Prevalence Of Low Physical Activity Research Articles

Clinical Profiles and Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Myanmar.

Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with an increasing prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among younger populations. Despite this rising trend, there are limited data from Myanmar on the clinical profile and associated risk factors for premature CAD in young adults. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and predisposing risk factors for AMI in individuals aged 40 years and below, contributing to a better understanding of disease patterns in this population. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the coronary care unit of Yangon General Hospital over a 12-month period from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. A total of 59 young adults, diagnosed with AMI based on the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, were included. Clinical data, laboratory investigations, and demographic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 59 participants, 46 (78%) were male, and smoking was prevalent in 45 (76.3%) cases. Dyslipidemia was common, with 46 (77.9%) exhibiting low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and 27 (45.8%) having elevated total cholesterol. Hypertension was observed in 31 (52.5%) patients, and 32 (54.2%) reported a family history of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, 28 (47.5%) of the cohort were classified as overweight, and 26 (44.1%) demonstrated low levels of physical activity. Chest pain was universally reported by all 59 (100%) patients as the presenting symptom. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the predominant type, affecting 47 (79.6%) patients, with anterior wall involvement in 36 (61%) cases. Conclusion The findings of this study reveal that AMI in young adults is more prevalent among males, with smoking and dyslipidemia being the most significant risk factors. The high prevalence of low physical activity, hypertension, and overweight status further underscores the need for early lifestyle interventions. These results can be directly applied to clinical practice and public health policy in Myanmar by prioritizing smoking cessation programs, improving dyslipidemia management, and promoting physical activity in young populations. Additionally, this study provides a foundation for further research to explore more specific risk factors and paves the way for broader studies focusing on young AMI cases in Myanmar.

Physical Activity During Adolescence and Mental Health in Early Adulthood: Findings From the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

Low prevalence of physical activity (PA) and a high prevalence of mental health problems are common among youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PA during adolescence and depression and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed. Leisure-time PA and total PA (leisure plus commuting) were evaluated at 11, 15, and 18years using self-reported data. PA was evaluated at each age separately and during adolescence, considering the number of times participants reached PA recommendations. Depression and anxiety were assessed through Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at 22years. Crude and adjusted association analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust error variance, providing prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Three thousand two hundred and forty-seven participants were included in the study. In the adjusted analyses, active participants in leisure-time PA (≥300min/wk) and total PA at 11years were less likely to be depressed at age 22 (prevalence ratios: 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.89; prevalence ratios: 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.97). For leisure-time PA, the more PA recommendations were met during adolescence, the lower the prevalence of depression. There was no association when PA variables were evaluated separately at 15 and 18years and between PA and anxiety after controlling for potential confounders. Early adolescence appears to be a sensitive period for PA benefits on depression in early adulthood. The more timepoints reaching PA recommendations during adolescence, the lower the risk of depression. On the other hand, PA during adolescence was not associated with anxiety in young adults.

Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to estimate trends in the prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from 2007 to 2020 in Cabo Verde.DesignPopulation-based...

Trends in Behavioral and Biological Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors among Adults in Mongolia: Results from National Cross-Sectional Surveys in 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2019.

Understanding national trends in noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors may have health policy implications. We aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence and correlates of eight risk factors for NCD from 2005 to 2019 in Mongolia. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 9,356 individuals (15-64/69 yr, mean age=37.3 yr) who participated in the Mongolia STEPS 2005, 2009, 2013 or 2019 surveys and had complete measurement of the risk factor for NCD. The proportion of having 3-8 NCD risk factors significantly decreased from 59.1% in 2005 to 49.4% in 2019, and the mean number of NCD risk factors significantly decreased from 2.8 in 2005 to 2.6 in 2019. In linear regression analyses by study year, older age and male sex were across all study years positively associated with eight NCD risk factors. The prevalence of low physical activity increased from 8.2% in 2005 to 28.4% in 2019, overweight/obesity from 49.6% in 2005 to 64.0% in 2019, and raised total cholesterol from 23.9% in 2005 to 27.6% in 2019, there was a significant decrease in inadequate fruit and vegetable intake from 85.1% in 2005 to 79.5% in 2019, current smoking from 26.6% in 2005 to 24.1% in 2019, hypertension from 28.2% in 2005 to 23.2% in 2019, while the prevalence of diabetes remained unchanged from 2005 to 2019. The prevalence of eight risk factors for NCD decreased in the last 15 years in Mongolia. Several associated variables for eight and individual NCD risk factors were identified that can help guide interventions.

