Prevalence Of Mild Cognitive Impairment Research Articles

Glycemic Control, Cognitive Aging, and Impairment Among Diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos).

Hispanics/Latinos in the United States have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes and are at increased risk for cognitive impairment. In this study, we examine glycemic control in relation to cognitive aging and impairment in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos of diverse heritages. Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) is a Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) ancillary study. HCHS/SOL is a multisite (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA), probability sampled prospective cohort study. SOL-INCA enrolled 6,377 diverse Hispanics/Latinos age 50 years and older (2016-2018). The primary outcomes were cognitive function, 7-year cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The primary glycemia exposure variables were measured from fasting blood samples collected at HCHS/SOL visit 1 (2008-2011). Visit 1 mean age was 56.5 years ± 8.2 SD, and the average glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was 6.12% (43.5 ± 14.6 mmol/mol). After covariates adjustment, higher HbA1c was associated with accelerated 7-year global (b = -0.045; 95% CI = -0.070; -0.021; in z-score units) and executive cognitive decline, and a higher prevalence of MCI (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11;1.29). Elevated HbA1c levels were associated with 7-year executive cognitive decline and increased MCI risk among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Our findings indicate that poor glycemic control in midlife may pose significant risks for cognitive decline and MCI later in life among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse heritages.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy according to the criteria of the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA).

Breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy can develop cognitive impairment. There is no gold standard for defining cognitive impairment. We applied the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to determine its prevalence in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and examine differences between patients with and without MCI. We used pre-existing cognitive data on 5 neuropsychological test outcomes (verbal memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and verbal fluency) gathered from 240 breast cancer patients who received adjuvant conventional (n = 154) or high-dose chemotherapy (n = 86). Assessments occurred 6 or 12months post-chemotherapy and results were compared with data from 66 women without cancer. MCI was defined by the following: (i) presence of concern regarding a change in cognition, (ii) impairment in one or more cognitive tests (1.5 standard deviation below a normative mean), (iii) preservation of independence in functional abilities, and (iv) the absence of dementia. Twenty percent (n = 49) of breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy (conventional therapy n = 29 (12%), high-dose therapy = 20 (8.3%)) met the criteria for MCI, compared with 7.6% (n = 5) of controls. Prevalence was significantly different between patients and controls (P = 0.020, and corrected for IQ P < 0.001). Patients with MCI had significant lower education levels (P < 0.002) and premorbid IQ (P = 0.001) compared with patients without MCI. Twenty percent of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy met NIA-AA criteria for MCI, compared with 7.6% of the controls. These criteria, which include formal test performance as well as a person's symptoms and functional status, can be useful in clinical practice and scientific research.

Prevalence of and Annual Conversion Rates to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Prospective, Longitudinal Study of an Essential Tremor Cohort.

Despite recent attention to cognitive impairment in essential tremor, few studies examine rates of conversion to diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Development of dementia in essential tremor is associated with loss of functional ability and a doubling of mortality rate. This prospective, longitudinal study comprehensively reports the prevalence and incidence of, and the annual rates of conversion to, mild cognitive impairment and dementia in an essential tremor cohort. Patients underwent detailed cognitive assessments and were assigned diagnoses of normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. There were 222 patients at baseline (mean age = 79.3 ± 9.7 years), and 177 patients participated in follow-up evaluations at 18, 36, 54, and 72 months (mean years of observation = 5.1 ± 1.7). Data were compared to those of historical controls and Parkinson disease patients. The cumulative prevalence of dementia and average annual conversion rate of mild cognitive impairment to dementia were 18.5% and 12.2%, nearly three times higher than rates in the general population, and approximately one half the magnitude of those reported for Parkinson disease patients. The cumulative prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (26.6%) was almost double that of the general population, but less than that in Parkinson disease populations. We present the most complete exposition of the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive impairment in an essential tremor cohort yet presented. The prevalence of and conversion rates to dementia in essential tremor fall between those associated with the natural course of aging and the more pronounced rates observed in Parkinson disease. ANN NEUROL 2024.

