Prevalence Of Mastitis In Cows Research Articles

Risk factors for dairy cows mastitis in Algeria, antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of the causative Staphylococcus aureus.

Adoption of a rational management in dairy farms would improve the milk quality and farmers' income. In the current study, we aimed to describe bovine mastitis in 32 dairy herds, identify the main cow- and herd-associated risk factors, and analyze both epidemiological along with molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infecting udders. Based on Californian Mastitis Test and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis in cows was 52.25% (116/222), of which 6.3% was clinical mastitis and 45.94% was subclinical mastitis. Overall, 218 (24.54%) quarters suffered from mastitis, whose 29.81% (65/218) infected with S. aureus. Mastitis was lowest in mid-lactation with OR = 0.371 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.141-0.976, and in cows separated from their calves (OR = 0.164, 95% CI 0.056-0.477) than suckler cows. Similar results were obtained from S. aureus related mastitis. To assess the genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates, we determined clonal complexes (CC) using DNA microarray hybridization profiles and performed spa typing. The strains were assigned to nine clonal complexes, and 19 spa types; with CC97 (44.77%), and CC22 (40.29%) were the most predominant lineages and t223 (40.29%), t7136 (10.44%), t359 (8.95%) and t267 (5.97%) were the most common spa types. A total of 88.05% (n = 59) isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic while only 4.47% were multi-drug resistant strains. Higher rates of resistance were observed for penicillin (86.5%) and tetracycline (14.9%) respectively. Our results show the need for adoption of feasible mastitis program with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.

Prevalence of Mastitis in cows and buffaloes from dairy farms in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Milk samples from cows and buffaloes were collected from semi urban and urban regions in and around Visakhapatnam and screened for infection with mastitis. Milk samples were tested by employing, California Mastitis Test (CMT), White Side field test (WSFT) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Out of 1050 milk samples collected from cows and buffaloes, 610 samples were found to be mastitis positive. Samples which are detected positive for mastitis with high degree of gel formation were subjected to pathogen isolation on different culture medias such as blood agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, EMB agar, Nutrient Agar and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolated bacteria were identified by performing a panel of preliminary and determinative biochemical tests. The most dominant bacteria isolated and identified from pure cultures were Staphylococcus spp, E. coli and Streptococcus spp in cows with a prevalence of 30.98%, 24.70% and 2.74% respectively. Where as in buffaloes E. coli and Pseudomonas spp were dominant with a prevalence of 32.25% and 24.73%, followed by Staphylococcus spp. Studies were also conducted to record monthly and seasonal prevalence of mastitis in cows and buffaloes. These studies indicated highest prevalence 74.57% in the month of September in the case of cows, and in buffaloes 76% infection was noted in the month of October 2019. Studies on seasonal prevalence indicated high values in rainy season with a prevalence of 64.65% and 61.25% in cows and buffaloes respectively. The present study is first of its kind from the state of Andhra Pradesh and throws light on the prevalence of mastitis disease in cows and buffaloes from dairy farms situated in and around Visakhapatnam

PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CATTLE IN MULTAN, PAKISTAN

Mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy sector worldwide. The present research was, therefore intended to establish the prevalence of mastitis in and around the Multan district. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly sampled during the period from July 2018 to October 2018 from different local dairy farms at Multan. After screening with California Mastitis Test, milk samples from mastitic animals were cultured and subjected to microbiological examination.The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows was 38% and quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 36.20%.. Mastitis in front left quarters was 34.40%, right front quarters 31.60%, while left rare quarters 41% and right rear quarters 38%. Bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococci, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were isolated from infected samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the top-ranking isolated bacteria followed by Strept. Agalactiae and E. coli. The lack of proper milking techniques and no teat dipping were the most significantly associated risk factors. In the current study, E. coli isolates were sensitive to Gentamycine, Streptomycin, Chlororamphenicol and Kanamycin while resistant to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Similarly, S. aureus was extremely susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Kanamycin but resistant to Tetracycline and Penicillin. It was concluded that subclinical mastitis was widely prevalent in Multan city. This study will help the farmers to adopt effective measures to control mastitis regarding the risk factors.

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains in bovine mastitis milk in Bangladesh

Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative agent of bovine mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of mastitis in cows through screening tests and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Out of 175 randomly screened cows, mastitis was detected in 50 cows by California Mastitis Test (CMT), and from those mastitic cows, 200 quarter milk samples were collected for subsequent culture and PCR based identification. The herd, cow and quarter level prevalence of mastitis was 73.3, 28.6 and 29.5% respectively, and subclinical mastitis (SCM) was the predominant type in all cases. According to bacteriology the overall prevalence of herd, cow and quarter level Staphylococcus aureus mastitis was 72.7, 74.0 and 62.0%, respectively, and the pathogen was mostly associated with clinical mastitis (CM). Cows breed, parity, daily milk yield, regular teat dipping, and dry cow therapy were significantly associated (P < 0.05) risk factors for mastitis onset. This study identifies 145 Staphylococcus aureus isolates which varied greatly with the categories of mastitis (higher in CM), udder quarter location (highest in right rear quarters), and to a lesser extent in the study areas (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 79.3% Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 49.0% to two or more antimicrobials, and clinical isolates showed more resistance to all tested antibiotics. The highest resistance rate was found to oxytetracyclin, and no resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Seven enterotoxin gene profile were detected in the tested isolates, and mecA was found in 20.0% isolates indicating the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The isolates were carrying genes in combination, and were found higher in SCM cases. In this study, plasmids (>23 kb to 2.9 kb) were detected in 70.3% strains, and 54.9% plasmid bearing strains were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Thus, the high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis is an important concern for diary industry of Bangladesh since the strains of this pathogen is becoming more resistant to commercially available antimicrobials, and this is an alarming concern for both animal and public health.

English

An examination of raw milk for the isolation of coliforms as members of mastitis-causing organisms was conducted on 300 cows from four Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. A 10.3% prevalence was recorded for coliform organisms using the Microgen GN-ID A+B Kit (Medica-TecTM), these were; Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus spp. and Pantoea agglomerans (similar to Enterobacter aerogenes). Antibiotic sensitivity test using commonly available antibiotics showed that all isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, but resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. Age, parity number, stage of lactation, management system, hygiene of milking process, and presence of lesion on udder/teat were found to be significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with the prevalence of mastitis in cows. The lowest prevalence (24%; 48 of 200) was recorded in cows within 3 to 4 years of age while, the highest (60.6%; 20 of 33) was in cows aged above 5 years. Stage of lactation was significant with the prevalence of mastitis being the highest (45.5%; 30 of 66) during the initial stage of lactation (0 to 5 month). It was concluded that, the relatively high prevalence of coliforms in bovine mastitis in dairy herds could significantly reduce milk production and cause economic losses. Good hygiene in milking process, milking clinically infected cows last, culling chronic mastitis cases, treating clinically infected cows and dry period therapy could reduce the prevalence of coliform mastitis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Key words: Cow, milk, mastitis, coliforms, antibiotic sensitivity.