A theory-informed systematic review to understand physical activity among women in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

BackgroundThis systematic review was conducted to identify health beliefs and modifying factors influencing physical (in) activity among adult women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates).MethodsA comprehensive search of the Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data collection and analysis based on the health belief model were performed to systematically examine the relationships of health beliefs and modifying factors to physical activity.ResultsThe sample comprised 15 studies (Saudi Arabia, n = 6; Oman, n = 5; Qatar, n = 2; Kuwait, n = 2). Reported physical activity prevalences were low (nearly 0% to 50%) and depended on the location, subpopulation, and measurement instrument. Evidence for relationships of modifying factors and health beliefs to physical activity was scarce and sometimes inconclusive. Among modifying factors, middle age and employment were associated positively with physical activity; marital status, educational level, income, and body mass index were not associated. Regarding health beliefs, the only conclusive evidence reported was that a lack of time was not associated significantly with physical activity in a population of men and women. Women reported a lack of social support and lack of skills significantly more frequently than men; these factors may explain the gender difference in physical activity prevalence. Differences in the reporting of fear of injury and lack of willpower were not significant.ConclusionsRobust qualitative and quantitative research on the contributions of health beliefs and modifying factors to the low prevalence of physical activity among women in GCC countries is urgently needed. Current evidence indicates that unemployed women, women aged < 25 years, and elderly women are less likely to be physically active. Women in this population are more likely than men to believe that a lack social support and skills affects their physical activity. Many known factors and health beliefs appear to be unrelated to physical activity among adult women in GCC countries.

Prevalence and change in social inequalities in physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

BackgroundPhysical activity is crucial for our wellbeing. Since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, physical activity behaviour has changed globally, and social inequalities that already exist in physical activity have increased. However, there is limited knowledge of how these inequalities have evolved in Sweden. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of physical activity, and the socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study analysed data from the national ‘Health on Equal Terms’ survey which was conducted on participants between 16 and 84, through a repeated cross-sectional design in 2018 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic). The socioeconomic variables included gender, age, education, occupation, income, and place of birth. For both years, the prevalence of low physical activity, the absolute risk differences, the slope index of inequality, and the slope index difference for each of the variables were calculated.ResultsThe level of physical activity increased for the total population studied. However, the social inequalities that existed in 2018 increased over time and across age, education, occupation, income, and place of birth, but not with regard to gender.ConclusionsEven though the Swedish population increased their levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the social inequalities that already existed in physical activity increased. Interventions to increase the level of physical activity among the young, people with low socioeconomic status, and those born outside Sweden are needed to reduce these social inequalities, and to improve the Swedish population’s wellbeing.

Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcome and higher costs in Indonesia: A national panel study.

To assess the association between low physical activity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, health service utilization, risk of catastrophic health expenditure, and work productivity in Indonesia. In this population-based, panel data analysis, we used data from two waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. Respondents aged 40-80 years who participated in both waves were included in this study (n = 5,936). Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with physical activity levels (low, moderate, and high). We applied a series of multilevel mixed-effect panel regression to examine the associations between physical activity and outcome variables. The prevalence of low physical activity increased from 18.2% in 2007 to 39.6% in 2014. Compared with those with high physical activity, respondents with low physical activity were more likely to have a 10-year high CVD risk (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.51-2.95), use outpatient care (AOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96) and inpatient care (AOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96), experience catastrophic health expenditure of 10% of total household expenditure (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.21-2.28), and have lower labor participation (AOR: 0.24, 95% 0.20-0.28). Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcomes and considerable costs to the health system and wider society. Accelerated implementation of public health policies to reduce physical inactivity is likely to result in substantial population health and economic benefits.