Signatures and Discriminative Abilities of Multi-Omics between States of Cognitive Decline

Dementia poses a substantial global health challenge, warranting an exploration of its intricate pathophysiological mechanisms and potential intervention targets. Leveraging multi-omic technology, this study utilizes data from 2251 participants to construct classification models using lipidomic, gut metabolomic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic markers to distinguish between the states of cognitive decline, namely, the cognitively unimpaired state, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. The analysis identifies three CSF proteins (apolipoprotein E, neuronal pentraxin-2, and fatty-acid-binding protein), four lipids (DEDE.18.2, DEDE.20.4, LPC.O.20.1, and LPC.P.18.1), and five serum gut metabolites (Hyodeoxycholic acid, Glycohyodeoxycholic acid, Hippuric acid, Glyceric acid, and Glycodeoxycholic acid) capable of predicting dementia prevalence from cognitively unimpaired participants, achieving Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.879 (95% CI: 0.802–0.956), 0.766 (95% CI: 0.700–0.835), and 0.717 (95% CI: 0.657–0.777), respectively. Furthermore, exclusively three CSF proteins exhibit the potential to predict mild cognitive impairment prevalence from cognitively unimpaired subjects, with an AUC of 0.760 (95% CI: 0.691–0.828). In conclusion, we present novel combinations of lipids, gut metabolites, and CSF proteins that showed discriminative abilities between the states of cognitive decline and underscore the potential of these molecules in elucidating the mechanisms of cognitive decline.

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elders in Chongqing, China

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elders in Chongqing, China

Prefrontal intra-individual ERP variability and its asymmetry: exploring its biomarker potential in mild cognitive impairment

BackgroundThe worldwide trend of demographic aging highlights the progress made in healthcare, albeit with health challenges like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), prevalent in individuals aged 65 and above. Its early detection at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage is crucial. Event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained by averaging EEG segments responded to repeated events are vital for cognitive impairment research. Consequently, examining intra-trial ERP variability is vital for comprehending fluctuations within psychophysiological processes of interest. This study aimed to investigate cognitive deficiencies and instability in MCI using ERP variability and its asymmetry from a prefrontal two-channel EEG device.MethodsIn this study, ERP variability for both target and non-target responses was examined using the response variance curve (RVC) in a sample comprising 481 participants with MCI and 1,043 age-matched healthy individuals. The participants engaged in auditory selective attention tasks. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The research employed various statistical methods, including independent t-tests, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. These analyses were conducted to investigate group differences and explore the relationships between neuropsychological test results, ERP variability and its asymmetry measures, and the prevalence of MCI.ResultsOur results showed that patients with MCI exhibited unstable cognitive processing, characterized by increased ERP variability compared to cognitively normal (CN) adults. Multiple logistic regression analyses confirmed the association between ERP variability in the target and non-target responses with MCI prevalence, independent of demographic and neuropsychological factors.DiscussionThe unstable cognitive processing in the MCI group compared to the CN individuals implies abnormal neurological changes and reduced and (or) unstable attentional maintenance during cognitive processing. Consequently, utilizing ERP variability measures from a portable EEG device could serve as a valuable addition to the conventional ERP measures of latency and amplitude. This approach holds significant promise for identifying mild cognitive deficits and neural alterations in individuals with MCI.

Associations of eating out and dietary diversity with mild cognitive impairment among in community-dwelling older adults.

Dementia is a critical later life health issue that occurs among members of aging societies. This study examined the relationships between eating out, dietary diversity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed data from 597 older adults (median age 73.0 years [interquartile range 69.0-78.0] and 62.6% females). We applied the Food Frequency Score (FFS) to evaluate diet variety and the weekly consumption frequencies of ten food items were determined. The Functional Assessment Tool from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology was used to evaluate MCI. Finally, we asked the participants how often they ate out each month; those who replied 'none' were categorized into the "non-eating out" group. The overall prevalence of MCI was 122 (20.4%), with a higher prevalence in the low dietary diversity group than in the high dietary diversity group (28.6% vs. 18.6%). After adjusting for covariates, the participants who self-described as not eating out were independently associated with low dietary diversity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-3.20), while low dietary diversity was associated with MCI (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.02-2.87). Structural equation models revealed that not eating out had no direct effect on MCI but was associated with MCI via low dietary diversity (root mean square error of approximation = 0.030, goodness-of-fit index=0.999, and adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.984). Although non-eating out may not have a direct effect on MCI, an indirect relationship may exist between eating-out habits and MCI via dietary diversity status.

