Prevalence Of Maxillary Sinus Septa Research Articles

Prevalence and Features of Maxillary Sinus Septa in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Technique.

The development of the maxillary sinus is different in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to non-CLP individuals. To investigate the prevalence and features of maxillary sinus septa (MSS) in patients with CLP in comparison with the non-CLP population. Retrospective study. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation. CLP center in Shiraz faculty of dentistry, Iran. A total 306 sinuses (88 cleft and 218 noncleft) on 153 images (CLP group: n = 66; control group: n = 87) were examined to determine the prevalence of septa and characterize them. Sinus septa were characterized according to height, orientation, angle, origin, and location. The chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of septa was 28.9% and 32.1% in the CLP and control groups, respectively. No significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of prevalence, location, and orientation of MSS. The average height and angle of septa were significantly higher in the control group compared to the CLP group. Inferior origin was significantly more prevalent in the control group than in the CLP group (P = .004). There was no difference in the prevalence of MSS between patients with CLP and non-CLP individuals. However, certain features of the septa were different in patients with CLP.

Analysis of the Prevalence, Location, and Morphology of Maxillary Sinus Septa in a Northern Chinese Population by Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to survey the prevalence and morphology of the maxillary sinus septum, which might increase the rate of maxillary sinus membrane perforation during maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery, among northern Chinese, and to further analyze the relationship between gender, age, edentulous type, and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa. Methods The cross-sectional retrospective study was based on an analysis of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of maxillary sinus which had been obtained from patients who visited radiology department of Beijing Stomatology Hospital of Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. The data of demographic characteristic, prevalence, position, direction, and morphology of maxillary sinus septum were collected and further analyzed by SPSS version 25.0.1 and R version 3.5.1 software program. Results 595 patients were included in this study, and 1190 maxillary sinuses were analyzed and the incidence rate of the sinus septum was 46.9%. 399 (33.5%) sinuses had one or more septa in 279 (46.9%) patients. In addition, maxillary sinus septa incidence showed no significant differences among gender, age, and edentulous type. The segment second molar had the highest incidence rate of septa. Conclusion In this study, a higher incidence of the maxillary sinus septum was found in the northern Chinese, and its distribution varied with its position, morphology, and direction.

Prevalence and Location of Maxillary Sinus Septum and its Relation to Maxillary Sinusitis

Introduction: Maxillary sinus septum is an anatomical variation in the maxillary sinus. Sinus septum is also an important anatomical structure that complicates sinus lift procedure during dental implant placement. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa and its relation to maxillary sinusitis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT scan). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Periodontics and Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal during July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical clearance. In total, 110 subjects and 220 maxillary sinuses were included in the study for evaluation by convenience sampling. The presence of septa, their location and association with maxillary sinusitis were evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS software with Statistical level set at P<0.05 for significance. Results: The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in this study was 54 (49.09%). Statistically significant association was found between sinus septa with maxillary sinusitis (p=0.038) and location of septum in the arch (p=0.001). Conclusion: Presence and distribution of maxillary sinus septa is important in planning sinus surgeries and placement of implant in maxillary posterior region.

Maxillary Sinus Septa: Prevalence and Variation with Gender and Location

Introduction: Maxillary sinus septa are partitions of cortical bone dividing the sinus into multiple compartments. Their presence and dimension are of relevance to periodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as otolaryngologists. Objective: To determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and its variation with gender and location in sampled Nepali population. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Periodontics, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre after ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling was done for 433 orthopantomograms (OPGs) with clearly visible maxillary sinus and absence of pathological or developmental changes. Each OPG was observed for presence of septa. Presence or absence of septa was noted along with position and site of septa. Gender of subjects was also noted. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS 21.0. Results: Among observed radiographs, 148 (34.18%) showed presence of maxillary sinus septa. Septa were more prevalent among males (84, 56.76%) than females 64 (43.24%); with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Unilateral occurrence (97, 65.54%) of septa was greater than bilateral (51, 34.46%). onclusion: This study may serve as baseline data for prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and may aid in treatment planning during dental implant placements and surgical procedures of maxillary sinus.

