of Zoroastrians in Iran. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling of 9 neighborhoods populated with Zoroastrians. Subjects ≥15 years old were interviewed by trained interviewers in their houses. The validated Farsi translation of Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Disease (COPCORD) Core Questionnaire (CCQ) was used for this study. Subjects with musculoskeletal complaints (pain, stiffness and/or swelling) were examined by a rheumatologist. Laboratory tests and radiographic exams were performed when deemed necessary.ResultsTwo-thousand subjects were interviewed during a 12-month period, of which 956 were male, and 1044 were female. The mean age was 41.1 ± 18.3 years (95%CI: 40.3–41.9). 36.9% of the subjects had university-level education. In the 7 days prior to the interview, 27.6% of the subjects had musculoskeletal complaints, with the knee, dorsolumbar spine, and shoulder being the most common sites of complaints. The most common rheumatologic diagnoses were osteoarthritis (21.5%) and low back pain (10.3%). Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed in 1.2% of the subjects.ConclusionsThe epidemiology of musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatologic disorders was inconsistent with previous COPCORD studies in Iran, with a lower prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in general, lower rates of Behçet and lupus, and a higher prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. The findings of this study can be for development of better prevention, screening, and treatment programs for the vulnerable population of Zoroastrians in Iran.

The prevalence of upper quadrants work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their predictors among registered nurses

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a significant health challenge facing nurses. However, very few studies investigated the prevalence of WMSDs among nurses and their predictors comprehensively using a valid and reliable set of standardized outcome measures. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence WMSDs of upper quadrants and their predictors among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional study recruited 597 registered nurses from different hospitals in Jordan. A self-administered survey distributed in targeted hospitals wards. Outcome measures included Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), sociodemographic data, and manual handling and work habits. Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was reported using descriptive analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of WMSDs at each upper quadrant body site. Twelve-month WMSDs prevalence was the highest at the neck (61.1%), followed by the upper back (47.2%), shoulders (46.7%), wrist and hands (27.3%), and finally at the elbow (13.9%). Being a female, poor sleep quality, high physical activity level, poor ergonomics, increased workload, and mental stress were significant predictors of increased upper quadrant WMSDs among nurses. Upper quadrant WMSDs among nurses in Jordan are highly prevalent. Identified significant predictors of these WMSDs should be given full consideration by clinicians and health policymakers. Future studies are needed to reveal the progressive nature of upper quadrant WMSDs and strategies to modify their risk factors.

Musculoskeletal manifestation of kidney transplant recipients

Introduction: Kidney transplantation has been established as an effective treatment method for patients with end-stage renal disease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints following kidney transplant. Patient and Methods: We designed a retrospective-descriptive study on kidney transplant recipients. This study was performed on medical records of 1189 kidney transplant patients referring to the kidney transplantation ward of Golestan hospital (Ahvaz, Iran). Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.8 ± 13.5 years. Out of the 1189 patients, 231 (22.3%) had musculoskeletal manifestations, with the most prevalent problem being non-inflammatory pain (41.4%). Additionally, degenerative joint disease, especially in the lumbar spine, was the most common clinical finding in this study (24%). Besides, hypovitaminose D (71.4%) and elevated parathyroid hormone levels (51.3%) and hyperuricemia (50.8%) were the most common laboratory abnormalities observed in our patients. Conclusion: Approximately 22.3% of our renal transplant patients had musculoskeletal manifestations. Attention to earlier detection of these manifestations through regular examinations would reduce the complications and burden of the disease.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Sewing Machine Workers in a Leather Industry.