Проблема распространенности низкой физической активности среди населения разных возрастных групп: обзор литературы

The article is devoted to the problem of low physical activity of the population in the modern world. Methods — to review the literature on the topic, 31 medical and sociological studies were analyzed on the problem of the prevalence of low physical activity among the population of different age groups. Objective is to determine the prevalence of currently low physical activity among the population of different age groups, depending on various factors. Results — based on the data obtained as a result of the literature review, it was revealed that the physical activity of the population of all age groups is at a low level. The following reasons for low physical activity were identified: poor infrastructure and area of residence, the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, family lifestyle, lack of motivation of the population, lack of knowledge on this topic among people. Discussion is that increasing the literacy of people, as well as their motivation, will significantly increase the level of physical activity, which will positively affect the quality and life expectancy of the population.

Is the Prevalence of Low Physical Activity among Teachers Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress?

The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of stress, depression, and anxiety among Polish secondary school teachers and their association with selected psychosocial, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 116 Polish teachers in 2019, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and author questionnaire including psychosocial factors specific to the respondents’ work environment. The prevalence of moderately to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and symptoms of stress in teachers was 18.1%, 22.4%, and 51.7%, respectively. Among respondents with moderate or high physical activity level (PAL), normal or mild levels of depression (OR = 3.62; CI [1.31–10.03]), anxiety (OR = 2.61; CI [1.01–6.73]), and stress (OR = 2.79; CI [1.16–6.69]) were more common. The level of individual symptoms of mental disorders was higher than indicated by previous Polish reports. Given that teachers’ low PAL is significantly related to their moderately to extremely severe levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, we suggest running leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) enhancement programs and supporting the leadership of school management and the higher-education system in this regard.

The impact of late liver allograft dysfunction on physical activity of liver transplant recipients

Introduction. Liver transplantation restores patients' physical and social life, and its quality. The prevalence of low physical activity in liver recipients is unknown as well as the impact of late liver allograft dysfunction on it. Liver transplantation enhances patient's return to the usual physical and social activity and improves the quality of life. However, the prevalence of low physical activity among liver recipients and the impact of the late allograft dysfunction on it, which is a risk factor for obesity and cardiovascular diseases, require studying.The aim of the study was to identify whether the late liver allograft dysfunction influences the physical activity of recipients.Material and methods. The study included 87 liver recipients. We measured anthropometric parameters, physical performance (SPPB, LFI, 6-min walk test), mean step count per day. Late liver allograft dysfunction was determined if elevated transaminases and/or cholestatic enzymes or hepatic failure have been diagnosed later than 3 months posttransplant. Activity trackers were provided to assess physical activity.Results. Median age was 54 years [45;61], 33% were men. The median follow-up period was 36 months [16;64]. The median of the average steps count was 5.9 [4.1;8.7] thousand per day. 60.5% of recipients were sedentary and low active, 24.4% were somewhat active, 15.1% were active. In cases of liver allograft dysfunction, the mean step count was significantly lower than in patients with normal liver function: 4.1 thousand [2.6;5.3] versus 6.8 thousand [4.2;9.4], p=0.003, despite no differences in the physical activity test results.Conclusion. In case of a late liver allograft dysfunction, the physical activity can decrease; 60.5% of liver recipients, in the absence of pathological restriction of movement, have a sedentary and low active lifestyle. Activity trackers may allow identifying patients who need additional check-up or physical training.

Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Physical Activity in Peruvian Adults: Results of a Population-based Survey Performed in 2017-2018.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low physical activity (PA) in Peruvian adults and to identify associated factors.MethodsAn analytical study was performed using data from the 2017-2018 Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages survey. The outcome variable was low PA (yes or no), assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Prevalence ratios were estimated as a measure of association.ResultsAmong the 1045 persons included in the analysis, the age-standardized prevalence of low PA was 61.9%. The adjusted model showed that being female and migrating from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher probability of having low PA than males and individuals who had not migrated, while residing in rural highlands and jungle areas was associated with a reduced probability of having low PA compared to people residing in other geographic domains.ConclusionsBeing a female and migration from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher likelihood of having low PA. Therefore, promotion and prevention strategies related to PA are required, especially in the female and migrant populations.

Physical Activity Types Of General And Metabolic Syndrome Positive Populations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the grouping of several cardiometabolic indices elevating risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) beneficially impacts MetS; however, it is unclear what PA types (i.e., walking, soccer, etc.) MetS-positive individuals engage in, and how this compares with the general population. PURPOSE: To compare self-reported PA types between MetS-positive individuals and the general population. METHODS: Using 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data, 792 individuals with no missing cardiometabolic data were classified as MetS positive (ATP-III criteria). PA in the past seven days was reported from a list, with the option to provide an unlisted response. Although not a perfect comparison, 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data provide the most recent published general population data for comparison. BRFSS respondents reported the two most usual PAs and frequency of participation. Both NHANES and BRFSS collected data on typical participation levels of PA. Descriptive statistics for MetS-positive individuals were calculated and chi-square goodness of fit was used to compare prevalence of PA type with the general population. RESULTS: Most MetS-positive individuals did not report any PA type (n = 780, 97.5%). MetS-positive individuals versus the general population self-reported PA types were: active video gaming (0.63% vs. 0.4%), football (0.55% vs. 0.2%), walking (0.45% vs. 47.4%), roller blading (0.20% vs. 1.4%), running (0.20% vs. 13.4%), basketball (0.18% vs. 2.1%), soccer (0.17% vs. 1.1%), aerobics (0.05% vs. 4.4%), and bike riding (0.05% vs. 4.8%), respectively. The general population had a greater prevalence for all PAs with significant difference in the observed and expected prevalence (p < 0.001). Active video gaming and walking were the most prevalent PAs among MetS-positive individuals and the general population, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although significantly higher in the general population, the relatively low prevalence of PA in both populations is concerning, but especially so for MetS-positive individuals already at increased cardiometabolic risk. The relatively greater proportion of active video gaming may be an area of interest to increase PA engagement and subsequently improve health.

Associations of health-risk behaviors with mental health among Chinese children

ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the individual and combined association of health-risk behaviors with mental health among Chinese children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China, from May to June 2018. Participants self-reported the information on physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and sleep duration. Mental health, including depression, social anxiety and self-esteem, was assessed using standard questionnaires. A total of 1296 children (704 males and 592 females) aged 9.2 ± 0.4 years were included in the present study. The prevalence of low PA, high ST, low FV intake, and inadequate sleep duration was 45.6%, 18.0%, 69.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. Overall, significant associations were found between individual health-risk behavior and increased risks of mental health. Furthermore, children with three or four health-risk behaviors showed significantly increased risks of anxiety (OR: 3.18, 95%CI: 1.63–6.21), depression (OR: 4.55, 95%CI: 2.28–9.09) and low self-esteem (OR: 3.59, 95%CI: 2.20–5.88) compared with those without health-risk behavior. Results of this study revealed a high prevalence of health-risk behaviors among Chinese children. Furthermore, the clustering of health-risk behavior was associated with significantly increased risks of mental health in this population. Considering these findings, it is important to perform early interventions to reduce children’s health-risk behavior and prevent mental health problems.