Correlation of dietary inflammation index and dietary pattern with mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the dietary patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the correlation of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with MCI. MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data and calculate DII. Dietary patterns were determined by reduced-rank regression (RRR), grouping dietary pattern scores and DII into quartiles, with logistic regression for correlation analysis. Dose–response relationships between dietary pattern scores, DII and diabetic MCI were explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS). A mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether DII mediates the association between dietary patterns and MCI. ResultsIn the “Mediterranean-style dietary pattern”, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having MCI was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.20–0.68; p for trend=0.002) in the highest versus lowest quartiles of the dietary score. In the “high-meat and low-vegetable pattern”, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having MCI was 6.84 (95% CI: 3.58–13.10; p for trend<0.001) in the highest versus lowest quartiles of the dietary score. In the “Western-style dietary pattern”, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having MCI was 2.48 (95% CI: 1.38–4.46; p for trend=0.001). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having MCI was 3.99 (95% CI: 2.14–7.42; p for trend<0.001) in the highest versus lowest quartiles of DII.There is a non-linear dose–response relationship between the “high-meat and low-vegetable pattern” score and the prevalence of MCI, as well as the DII and the prevalence of MCI. The DII partially mediated the impact of the “Mediterranean-style dietary pattern” and the “high-meat and low-vegetable pattern” on MCI. ConclusionIn T2DM patients, greater adherence to the “Mediterranean-style dietary pattern” is associated with a lower probability of having MCI. However, excessive consumption of meat, especially red meat and processed meat, combined with a lack of vegetable intake, is associated with a higher probability of having MCI. Greater adherence to the “Western-style dietary pattern” is associated with a higher probability of having MCI. In addition, a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher probability of having MCI, and DII partially mediates the impact of dietary patterns on MCI.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Evaluating a new treatment pathway for service users and carers

The prevalence of MCI is increasing in older adults; living with MCI not only negatively affects older people’s daily living and quality of life, but also increases the likelihood of developing dementia in the future. However, not all individuals will progress to dementia, which highlights the importance of developing preventative strategies and appropriate interventions to delay the onset of dementia. Given the current emphasis across the healthcare system on the need for psychosocial interventions that reduce the risk of dementia, the Specialist Dementia and Frailty Service (SDFS) in West Essex has launched a new MCI pathway, which runs as a pilot for one year to offer support for individuals with MCI and their caregivers. The current service evaluation aims to evaluate older people’s and their carers’ experiences of receiving a diagnosis in conjunction with exploring ideas about what they would find helpful in terms of post diagnostic support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with service users and their carers over the telephone. Service users had received an MCI diagnosis and were either awaiting an intervention from the pathway or had received some form of post diagnostic support. Data was collected through an interview schedule and analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Themes highlighted the varying emotional experiences of receiving the diagnosis, the confusing and ambiguous process of MCI, the helpful and less helpful aspects of the support received, and ideas for future support. Findings from the service evaluation fit with the wider MCI literature and research. Some implications for the memory service are discussed, including individualised support, peer support, additional regular check ins and follow ups from the service, and support for carers.

Assessment indexes of cognitive status, anxiety and depression in senior women with diff erent severity of frailty

Frailty is a key geriatric syndrome characterized by an age-associated diminution of the physiological reserve and functions of many body systems leading to increased vulnerability of the elderly people to the eff ects of endo- and exogenous factors. The combination of frailty, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression is a signifi cant clinical predictor for an unfavorable prognosis.Purpose. Identifi cation and study of the relationship of cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and frailty assessment indexes in female patients over 60 years old, observed on an outpatient basis.Material and methods. The study included 80 women over 60 years old. All participants were divided into 4 groups: non-frail (10 women), pre-frail (44 women), mildly frail (20 women), more-frail (6 women). A comprehensive clinical examination was carried out: Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), phonetic association test, semantic association test, Beck anxiety inventory, geriatric depression scale–15 (GDS-15), questionnaire “Age is no barrier”, Frailty index (FI, Hoover et al., 2013).Results. All women in 4 groups did not signifi cantly diff er in age. There was no statistically signifi cant diff erence in the MMSE, FAB data and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence among the groups. Lower rates of MoCA scale were associated with higher probability of frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95 confi dence interval (CI) CI: 0.63–0.96, p = 0.016). The cut-off level of 26 and lower according MoCA has sensitivity 69% and specifi city 50% to detect of high frailty risk (according FI). Questionnaire “Age is no barrier” has a sensitivity of 86% and a specifi city of 53% to detect prefrailty (score 1–2) and a sensitivity of 69% and a specifi city of 87% to detect the presence of frailty (score ≥ 3) regarding FI. Combined sensitivity of MoCA (≤ 26 score) and questionnaire “Age is no barrier” (≥ 3 score) of 78%, combined specifi city of 69%. Higher rates of Beck anxiety inventory and GDS-15 were associated with frailty (OR = 1.12; 95 CI: 1.02–1.22, p = 0.0134 and OR = 1.39; 95 CI: 1.05–1.84, p = 0.0201, respectively). A higher index of the Beck anxiety inventory was also associated with mild cognitive impairment according MoCA (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.2, p = 0.003). Arterial hypertension was signifi cantly more common for women with FS (χ2 = 4.23, p = 0.04).Conclusion. There was no signifi cant association between MMSE, FAB, MCI prevalence and the severity of frailty in senior women due to the insuffi cient study power (&lt; 80%). MoCA cut-off ≤ 26 score is associated with higher burden of frailty. The questionnaire «Age is no barrier» is an acceptable screening method for determining the necessity of additional geriatric examination of independently living women over 60 years old. Higher rates of the Beck anxiety inventory, GDS-15, BMI, lower rates of MoCA scale and arterial hypertension are associated with high rates of FS and may be predictors for the frailty progression.

A nomogram prediction model for mild cognitive impairment in non-dialysis outpatient patients with chronic kidney disease

Background The high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in non-dialysis individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts their prognosis and quality of life. Objective This study aims to investigate the variables associated with MCI in non-dialysis outpatient patients with CKD and to construct and verify a nomogram prediction model. Methods 416 participants selected from two hospitals in Chengdu, between January 2023 and June 2023. They were categorized into two groups: the MCI group (n = 210) and the non-MCI (n = 206). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent influences (candidate predictor variables). Subsequently, regression models was constructed, and a nomogram was drawn. The restricted cubic spline diagram was drawn to further analyze the relationship between the continuous numerical variables and MCI. Internally validated using a bootstrap resampling procedure. Results Among 416 patients, 210 (50.9%) had MCI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, educational level, occupational status, use of smartphones, sleep disorder, and hemoglobin were independent influencing factors of MCI (all p<.05). The model’s area under the curve was 0.926,95% CI (0.902, 0.951), which was a good discriminatory measure; the Calibration curve, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and the Clinical Decision Curve suggested that the model had good calibration and clinical benefit. Internal validation results showed the consistency index was 0.926, 95%CI (0.925, 0.927). Conclusion The nomogram prediction model demonstrates good performance and can be used for early screening and prediction of MCI in non-dialysis patients with CKD. It provides valuable reference for medical staff to formulate corresponding intervention strategies.

Protective effect of bilingualism on aging, MCI, and dementia: A community-based study.