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders are the group of disorders which affects the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves and supporting blood vessels in the body. Sewing machine involves continuous, repetitive tasks like cutting, assembly, pressing and finishing. These works are performed in a sitting posture with upper back curved forwards and the head is bent towards the sewing machine. Working in this faulty posture for a long time increases the chance of developing work related musculoskeletal disorder among them. The objective of study is prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among sewing machine workers in leather industry.MethodsA non- experimental study with 100 subjects according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the NORDIC QUESTIONNAIRE musculoskeletal pain have been analysed.ResultsThe statistical analysis of this study show 88% of sewing machine workers had a lower back pain in the last 12 months, 82% sewing machine workers had a lower back and knee pain that has been prevented them over last 12 months during normal activity, 86% sewing machine workers had lower back pain in the last 7 days.ConclusionThis study concluded that the 86% experienced low back pain, 84% experienced knee pain and 74% of experienced neck pain in past 7 days. 88% of experienced low back pain, 86% experienced knee pain, 76% experienced neck pain in past 12 months.82% experienced pain in lower back and knee pain and 72% experienced neck pain among sewing machine manual workers that has impacted over last 12 months during normal activity.

Measuring disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to low back pain in Malta

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a public health concern and a leading cause of ill health. A high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints has been reported for Malta, a small European state. The aim was to estimate for the first time the burden of LBP at population level in Malta in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and compare to estimates obtained by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.MethodThe Maltese European Health Interview Survey dataset for 2015 provided the LBP prevalence data through representative self-reported history of chronic LBP within the past 12 months in combination with limitations to daily activities. Proportions of LBP severity (with and without leg pain – mild, moderate, severe and most severe) and their corresponding disability weights followed values reported in the GBD study. Years lived with disability (YLD) for LBP were estimated for the whole population by age and sex. Since LBP does not carry any mortality, YLD reflected DALYs. The estimated local DALYs per 100,000 were compared to the GBD 2017 study results for Malta for the same year.ResultsLBP with activity limitation gave a point prevalence of 6.4% (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 5.7–7.2%) (5.6% males [95% UI 4.6–6.6%]; 7.3% females [95% UI 6.2–8.4%]), contributing to a total of 23,649 (95% UI 20,974–26,463) Maltese suffering from LBP. The LBP DALYs were of 716 (95% UI 558–896) per 100,000. Females experienced higher LBP burden (739 [95% UI 575–927] DALYs per 100,000) than males (693 [95% UI 541–867] DALYs per 100,000). Our DALY estimates were lower than those reported by the GBD 2017 study (i.e., 1829 [95% UI 1300–2466] per 100,000).ConclusionsLBP imposes a substantial burden on the Maltese population. Differences observed between national estimates and those of the GBD study suggest the integration of updated locally sourced data into the model and encouraging local contributors in order to improve the DALY estimates of each country.

Correction to: Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in urban communities in multi-ethnic Suriname: a cross-sectional study with the COPCORD methodology (stage 1, phase 1 and 2).

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Musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienist and students of dental hygiene.

The purpose of the present study was to present an up-to-date report on the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in dental hygienists and dental hygiene students in Israel. It examined the areas of the body that were most frequently affected and the intensity of pain in both groups. The possible differences between groups and the likelihood that musculoskeletal symptoms in students can be attributed to their workload. A modified version of The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess reports of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in general and in different body areas. A numerical pain scale was administered to evaluate pain intensity. Two hundred and five women participated in the study: 85 experienced dental hygienists, 17 dental hygiene students and 103 students in a non-clinical track (control group). MSD reports were the most common in the neck (60%), upper back (52%) and lower back (61%). This tendency was seen across all three groups. Hygiene students differed significantly from the control group in terms of number of body areas with MSD and for pain intensity. By contrast, no significant differences were found between dental hygienists and hygiene students, CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that dental hygienists and students are at high risk of developing MSD. The high prevalence of MSD among hygiene students underscores the need to commence intervention prior to the initiation of fieldwork.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among haemodialysis nurses – a comparison between Danish and Swedish samples