Age and sex characteristics of behavioral risk factors and adherence to a healthy lifestyle in Muscovites

Aim. To study the sex characteristics of behavioral risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases and to assess the integral indicator of adherence to a healthy lifestyle in Muscovites within the AEGIDA-Moscow study. Material and methods. A random sample from the adult population of Moscow aged ≥ 18 years (n=4063; men, 40,9%) was used. The response rate was 78,1%. The standard survey was conducted using an international questionnaire based on the WHO STEPS Instrument. The following parameters were analyzed: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity (PA), consumption of vegetables/fruits and salt. High integral indicator of adherence to a healthy lifestyle was recorded in case of normal PA, sufficient intake of vegetables/fruits, non-smoking, and without excessive intake of salt and alcohol. Results. The smoking prevalence in Moscow was 18,3%. Among men, this indicator was more than 2 times higher than among women (28,0 and 11,4%, respectively, p&lt;0,05). On average, the prevalence of low PA among men and women did not differ significantly (27,8 and 29,3%, p&gt;0,5). The prevalence of insufficient consumption of vegetables/fruits (&lt;400g) (men, 66,8%, women, 58,3%), excessive (&gt;5 g) consumption of salt (60,3 and 41,9%, respectively) and alcohol (6,7 and 4,4%, respectively), and an unfavorable integral indicator of adherence to a healthy lifestyle (47,1 and 30,7%, respectively) among men was higher than among women. Conclusion. The prevalence of smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol and salt, and insufficient intake of fruits/vegetables among men was significantly higher than among women. The prevalence of low PA in the male and female cohorts did not differ significantly. Almost half (47,1%) of men and a third (30,7%) of women have an unfavorable integral indicator of adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

Tree-Based Machine Learning to Identify and Understand Major Determinants for Stroke at the Neighborhood Level.

BackgroundStroke is a major cardiovascular disease that causes significant health and economic burden in the United States. Neighborhood community‐based interventions have been shown to be both effective and cost‐effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. There is a dearth of robust studies identifying the key determinants of cardiovascular disease and the underlying effect mechanisms at the neighborhood level. We aim to contribute to the evidence base for neighborhood cardiovascular health research.Methods and ResultsWe created a new neighborhood health data set at the census tract level by integrating 4 types of potential predictors, including unhealthy behaviors, prevention measures, sociodemographic factors, and environmental measures from multiple data sources. We used 4 tree‐based machine learning techniques to identify the most critical neighborhood‐level factors in predicting the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke, and compared their predictive performance for variable selection. We further quantified the effects of the identified determinants on stroke prevalence using a Bayesian linear regression model. Of the 5 most important predictors identified by our method, higher prevalence of low physical activity, larger share of older adults, higher percentage of non‐Hispanic Black people, and higher ozone levels were associated with higher prevalence of stroke at the neighborhood level. Higher median household income was linked to lower prevalence. The most important interaction term showed an exacerbated adverse effect of aging and low physical activity on the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke.ConclusionsTree‐based machine learning provides insights into underlying drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health by discovering the most important determinants from a wide range of factors in an agnostic, data‐driven, and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the interactive mechanism can be used to prioritize and allocate resources to optimize community‐level interventions for stroke prevention.

Impact of Ramadan on Physical Activity and Sleeping Patterns in Individuals with Type2 Diabetes: The First Study Using Fitbit Device.

IntroductionThe impact of Ramadan fasting, a type of intermittent fasting, on the management of diabetes has not been well investigated. Physical activity, sleep duration, and time of sleep are susceptible to alterations during Ramadan due to the changes in the times and numbers of meals. This study compared physical activity and sleep patterns of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during and after Ramadan using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and a Fitbit Flex 2 accelerometer.MethodsSaudi individuals (n = 36) with T2DM completed a self-reported questionnaire and wore a Fitbit device for seven consecutive days during and after Ramadan. Fitbit generated weekly step counts, activity intensities, sedentary time, and sleep durations and times. IPAQ was used to estimate the physical activity and sitting time of participants in each period. