Prevalence Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Prevalence of dental caries, oral health status, malocclusion status, and dental treatment needs in thalassemic children: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Thalassemia is a hemoglobinopathy-associated genetic disease resulting due to defective synthesis of globin chains, causing defects in the skeletal and oral structures. Aim: This cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the prevalence of dental caries, oral health status, malocclusion status, and dental treatment needs in thalassemic children. Materials and Methods: Institutional Ethical committee clearance was obtained before starting the study. The study sample comprised 100 thalassemic and 100 normal children in which oral disease markers like dmft/DMFT index, plaque index, gingival index, and Angle’s classification for malocclusion were used. The statistical tool used was ‘one-way ANOVA’ with the probability set at 0.05. Results and Observations: Statistically significant differences in prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and treatment needs were noted in thalassemic individuals when compared to normal subjects. Conclusion: The present study has given an insight into the various oral and dentomaxillofacial manifestations of thalassemia, thus considering the importance of routine oral examination for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases.

The prevalence of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMalocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases and may cause deterioration in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion by gender and its impact on quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old children in Shanghai.MethodsThis study summarizes the data obtained in the Shanghai Oral Health Epidemiological Survey conducted in 2019. Random cluster sampling was used to select students in Shanghai. A total of 1591 12-year-old children and 747 15-year-old children were included. Each student underwent an oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was adopted to measure the objective severity of malocclusion and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) was applied to evaluate quality of life of schoolchildren. Comparisons of COHIP scores were performed among different treatment needs and difficulties by t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsNo significant difference was found between genders except that the prevalence of deep overbite in 12-year-old boys (1.11 ± 0.95) was significantly higher than that in girls (0.93 ± 0.88) while the prevalence of crossbite among 12-year-old girls (26%) is significantly higher than boys (20%). Malocclusion in 15-year-old children was descended compared with 12-year-old. 15-year-old students demonstrates larger impact of malocclusion on oral health than 12-year-old group except self-image. Health impacts (COHIP) increase significantly as the malocclusion becomes severer except self-image in 12-year-old group.ConclusionsIn Shanghai, the severity of malocclusion in 15-year-old children was less than 12-year-old children. Malocclusion has greater influence on oral health of 15-year-old children than 12-year-old children. Severer malocclusion generally correlates with higher level of oral health impacts in schoolchildren.

Diagnostic considerations and orthodontic treatment approaches of adolescents with the dentoalveolar form of class II malocclusion

Relevance. Class II malocclusion (distal occlusion) is a common pathology of the maxillofacial region in the sagittal plane and is one of the most prevalent malocclusions. Studies confirm that Class II malocclusion in adolescents exhibits significant variability, prompting the development of various treatment approaches using both removable and fixed orthodontic appliances. The challenges of adolescence include concurrent physiological and psychological changes, which can complicate the treatment process.Purpose. To enhance the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment for patients with the dentoalveolar form of Class II malocclusion by utilizing the Rotation-Torque Index (RTI).Material and methods. A study was conducted on 49 residents of St. Petersburg with physiological occlusion types, who were included in the control group. The main group comprised 95 adolescents (aged 12-18) with the dentoalveolar form of Class II malocclusion classified into three levels of severity, based on the proposed working prognostic classification.Results. A new method was developed to calculate a coefficient that describes the relationship between the position of the upper and lower jaws and the torque of the central incisors. This coefficient helps predict treatment outcomes and guides the selection of the optimal treatment strategy. The Rotation-Torque Index (RTI) was introduced to quantify the relationship between the position of the jaws in the skull (SNA, SNB) and the inclination of the central incisors of the upper jaw relative to the nasal line (NL) and those of the lower jaw relative to the mandibular line (ML).Conclusions. Based on the Rotation-Torque Index (RTI), a working prognostic classification and treatment strategies for patients with the dentoalveolar form of Class II malocclusion were proposed.

Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal, maloclusión y necrosis pulpar en la comunidad Nueva Vida, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Introduction: Periodontal disease, dental fluorosis and pulp necrosis are common clinical conditions in the dental context. Objective: to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease, malocclusion, dental fluorosis and pulp necrosis. Methodology: quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study, applying judgmental sampling, which included the 29 patients who met the inclusion criteria in the study and attended the dental care day developed in the Nueva Vida community, Guayaquil, Ecuador; by the Salesian Polytechnic University, María Auxiliadora Campus, in 2023. Results: a) prevalence of periodontal disease: (79.31%); b) prevalence of malocclusion (82.76%); c) prevalence of dental fluorosis (44.82%); d) prevalence of pulp necrosis (6.89%). Conclusions: Periodontal disease and malocclusion were predominant in the age group under 18 years and in the female sex. Dental fluorosis was predominant in males and under 18 years of age. Pulp necrosis occurred in the age group under 18 years, with no predominance by sex. No statistically significant association was found between periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis and pulp necrosis with age group and sex.

Age-dependent prevalence of malocclusions requiring treatment according to the KIG classification : Amultipart cross-sectional study over a10-year period from the district of Viersen/North Rhine.

Patients with statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany must undergo an assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the "Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen" (KIG; orthodontic indication groups) classification system since 2002. Atreatment need only exists if anomalies of acertain degree of severity are present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent prevalence and percentage distribution of KIG grades requiring treatment in patients with SHI before the age of 18over a10-year period. Between 2012 and 2021, treatment indication existed for 1951 (1025female, 926male) out of 2288 patients with SHI in the cohort of this study before the age of 18according to current SHI guidelines. The KIG classification was based on the highest existing KIG grade. There were no multiple classifications. The patient cohort was divided into three patient groups (PG) according to chronological age for analysis: PG1 < 10years of age (early treatment), PG2 10 to < 13years of age (main treatment) and PG3 13 to < 18years of age (late treatment). In PG1 (454 patients), the KIG classificationsD(26.5%), K(25.5%), M(19.4%), and P(18.0%) dominated. In PG2 (998 patients), classifications D(33.2%), predominated, whereas K(7.5%) and M(5.9%) rarely occurred. The classifications E(12.6%) and P(13.3%) appeared quite frequently. Transverse deviations occurred only about half as often in PG2 as in PG1 and PG3. In PG3 (499patients), the classification E(17.6%) was particularly common, while P(2.6%) was rare. The proportion of KIG grades 5decreased depending on age: 19% in PG1, 13.5% in PG2, 10.4% in PG3. The prevalence of sagittal classifications was highest in all age groups (45.9% in PG1, 39.1% in PG2, 31.5% in PG3). The distribution of KIG classifications requiring treatment was not homogeneous, but age dependent. The differences were particularly evident in the early treatment group and may be due to the limited applicability of the KIG classification system in patients before late mixed dentition. With increasing age at initial examination, the prevalence of sagittal classifications decreased, while that of vertical classifications increased. Still, the sagittal classifications DandM occurred most frequently in all age groups. The KIG classification Dwas always the most common in all patients until the age of18.

Impact Of Malocclusion On Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Early Adolescents in Erbil city

Background: Malocclusion is a frequent dental problem whose consequences are impact on functions such as speech and mastication, aesthetics of the face, and general health. The present study aimed to assess the effect of malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life among early adolescents in Erbil City, Iraq. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in which included 800 students aged between 7 and 18 years, divided into primary, middle, and high school groups. Data were collected by use of a bilingual questionnaire (English and Kurdish), which included 15 questions with Likert type answers and addressed all sociodemographic factors and dental-related difficulties, such as problems in talking, problems eating, and embarrassment. The data will be sorted and analyzed with the SPSS program version 28, with a level of statistical significance of p≤0.05. Results: The females were 60.9%, and the male percentage was 39.1%, with a mean age of 14.33 years. By malocclusion pattern: Class I 55%, Class II 33%, Class III 12% were found. It was predictable that different malocclusion types were significantly related to some kinds of dental-related problems. For instance, 54.3% of the participants had an on-and-off worsening in the sense of taste, 39.8% of them had painful aching, and 36.1% of them had pronunciation problems very often. Interpretation: The study revealed that the malocclusion status significantly affects the OHRQoL related to functional and psychosocial well-being. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malocclusion among early adolescents in Erbil City significantly impairs OHRQoL. This has given impetus to advise early diagnosis and correction of malocclusion to alleviate the problems of adolescents in their day-to-day activities.