Objective. The repetitiveness of priming and dismantling disposables for haemodialysis treatments might be an important contributor to musculoskeletal complaints. The objective was therefore to compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among haemodialysis nurses in Denmark and Sweden. Methods. For this cross-sectional study, nurses were recruited from haemodialysis centres in Denmark (n = 194) and Sweden (n = 351). Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was evaluated using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Results. The percentage of nurses reporting musculoskeletal complaints from at least one part of their body was 90.2% in the Danish sample and 88.9% in the Swedish sample. The anatomical locations with the most complaints were the neck, lower back and hands. Except for the proportion of complaints concerning the neck, there were no differences between the countries. Absenteeism from work was mostly due to complaints regarding the hands. Conclusion. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints seems to be higher among haemodialysis nurses than among nurses in general. Because complaints concerning the hands are common, and also related to absenteeism from work, it is of particular importance that manufacturers of dialysis equipment and nurse managers acknowledge these occupational health and safety hazards in their efforts to create a good work environment.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in urban communities in multi-ethnic Suriname: a cross-sectional study with the COPCORD methodology (stage 1, phase 1 and 2).

Musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) are a major burden worldwide. In Suriname, a South American developing country, the epidemiology of MSCs and its related disorders is still unknown. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine prevalence and risk factors of MSCs in urban areas of Suriname. This is the first Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases survey in a Caribbean Community. Trained interviewers collecting self-reported data conducted this house-to-house community-based survey. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Stata version 14.1. The prevalence of MSCs was 62.1% with a higher prevalence rate among women compared with men (resp. 64.3% vs. 58.6%) (Odds ratio = 1.185; p ≤ 0.05). The most decisive self-reported variables associated with MSCs were older age (defined as ≥ 45years) and moderate to heavy physical workload. The prevalence of MSCs was also associated with women, low educational level, smoking, alcohol use, high-intensity physical activity level, and body mass index (≥ 25kg/m2). The highest prevalence of MSCs was found among African descendants (Maroons (68.8%) and Creoles (68.0%)), followed by the Indigenous (65.0%) and Asian descendants (Hindustani (64.3%) and Javanese (49.5%)). Most persons with MSCs (75.7%) reported multisite complaints with lower back, knee, and shoulder being the most frequently reported sites. In our study population, MSCs were not considered disabling (mean Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index score of 0.23). The prevalence of MSCs in this urban multi-ethnic Surinamese community is high; therefore, future research is needed to further explore the burden of MSCs in Suriname.Key Points• Musculoskeletal complaints are highly prevalent in different ethnic groups in an urban Surinamese community; almost two-thirds of the population reported MSCs with the highest prevalence rate among women and African descendants.• The most decisive self-reported variables associated with MSCs were older age (defined as ≥ 45years) and moderate to heavy physical workload. Gender, educational level, smoking, alcohol use, high-intensity physical activity, and body mass index were also significantly associated with musculoskeletal complaints.

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Egyptian Dentists Working at Faculty of Dentistry-Ain Shams University

Introduction: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among dentists is high. The symptoms mightimpair work capacity and the future possibility to stay in the profession. In Egypt, data about the prevalence andrisk factors of this problem are scanty. Aim of work: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) and its distribution among dental staff, house officers and students at faculty of Dentistry, to find out theinfluence of personal and job characteristics, physical and psychological risk factors at work on the occurrenceof MSDs and to detect the impact of MSDs on participants’ life. Materials and methods: A cross sectionalstudy was carried out among (403) participants. A self-administered questionnaire that included informationabout: personal and job characteristics, a version of Standard Nordic Questionnaire for occurrence of MSDsand modified version of Demand/Control model Questionnaire from Karasek for psychosocial factors. Results:The overall MSDs prevalence among participants was 66.7%, in which 29.3% had chronic complaints. Neckand shoulder pain were the most prevalent sites of complaint reported by 66.5% and 61.8% of the subjectsrespectively, followed by low back pain and wrist pain (59.3%, 46.2%, respectively). The severity of MSDsforced 24.2% of respondents to take analgesic, 30.1% to reduce their daily activities, and 8.6% to go on sickleave. Dental staff significantly had the highest prevalence of MSDs compared to dental students and houseofficers. Older age participants were more prone to MSDs compared to younger ones; female respondents hadhigher MSDs than male but without statistical significance. As regard the physical factors at work: the useof vibration tool, excessive arm elevation and prolonged standing / sitting were significantly associated withincrease in the prevalence of MSDs. Also psychosocial factors: as poor job control was significantly associatedwith the development of MSDs while high work demand didn’t. Conclusion: Work related musculoskeletaldisorders are significant occupational health problems among both dentists and dental students. Their medicalconsequences justify extensive preventive efforts. Specific occupational health education programs, includingergonomic workplace adaptation should be implemented.