Lifelong bilingualism is associated with a delayed age at onset of dementia, but evidence from community-based studies is limited. We investigated the relationship between bilingualism and the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a linguistically diverse community. A door-to-door community study was conducted from January to December 2021 in urban Bengaluru, India. 1234 individuals aged ≥60 years participated in the study. Participants were diagnosed with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia using established diagnostic criteria. Dementia prevalence was higher in monolinguals (4.9%) than bilinguals (0.4%) (P=.001). The prevalence of MCI was also higher in monolinguals (8.5%) than bilinguals (5.3%) (P=.001). The study also revealed better cognitive function in bilinguals than monolinguals with NCI, after controlling for confounding variables. The current study provides significant support for the protective effect of bilingualism on cognitive impairment in an urban community with extensive bilingual interactional contexts in everyday life. Bilingualism has been demonstrated to protect against dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a linguistically diverse community with extensive code-switching contexts. Bilingual older individuals had superior baseline cognitive performance compared to monolingual older individuals. Bilingualism was found to have an independent effect on general cognition after adjusting for major social determinants of health in the group without cognitive impairment.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia among rural dwellers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in rural areas are increasingly attracting public attention. However, their prevalence is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the distribution of MCI and dementia in rural areas. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO up to June 2023 for cohort and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to evaluate the prevalence of MCI and dementia. Thirty-five studies with 16,936 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of MCI and dementia was 27 % (n = 12, 95 %CI = 0.21–0.32, I2 = 99.5 %, P < 0.001) and 7 % (n = 27, 95 %CI = 0.05–0.08, I2 = 99.30 %, P < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that aged 60 years or older [(MCI: 29 %, 95 %CI = 0.20–0.38, I2 = 99.7 %, P < 0.001), (dementia: 9 % (95 %CI = 0.06–0.12, I2 = 99 %, P < 0.001)], female [(MCI: 29 %, 95 %CI = 0.19–0.40, I2 = 99.3 %, P < 0.001), (dementia: 7 %, 95 % CI = 0.04–0.12, I2 = 98.66 %, P < 0.001)], a-MCI (19 %, 95 %CI = 0.12–0.26, I2 = 97.62 %, P < 0.001) and AD (4 %, 95 %CI = 0.02–0.05, I2 = 98.60 %, P < 0.001) showed higher prevalence. The prevalence of MCI and dementia in rural China was 23 % (95 %CI = 0.18–0.29, I2 = 99.5 %, P < 0.001) and 6 % (95 %CI = 0.04–0.08, I2 = 99.6 %, P < 0.001), respectively. Implementing cognitive impairment screening and intervention measures is necessary to improve the cognitive function of the rural population.

Study protocol for a prediction model for mild cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes mellitus and construction of a nurse-led screening system: a prospective observational study

IntroductionWith an increasing number of older adults in China, the number of people with cognitive impairment is also increasing. To decrease the risk of dementia, it is necessary to timely...

Abstract WP240: Long Term Impact of the Los Angeles Barbershop Blood Pressure Study on Stroke/TIA and Cognitive Impairment

Background: Individuals with poorly controlled blood pressure (BP) have a heightened risk of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. BP reduction has been associated with reduced risk of future stroke and cognitive impairment. Black Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension and neurologic-target organ damage. Interventions targeted to reduce these disparities are greatly needed. From 2/2015 - 7/2017, 307 Black men were enrolled into a cluster randomised, pharmacist-led BP reduction intervention at 52 Black-owned barbershops in Los Angeles, CA [the Los Angeles Barbershop BP Study (LABBPS)] which demonstrated significant improvement in BP control sustained over a 12-month period. The current study evaluates the long-term impact of the intervention on incident stroke/TIA and prevalent mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Living participants from the LABBPS were contacted via telephone for interval health history inquiring about the development of symptoms consistent with stroke/TIA since trial end and via telephone interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M); whereby a score ≤34 was considered positive for possible amnestic MCI. Rates of stroke/TIA were compared using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Results: Out of 288 participants, 115 men (50%) with mean (SD) age 62 (9) years, were successfully contacted a median of 6 years after trial end. The distribution of TICS-M scores was similar between groups with 71% and 70% having an abnormal result in the intervention and control groups respectively. Self-reported stroke/TIA occurred in 4 men in the intervention group and 9 in the control group (p = 0.13). Conclusion: Barbershop-based interventions have proven effective in lowering BP in Black men, a group at disparate risk for neurovascular complications. The preliminary results of our follow-up study do not show a significant difference in possible MCI between treatment arms, though there was a trend towards lower incident stroke/TIA seen in the intervention group. Limitations include a lack of interval BP values, unknown durability of the intervention beyond 12 months, and disproportionate impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health of African American communities which is not accounted for in this analysis.

Psychometric Evaluation of a Tablet-Based Tool to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study.

With the rapid aging of the global population, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is anticipated to surge worldwide. MCI serves as an intermediary stage between normal aging and dementia, necessitating more sensitive and effective screening tools for early identification and intervention. The BrainFx SCREEN is a novel digital tool designed to assess cognitive impairment. This study evaluated its efficacy as a screening tool for MCI in primary care settings, particularly in the context of an aging population and the growing integration of digital health solutions. The primary objective was to assess the validity, reliability, and applicability of the BrainFx SCREEN (hereafter, the SCREEN) for MCI screening in a primary care context. We conducted an exploratory study comparing the SCREEN with an established screening tool, the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen. A concurrent mixed methods, prospective study using a quasi-experimental design was conducted with 147 participants from 5 primary care Family Health Teams (FHTs; characterized by multidisciplinary practice and capitated funding) across southwestern Ontario, Canada. Participants included health care practitioners, patients, and FHT administrative executives. Individuals aged ≥55 years with no history of MCI or diagnosis of dementia rostered in a participating FHT were eligible to participate. Participants were screened using both the SCREEN and Qmci. The study also incorporated the Geriatric Anxiety Scale-10 to assess general anxiety levels at each cognitive screening. The SCREEN's scoring was compared against that of the Qmci and the clinical judgment of health care professionals. Statistical analyses included sensitivity, specificity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability assessments. The study found that the SCREEN's longer administration time and complex scoring algorithm, which is proprietary and unavailable for independent analysis, presented challenges. Its internal consistency, indicated by a Cronbach α of 0.63, was below the acceptable threshold. The test-retest reliability also showed limitations, with moderate intraclass correlation coefficient (0.54) and inadequate κ (0.15) values. Sensitivity and specificity were consistent (63.25% and 74.07%, respectively) between cross-tabulation and discrepant analysis. In addition, the study faced limitations due to its demographic skew (96/147, 65.3% female, well-educated participants), the absence of a comprehensive gold standard for MCI diagnosis, and financial constraints limiting the inclusion of confirmatory neuropsychological testing. The SCREEN, in its current form, does not meet the necessary criteria for an optimal MCI screening tool in primary care settings, primarily due to its longer administration time and lower reliability. As the number of digital health technologies increases and evolves, further testing and refinement of tools such as the SCREEN are essential to ensure their efficacy and reliability in real-world clinical settings. This study advocates for continued research in this rapidly advancing field to better serve the aging population. RR2-10.2196/25520.

A Single-Stage Population-Based Study of the Relationship between Cognitive and Somatic Health Parameters in Children of Secondary School Age

Background. One of the four important components of the formation of cognitive functions is somatic health. But to date, there are no population studies that consider the relationship with cognitive functions and school performance of a large range of somatic factors, which allows us to compare the strength of their hypothetical contribution to cognitive functioning with each other. This study is the second part of a population-based study, the first part of which is presented in the previous publication "A Single-Stage Population-Based Study of the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Children of Secondary School Age". Aims — to determine the main patterns in the relationship between cognitive-academic and somatic factors in a cohort of Russian children, 5th grade students at school. Methods. In Russian schoolchildren of the 5th grades of municipalities representing cities of all federal districts of the Russian Federation, the links with integrative cognitive success, the number of subtests performed at the level of mild cognitive impairment, the results of individual cognitive subtests, academic performance and the leading hand factor were analyzed — the following somatic factors: the presence of skin pathology, bronchial asthma, orthopedic, ophthalmological disorders, visual acuity, body mass index, parameters of the study of the function of external respiration, electrocardiography, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, laboratory blood tests. Results. The results of the survey of 1036 participants, 51% of them girls, were admitted to the analysis. It has been established that iron content is directly related to integrative cognitive success and school performance, the relationship is especially strong between subgroups of iron content above and below 26.4 mmol/l. Clinical levels of erythrocytes are more strongly associated with integrative cognitive success and individual cognitive functions than other factors: in erythropenia cognitive parameters are worse. The presence of thyroid cysts directly correlates with some of the worst parameters of cognitive activity. High body mass index and low hemoglobin are associated with poorer academic performance. Conclusions. The results of the study for the first time on a cohort of Russian schoolchildren showed a connection with cognitive activity and school performance of a number of somatic factors, including iron content, which requires further in-depth study.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study.