Prevalence of Malocclusion among School aged Children and Adolescents in Kabul, Afghanistan

One of the major public health concerns is the prevalence of malocclusion among school-aged children. Malaligned teeth and incorrect jaw posture are referred to as malocclusion, and they can cause a number of functional and cosmetic problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion in school-aged children and adolescents in Kabul, Afghanistan. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Sciences “Abu Ali Ibn Sina” (KUMS). The data were collected from High schools in Kabul, Afghanistan during 2019 and 2020. A sample of 479 children and adolescents, 236 females (49.3%) and 243 males (50.7%) 8-18 years old (mean age 14.16±2.8) were randomly selected from four high schools of different districts of Kabul city. We used the angle classification for sagittal plane malocclusion; open bite and deep bite for vertical plane malocclusions; cross bites for transverse plane malocclusion; midline diastema, spacing and crowding show the tooth material and arch length discrepancies. This study demonstrated that only 41 (8.6%) of subjects had normal occlusion while 92.4% of subjects had different types of malocclusions. Class I malocclusion was found in 275 subjects ( (57.4%, class II Division 1 in 63 subjects (13.1%), Class II Division 2 in 64 subjects (13.4%), Class III malocclusion in 36 subjects (7.5%), moreover, crowding in 183 (38.2%), spacing in 79 (16.5%), midline diastema in 54 (11.3%), crossbite in 77 subjects (16.1%), open bite in 23 subjects (4.8%) and deep overbite in 44 subjects (9.2%) were found. According to Angle’s classification of malocclusion class I malocclusion was the most prevalent malocclusion and class III was the least prevalent malocclusion in school-aged children and adolescents in Kabul city.

ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS IN STUDENTS 12-15 YEARS USING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS INDICATOR (IKPO) IN BANJARMASIN

Background: Based on the data from Riskesdas (Primary Health Research) of 2013, the prevalence of malocclusion in 12-15 years old in the Province of South Kalimantan was 5.6%, which was the age group with the highest malocclusion over other age groups. Malocclusion itself is a dental abnormality that ranks third after dental caries and periodontal disease in oral health problems in Indonesia with a very high prevalence of around 83.3%. Treatment for malocclusion condition can be performed by orthodontic treatment. One of the indexes for measuring orthodontic treatment needs is IKPO (Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator). This indicator is highly suitable to be used as an instrument to find out the orthodontic treatment needs of students, especially in Indonesia. Objective: To find out the level of orthodontic treatment needs in students 12-15 years old using Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator (IKPO) according to age and gender. Methods: The study conducted was quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were 108 students of 12-15 years old in 5 Junior High Schools in Banjarmasin. Every sample filled out IKPO questionnaires to asses orthodontic treatment needs. Results: The results of the study showed that 88% of respondents need orthodontic treatment. This consisted of 58 female students and 37 male students. The age group that required the most orthodontic treatment in this study was 12 years old. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment needs in students 12-15 years old were high in Banjarmasin, which was measured using IKPO.

Initial screening for dental abnormalities identified by labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats.