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Complaints among Hospital Nurses and Nursing Home Caregivers in Indonesia

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Complaints among Hospital Nurses and Nursing Home Caregivers in Indonesia

Musculoskeletal complaints among professional divers.

Previous publications have indicated a high risk of musculoskeletal complaints among professional divers. This study aims to investigate which factors influence professional divers' risk of musculoskeletal complaints. Based on data gathered from a postal questionnaire sent to Norwegian inshore divers in 2011, the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, strain injuries and joint pain among divers with different certification levels, work-related tasks and decompression sickness (DCS) experiences were analysed. The risk of musculoskeletal complaints, strain injuries and joint pain was significantly higher among divers working in the quay/construction industry versus divers not working in this industry, and among divers who had experienced DCS. Likewise, a higher risk was found among divers doing construction, inspection, pipelaying, blasting and welding, other physically demanding work, and working with vibrating and/or rotating tools. Having experienced tingling and/or numbness in fingers after working with vibrating and/or rotating tools or having sick leave due to tendonitis, periosteum inflammation, stretch injuries or sprains caused by diving also increased the risk. Professional divers working in the quay/construction industry, divers doing tasks with heavy physical demands and divers having experienced DCS are at a higher risk of musculoskeletal complaints than other professional divers.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) RISK ANALYSIS IN WEST SUMATERA DENTISTS AND DENTAL STUDENTS (Research report)

Introduction: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in dentists is high. The dental practice is assumed to have static movements, awkward, repetitive at work and requires more than 50% of the body muscles to contraction. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in West Sumatera dentists and dental students. Method: The study design was cross sectional study. There were 261 samples by total sampling technique. The instrument was Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and observation sheet BRIEF survey. Bivariate analysis used chi-square test with 95% confidence interval, α = 0.05. Results: There were correlation between work risk in right hand toward right wrist and palm right and on foot to right foot and left foot (p <0,05). There were no correlation between age, regular exercise, sleep duration and length of work toward musculoskeletal disorders complaints. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions may have a good impact in prevention of hand/wrist complaints.

(319) Prevalence and Associated Factors of Musculoskeletal Pain among Adult Pilgrims: Cross-Sectional Results from 59 Nationalities

Musculoskeletal pain is a primary burden on individuals, social and health care systems. Annually, two-to-three million Muslims pilgrims perform Hajj as a religious duty in the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Hajj involves high physical demands as pilgrims move, generally by foot, between a series of religious sites over 5-7 days with distances of an average of 5-15 km/day. This is likely to exceed the typical physical activity exposure for most individuals and is further complicated by overcrowding, extreme heat and fatigue. The aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain by anatomical sites among adult pilgrims and to study potential associations with individual characteristics, history of major medical conditions, beliefs about Hajj, and falls during the Hajj. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of Hajj. Data were collected after completion of the 2nd day of Hajj (21-31 August 2018) by volunteers who approach individuals at different sites of Mecca city using an online application or paper form. The main inclusion criteria were adult pilgrims aged 18 or older. Participants were allowed reporting more than one site of pain. A total of 2,110 responses was received, of which 1,715 were complete. The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was high (82.3%). For both sexes, foot/ankle pain was the most frequent musculoskeletal symptom (39.1%), followed by leg pain (30.4%), low back pain (28.4%), knee pain (23.0%), and shoulder pain (16.1%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that musculoskeletal complaints were more likely in females, older individuals, individuals who smoke, had diabetes and hypertension, those who believed that Hajj was physically exhausted, and those who had experienced a fall during Hajj. These data provide guidance for the potential nature of preventative programs and the allocation of resources to optimise individual's experience and capacity to complete Hajj.