Gulf War Illness (GWI), also called Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI), is a multi-faceted condition that plagues an estimated 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans. Symptoms of GWI/CMI include fatigue, pain, and cognitive dysfunction. We previously reported that 12% of a convenience sample of middle aged (median age 52 years) GW veterans met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a clinical syndrome most prevalent in older adults (e.g., ≥70 years). The current study sought to replicate and extend this finding. We used the actuarial neuropsychological criteria and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess the cognitive status of 952 GW veterans. We also examined regional brain volumes in a subset of GW veterans (n = 368) who had three Tesla magnetic resonance images (MRIs). We replicated our previous finding of a greater than 10% rate of MCI in four additional cohorts of GW veterans. In the combined sample of 952 GW veterans (median age 51 years at time of cognitive testing), 17% met criteria for MCI. Veterans classified as MCI were more likely to have CMI, history of depression, and prolonged (≥31 days) deployment-related exposures to smoke from oil well fires and chemical nerve agents compared to veterans with unimpaired and intermediate cognitive status. We also replicated our previous finding of hippocampal atrophy in veterans with MCI, and found significant group differences in lateral ventricle volumes. Because MCI increases the risk for late-life dementia and impacts quality of life, it may be prudent to counsel GW veterans with cognitive dysfunction, CMI, history of depression, and high levels of exposures to deployment-related toxicants to adopt lifestyle habits that have been associated with lowering dementia risk. With the Food and Drug Administration's recent approval of and the VA's decision to cover the cost for anti-amyloid β (Aβ) therapies, a logical next step for this research is to determine if GW veterans with MCI have elevated Aβ in their brains.

A Community-Based Study of Dementia in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Individuals.

Little information is available on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexican American persons. To determine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in those 65 years and older among Mexican American and non-Hispanic white individuals in a community. This was a population-based cohort study in Nueces County, Texas, USA. Participants were recruited using a random housing sample. The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment (HCAP) participant and informant protocol was performed after Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening. An algorithm was used to sort participants into diagnostic categories: no cognitive impairment, MCI, or dementia. Logistic regression determined the association of ethnicity with MCI and dementia controlling for age, gender, and education. 1,901 participants completed the MoCA and 547 the HCAP. Mexican Americans were younger and had less educational attainment than non-Hispanic whites. Overall, dementia prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 9.2-14.0) and MCI prevalence was 21.2% (95% CI 17.5-24.8). After adjusting for age, gender, and education level, there was no significant ethnic difference in the odds of dementia or MCI. Those with ≤11 compared with ≥16 years of education had much higher dementia [OR = 4.9 (95% CI 2.2-11.1)] and MCI risk [OR = 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-7.5)]. Dementia and MCI prevalence were high in both Mexican American and non-Hispanic white populations. Mexican American persons had double the odds of mild cognitive impairment and this was attenuated when age and educational attainment were considered. Educational attainment was a potent predictor of cognitive impairment.

The plasma derived exosomal miRNA-483-5p/502-5p serve as potential MCI biomarkers in aging

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is rapidly becoming one of the most costly, fatal diseases, which is typically discovered in the late stage of molecular pathology, at which point medication intervention is irreversible. As a result, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, least-invasive way of screening cognitive impairment, with the goal of identifying persons at risk of AD. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been described as a transitional state between normal cognitive aging and AD. Early detection and timely tracking of MCI can to some extent prevent the progression towards AD. We found a population in Northwestern China has a comparatively high prevalence of MCI. Continued education, consistent exercise, and a secure financial situation can all help older people maintain cognitive function. Due to the critical role of circulating microRNAs in intercellular signaling and the perturbations thereof, their investigation has assumed paramount significance in elucidating various pathological conditions. Numerous investigations have substantiated the significance of circulating miRNAs specifically in MCI. Here, we evaluated miR-483-5p (Area Under the Curve (AUC) is 0.901, sensitivity 79.2 % and specificity 100 %) and miR-502-5p (AUC is 0.872, sensitivity 79.2 % and specificity 83.3 %), which were derived from plasma exosomes and maintained at high levels in elderly people with MCI, could be employed as promising noninvasive biomarkers.