To evaluate the dental abnormalities by visually assessing the labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats and analyze their prevalence based on age and breed. 1,096 client-owned dogs and 775 client-owned cats. Data were collected from patients who visited 26 private veterinary clinics from January to December 2022. Each animal was evaluated through dental photographs taken from the labial and buccal sides. Correlations between the prevalence of the identified dental abnormalities and age, craniofacial type, and breed, were analyzed. Calculus, discoloration, epulis, fractured teeth, gingival recession, gingivitis, malocclusion, missing teeth, and persistent deciduous teeth could be identified by analyzing the dental photographs in both dogs and cats. Enamel defects in dogs and tooth resorption in cats could be identified. Brachycephalic dogs had a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusion (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.75) and missing teeth (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.71 to 4.91) compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Brachycephalic cats had a significantly higher prevalence of fractured teeth (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.04) and a lower prevalence of gingival recession (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.55) compared to nonbrachycephalic cats. Calculus, persistent deciduous teeth, and possibly gingivitis could be identified in dogs and cats by analyzing labial and buccal photographs. The assessment of some dental abnormalities such as fractured teeth, missing teeth, and tooth resorption can be limited without a complete dental examination under anesthesia. Although the assessment of dental conditions may be underestimated, the data on the prevalence of the dental abnormalities evaluated through the photographs could be utilized for screening dental diseases.

PREVALENCE OF MALOCCLUSION IN CHILDREN WITH MIXED DENTITION IN VISNAGAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: Malocclusion is currently understudied in the literature in Visnagar town of Gujarat Therefore, thecurrent research aimed to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and its various paradigms among children with mixed dentition of age between 6-14 years. Aim: To establish the Prevalence of various aspects of malocclusion amidst children ages, 6-14 years who visited the department of Pediatric dentistry - A Retrospective Study. Methodology: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional study among children aged 6-14 years was conducted for the duration of 2020-22. The data was gathered in terms of intraoral photographs of children with mixed dentition phases. Out of the total 350 patient photographs assessed, 150 adhered to the conditions for inclusion. Various Occlusal traits like molar relations, midline shift, open bite, crossbite, and scissor bite were evaluated. The Association of age and gender specificity of various occlusal traits was assessed and tabulated. Results:Class 1 malocclusion was most prevalent among children (66.3%) followed by End on the relation (22%), Class 2 division 1 (7.3%), Class 3 (3.3%), and least seen was Class 2 division 2 (0.6%). Crossbite prevalence was 17.3%, among which the most commonly seen was Anterior single teeth crossbite (58%) and the least observed was unilateral segmental crossbite (4%). Reverse overjet and Overbite observed were 4% and 2% respectively Conclusion: Early diagnosis of developing malocclusion would facilitate appropriate interception in mixed dentition with better outcomes.

Malocclusion in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese preschool population

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 3–6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03).ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in children with special needs in district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India

Malocclusion plays an important role in overall oral health of every individual because it is associated with periodontal disease, temporomandibular disorder and may be complicated by an individual disability and special need.To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children with special needs in District, Mandi, Himachal, Pradesh, India, using DAI and IOTN, and to assess whether the observed malocclusion is affected by sex. The study was consists of 200 children with mental retardation, physical disability, sensory impairment between 10-18 years of age from various special schools for people with special needs. A pre-structured proforma was used to record the findings and socio-demographic information. The special need children were examined in respective schools under natural light, using Dental aesthetic Index (DAI) and Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN).The prevalence of the malocclusion was found to be more in the subjects with the mental retardation and physical disability followed by hearing and visual impairment. There were no statistically significant differences in DAI and IOTN scores between gender.: The need for orthodontic treatment was found to be more in mentally retarded group than the other groups of special need children as per the IOTN and DAI scores in District, Mandi, Himachal, Pradesh.

Prevalence of malocclusions and parafunctional habits in pediatric patients with developmental dyslexia.