Retrospective analysis of maxillary sinus septa – A cone beam computed tomography study

BackgroundSinus lift procedures have become a routine and reliable way to gain bone volume in the posterior maxilla for implant placement. The presence of an antral septum in the maxillary sinus increases the risk of complications and subsequent implant failure. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and its correlation with age, sex, dentition status and the risk of perforating the Schneiderian membrane using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study consisted of a total of 178 CBCT images (100 male, 78 female), 63.0% were dentate, 36.0% partially dentate and 1.1% edentate subjects with a mean age of 35 ± 45 years was analyzed to determine the prevalence, height, location, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa. The septa were classified according to the modified Al-Faraje’s classification into VII septal patterns, and the risk of perforation of the Schneiderian membrane was estimated. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and Student’s t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables. ResultsSepta were present in 25.6% of the sinus segments (37.64% of the subjects). The mean septum height was 5.22 mm ± 2.06 in males and 6.27 mm ± 3.55 in females. The majority of septa were located in the middle 76.92%, while 4.40% were anterior, and 18.68% were posterior; 76.92% were in a buccopalatal direction, whereas 23.08% were in an anteroposterior direction. Class III was the most prevalent type. Overall, 60.4% had a moderate risk of membrane perforation, 30.8% had a low risk, and only 8.8% had a high risk. ConclusionThree-dimensional CBCT image analyses can be used as a diagnostic tool to provide accurate information that can help avoid unnecessary intra- and postoperative complications during sinus augmentation procedures by identifying the anatomic structures inherent to the maxillary sinus.

Retrospective evaluation of the maxillary sinus septa morphology and it’s incidence in the Şanlıurfa population

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; maksiller sinüste septa görülme sıklığını, septa sayısını, konumunu ve septanın maksiller sinüste yönelimini bilgisayarlı tomografi ile tespit etmektir. Ayrıca, sinus septasının hasta ile ilgili faktörleri olan yaş, cinsiyet ve dentisyon tipi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.Materyal ve metod: Bu retrospektif çalışma Harran Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi hastanesine Ocak 2017-Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında başvuran hastalardan alınmış görüntüler incelenerek yapıldı. Çalışmada etik kurul onayı Harran Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’dan HRU/20.09.08 sayılı kararı ile alınmıştır. Çalışma 500 adet baş boyun bölgesi bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüsü değerlendirilerek gerçekleştirildi. Görüntüler incelenirken her hasta için, hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti, hastanın dişli-kısmi dişli-tam dişsiz oluşu parametreleri kaydedildi. Septalar koronal, sagital ve transversal olmak üzere sınıflandırıldı.Bulgular: Toplam 500 adet bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüsü incelendi. Bunların 446 tanesi dahil edilme kriterlerine uyduğundan çalışmaya dahil edildi. Böylece toplam 892 tane maksiller sinüs incelendi. İncelenen hastaların 198'i (%44,4) erkek ve 248’i (%55,6) kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 33.4, en küçüğü 18, en büyüğü 79 yaşındaydı. Hastaların 248’i (%55,6) tam dişli, 168’i(%37,7) kısmi dişli ve 30’u (%6.7) tam dişsizdi. 135 (%30,2) hastada en az bir septum tespit edildi. Bu hastaların 126 'sında (%93,3) sadece bir septum görülürken, 9’unda (% 6.7) birden fazla septum görüldü. Hastalarda toplam 146 adet septum tespit edildi. Maksiller sinüs septası prevelansı ile hastaların yaşı (p = 0.415), cinsiyeti (p = 0.443) ve dentisyon tipi (p = 0.078) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Maksiller sinüs septasının yönelim ve konumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p = 0.017).Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda popülasyonun yaklaşık üçte birinde maksiler sinüs septası olduğu görüldü. Yapılacak implant cerrahilerinin üç boyutlu görüntülerle planlanması yaşanabilecek komplikasyonların azalmasını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca üç boyutlu görüntülerin iki boyutlu görüntülere dayalı planlamaları değiştirebileceği görüldü. Ancak bu çalışma sonuçlarının yapılacak daha kapsamlı çalışmalarla doğrulanmasına ihtiyaç olduğu değerlendirildi.