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental malocclusion, orthodontic parameters, and parafunctional habits in children with developmental dyslexia (DD). Forty pediatric patients (67.5% boys and 32.5% girls, mean age: 11.02 ± 2.53 years, range: 6-15 years) with DD were compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy participants for prevalence of dental malocclusion, orthodontic parameters, and parafunctional habits. Dental examinations were performed by an orthodontist. Pediatric patients with DD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of Angle Class III malocclusion (22.5% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.024), deep bite (27.5% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.019), midline deviation (55.0% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.0001), midline diastemas (32.5% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.010), wear facets (92.5% vs. 15.0%, P < 0.0001), self-reported nocturnal teeth grinding (82.5% vs. 7.5%, P < 0.0001), nail biting (35.0% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.0001), and atypical swallowing (85.0% vs. 17.5%, P < 0.0001) compared to that in healthy controls. Pediatric patients with DD showed a higher prevalence of Class III malocclusion, greater orthodontic vertical and transverse discrepancies, and incidence of parafunctional activities. Clinicians and dentists should be aware of the vulnerability of children with dyslexia for exhibiting malocclusion and encourage early assessment and multidisciplinary intervention.

Craniosynostosis: orofacial and oral health perspectives with masticatory insights

BackgroundCraniosynostosis (CS), premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leads to abnormal skull development, impacting both facial esthetics and oral function. This study aimed to evaluate the specific orofacial and oral health characteristics, including masticatory performance, in Thai patients with CS.MethodsA comparative study was conducted with Thai CS patients aged 6–17 years and a control group of healthy individuals with similar age distribution. Assessments included craniofacial morphology, oral health status, and masticatory performance. Intergroup comparisons utilized appropriate statistical tests.ResultsThe study included 24 CS patients with a mean age of 10.11 ± 2.98 years and 30 controls. CS patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of various oral conditions compared to controls: cleft palate (20.8%), anterior open bite (41.7%), anterior crossbite (54.2%), posterior crossbite (50%), combined anterior–posterior crossbite (45.8%), dental crowding in both maxilla and mandible (50% and 45.8% respectively), congenitally missing teeth (50%), supernumerary teeth (12.5%), and eruption failure (54.2%). Furthermore, CS patients exhibited significantly higher caries prevalence and susceptibility, alongside poorer oral hygiene, compared to controls. Regarding jaw relationships, CS patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of Angle's Class III malocclusion (50%) compared to the control group, where Class I malocclusion was predominant (50%). Masticatory performance, assessed using the two-color gum mixing ability test, showed significantly higher hue variance in CS patients (0.12 ± 0.07) compared to the control group, indicating reduced chewing performance.ConclusionThis study underscores the significant orofacial and oral health challenges faced by children with CS, including a high prevalence of malocclusions, dental anomalies, elevated caries experience, and compromised masticatory function. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions and comprehensive oral healthcare strategies to address the unique needs of this population and improve their overall quality of life.

Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Primary Dentition, 2010-2024: A Systematic Review.