MAXILLARY SINUS ASSESSMENT FOR GENDER AND AGE DETERMINATION USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN AN EGYPTIAN SAMPLE

Introduction: Forensic anthropology is the application of the medical science in the criminal law. The identification of human skeletal remains is considered the first challenging and important step of unknown skull and very crucial for further analysis. In forensic medicine the adult skeleton gender determination is usually the first step of the identification process. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for gender and age determination through the evaluation of maxillary sinus linear measurements, the second aim to determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and to detect the most common shape of maxillarysinus. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Retrospectively 82 CBCT scans of Egyptian patients aged 20-65 years were included in a cross-sectional study that was designed to measure three parameters (height, width and length) of maxillary sinus bilaterally in axial and coronal view using On-Demand® software. Moreover estimation of the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and evaluation of maxillary sinus morphology was performed. Results: The studied sample showed statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in maxillary sinus measurements between males and females and between maxillary sinus measurements according to age group. Sinus septa were present in 78 (47%) of the 164 maxillary sinuses, and according to the maxillary sinus morphology the main 3D shape was pyramidal shape in (upside down triangle) in 100% of the cases. Conclusions: linear measurements of maxillary sinus on the CBCT images cannot be used for gender or age determination.

Mapping Maxillary Sinus Septa in a Lebanese Sample: a Radio-anatomical Study.

Introduction:Sinus septa are bony processes that develop in a variable fashion. Such structures present a challenge for surgical procedures of the maxillary sinuses.Aim:This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of maxillary sinus septa in a sample from the Lebanese population.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a series of 568 Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans (CBCT) belonging to patients that presented to the Maxillofacial Radiology division of the Faculty of Dental Medicine in the Lebanese University. None of the included patients had sinus pathologies. Age ranged from 18 to 80 years with 332 females and 236 males yielding a total of 1136 maxillary sinus. Sinuses were inspected for septa, specifying their location in multiple dimensions, angulations and number.Results:36.27% of studied patients presented at least one septum (27.46% of all sinuses). No predilection towards age or sex was found. A higher number of septa were located in the middle region anteroposteriorly (38.14%), and most were localized in the inferior third coronally (81.16%). Multiple angulations are also reported.Conclusion:Our results suggest a common prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in our Lebanese sample and suggest similar distribution and patterns to that of reported literature.

Evaluation of septas in maxillary sinus with cone-beam computed tomography

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa (MSS) in a Turkish population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). 
 Methodology: The CBCT images of 350 untreated patients (178 male, 172 female ranging in age between 18 and 65) were included in this study. The presence or absence of MSS was determined in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes by considering gender and side. For statistical evaluation, a chi‐square test was used to determine any differences in the prevalence of MSS with significance set at 5%. 
 Results: MSSs were observed in 201 out of 700 sides (28.71%) and 141 out of 350 patients (40.28%), of which, 70 were in males and 71 in females. MSS were also observed in a higher prevalence on the bilateral side. (17.14%). Female patients showed higher prevalence (41.27%) than the male patients (39.32%).
 Conclusion: MSS was observed in 40.28% of examined Turkish subjects and detected more frequently in females and on the bilateral side.
 
 How to cite this article: Laçin N, İzol BS. Evaluation of septas in maxillary sinus with cone-beam computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):41-5.
 
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Normal anatomical variations of maxillary sinus septa using computerized tomography from Sokoto Northwestern Nigeria

Background/Aim: The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and represents a complex anatomical structure with significant inter-individual variation. Computerized Tomography (CT) in the assessment of the maxillary sinus yields much more information. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, number and location of maxillary sinus septa using CT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty subjects (79 males and 51 females), between 20–80 years, with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT scans carried out at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, over a period of 5 years, were studied. Head CT scans were obtained from the local data base of the CT machine and back up compact disc from the CT library. Images were taken with Neusoft Dual Slide Helical CT machine, and films were viewed on the computer monitor. Septa were identified as bony projections from the sinus walls into its cavity on axial and coronal slides. Results: In this study, septa were present in 14.23% (37 septa out of 158) males sinuses, while in females, 10.34% (27 out of 102) had septa. The overall prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was 24.62%. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus septa appear common and are capable of complicating sinus membrane surgeries. CT may be useful in surgical evaluation and planning.

Analysis of the Morphology of Maxillary Sinus Septa on Reconstructed Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images

Preoperative assessment of maxillary sinus anatomy can prevent complications associated with sinus grafting or implant procedures. The purpose of this study was to measure the frequency, numbers, locations, orientations, and heights of maxillary sinus septa. Reconstructed cone-beam computed tomographic images of 1,012 sinuses were analyzed using NewTom VG software (NNT 2.21, ImageWorks, Elmsford, NY). This cross-sectional study included patients who underwent radiography at the department of radiology. The presence, numbers, locations, orientations, and heights of septa were analyzed. To establish multiple predictors in this study, groups were defined according to different radiographic features of the septa. Differences between male and female groups and between edentulous and dentulous groups were tested with χ(2) tests and the level of significance was set at 5%. The sample consisted of 506 patients (168 men and 338 women; average age, 35.1 yr). A significantly (P < .05) greater occurrence rate of 57.4% was observed in the edentulous group compared with the rate of 39.7% observed in the dentulous group. The difference in the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa between the edentulous and dentulous groups was statistically significant (P < .05), and the septa exhibited variable characteristics. It is essential and effective to analyze computed tomographic images of sinuses to evaluate the characteristics of septa before performing surgical procedures.

Cross-sectional study estimating prevalence of maxillary sinus septum in South Indian population

Maxillary sinus septum is an anatomical variation in the maxillary sinus. Sinus septum is also an important anatomical structure that complicates sinus lift procedure. Aim of the Study : This study evaluated the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in the edentulous and dentate maxilla using digital orthopantomogram. Materials and Method: This study was based on the analysis of digital orthopantomogram images for posterior maxilla that were obtained from patients who visited a Private Hospital. A retrospective analysis of 921 pairs of nonpathological maxillary sinuses was done. Patients who had pathological findings were excluded from the study. Results: Sinus septum was present in 217 (23.6%) of the 921 pair of maxillary sinuses. Totally, 704 (76.4%) patients did not have maxillary sinus septum. Also, out of 527 male patients, 125 patients had the septum and out of 394 female patients, 92 patients had sinus septum. Conclusion: This study gives an idea about the prevalence of sinus septum that would help a surgeon prevent a few possible complications during sinus lifting

Les septums du sinus maxillaire. Prévalence et anatomie au travers d’une revue de la littérature de 1980 à 2009

Maxillary sinus septa may complicate sinus elevation procedures, especially when they are not diagnosed prior to surgery. The authors had for aim to review published data, to analyze the etiology, the prevalence, the localization, and the size of maxillary sinus septa, and to determine what were the best preoperative radiological examinations. The Medline search was made with keywords such as "maxillary sinus anatomy, maxillary sinus augmentation, maxillary sinus septa, sinus graft/complications, dental implants". The search was limited to studies published in English from 1980 to January 2009. Twenty-two articles were analyzed. The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa ranged between 14.3% and 33.3%. There was no specific geographic distribution within the sinuses. The mean heights of septa ranged between 2.8 and 8.1 mm. It is recommended to systematically use preoperative CT or CBCT scan imaging because of the prevalence, the variable anatomy, and the bad contribution of conventional X-rays.

Analysis of location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa

PurposeThe sinus lift procedure requires detailed knowledge of maxillary sinus anatomy and the possible anatomical variations. This study evaluated the location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa using computed tomography (CT).MethodsThis study was based on the analysis of CT images for posterior maxilla which were obtained from patients who visited Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital during the period of June 2007 to December 2008. With the exclusion of cases presenting any pathological changes, 236 maxillary sinuses in 204 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 50.9. The cases were divided into two groups, an atrophy/edentulous segment and a non-atrophy/dentate segment, and maxillary sinus septa of less than 2.5 mm were not taken in-to consideration. The location of septa was also divided for analysis into 3 regions: the anterior (1st and 2nd premolar), middle (1st and 2nd molar) and posterior (behind 2nd molar) regions.ResultsIn 54 (20.9%) of the 204 patients there were pathologic findings, and those patients were excluded from the analysis. Sinus septa were present in 58 (24.6%) of the 236 maxillary sinuses and in 55 (27%) of the 204 total patients. In the atrophy/edentulous ridge group (148 maxillary sinuses), 41 cases (27.7%) were found, and 17 cases (19.3%) were found in the non-atrophy/dentulous ridge group (88 maxillary sinuses). In terms of location, septa were found in 18 cases (27.3%) in the anterior, in 33 cases (50%) in the middle and in 15 cases (22.7%) in the posterior regions.ConclusionsIn the posterior maxilla, regardless of type of ridge (atrophy/edentulous or non-atrophy/dentate), the anatomical variation of sinus septa is diverse in its prevalence and location. Thus, accurate information on the maxillary sinus of the patient is essential and should be clearly understood by the surgeon to prevent possible complications during sinus lifting.