The present review was aimed to describe the prevalence and the regional distribution of malocclusion among preschool children worldwide. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search to identify English publications from January 2010 to May 2024 using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Embase. Search MeSH key words were "malocclusion", "primary dentition" and "child, preschool". The reporting quality was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We identified 2599 publications and recruited 47 articles. Fourteen of the included studies were conducted in Asia, four in Europe, twenty-eight in South America and one in Africa. The prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% to 83.9%, and half of the reported prevalences were higher than 50%. The highest percentage was in Asia (61.81%), followed by Europe (61.50%), South America (52.69%) and Africa (32.50%). Statistically significant differences existed in deep overbite, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship and distal step between continents (p < 0.05). Europe showed the highest prevalence (33.08%) of deep overbite. Africa showed the highest prevalence (18.60%) of anterior open bite. Europe showed the highest prevalence (15.38%) of posterior crossbite. The most common malocclusion traits were increased overjet and deep overbite. To conclude, malocclusion remained prevalent in the primary dentition and varied between countries.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in 9- to 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Background The prevalence of malocclusion in Mongolia is increasing every year. Estimating the need for orthodontic treatment in the population is crucial for planning orthodontic care services and monitoring oral health programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Methods A total of 656 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years were enrolled from 8 schools located in urban and suburban areas of 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. All the children were assessed according to the two components of the IOTN, the Dental Health Component (DHC) and the aesthetic component (AC). Statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The prevalence of malocclusion was 561 (84.5%), consisting of 452 (68%) Angle Class I, 178 (26.8%) Angle Class II, and 34 (5.2%) Angle Class III malocclusion. For the DHC, the moderate need for treatment was 194 (29.3%) and the definite need was 53 (8.1%). For the AC, the moderate need was 148 (22.3%) and the definite need was 45 (6.9%). The association between the DHC and the AC was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The most common malocclusions were an increased overjet (maxillary protrusion), a contact point displacement (crowding), and an increased overbite (deep bite). The AC, Angle's molar relationship, an increased overjet, a contact point displacement, and an increased overbite were factors associated with the need for orthodontic treatment. Conclusion Approximately one-third of schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, require orthodontic treatment. This finding helps dental practitioners to better understand oral health problems, leading to an improvement in the overall quality of life of children.

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Eastern Nepal

Background Malocclusion is the abnormal relationship between upper jaw and lower jaw. It is third most common prevalent oral pathology. Different environment may contribute to malocclusion, so treatment may also vary likewise. Determining the prevalence of malocclusion of different geographic region, ethnic groups and gender helps to identify the distribution of malocclusion, which in turn aids in preventive treatments. This study is an attempt to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among the individuals of eastern Nepal.MethodsData collection was done by direct observation of the patients using probe and mouth mirror. Descriptive cross-sectional study method was used in this research. The malocclusion based on Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing and cross bites were recorded.ResultsA total of 429 patients were included in the study. Among them, 190 (44.3%) were males and 239 (55.7%) were females with male: female ratio 1:1.3. The mean age of patients was found to be 26.92 ±10.61years with the age range of 12- 65 years. Angle’s class I (75.1%) was the most prevalent malocclusion whereas Angle’s class III was observed in 16.6% of total samples followed by Angle’s class II (8.4%). Conclusions The most prevalent malocclusion in our study is Angle’s class I in both male and female patients. Crowding was the most prevalent occlusal traits observed whereas open bite was the least.

A comprehensive national survey on malocclusion prevalence among Palestinian children

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.MethodsA stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically.ResultsThe study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.

Investigation of Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

This study aims to describe the prevalence of malocclusion and identify associated factors in preschool children. Completed in 2022-2023, this cross-sectional study included 523 children aged 26 to 80 months in municipal schools in Salvador. An oral examination was carried out on the children, and a questionnaire was self-administered by the parents. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression (the backward method, p-value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI) were conducted. The majority of children were female (51.82%), over 54 months old (52.2%), Black or mixed race (90.63%), and not affected by COVID-19 (92.35%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 43.21%, with open bite as the most common condition. There was a significant association between malocclusion and screen time (OR: 1.34; p: 0.116; CI: 1.0-1.94), physical/psychological aggression (OR: 2.55; p: 0.031; CI: 1.0-5.98), consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR: 1.77; p: 0.003; CI: 1.22-2.57), digital suction (OR: 3.1; p: 0.001; CI: 1.56-6.16), and the habit of biting objects (OR: 1.56; p: 0.121; CI: 1.0-2.73). The promotion of comprehensive health in early childhood and psychosocial interventions are recommended, aiming to reduce screen time, aggression, consumption of ultra-processed foods, thumb sucking, and the habit of biting objects to prevent malocclusion.

Prevalence of child malocclusion and its association with time of breastfeeding and/or deleterial habits in children from 2 to 6 years old at public schools in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil – pilot project

Prevalence of child malocclusion and its association with time of breastfeeding and/or deleterial habits in children from 2 to 6 years old at public schools in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil – pilot project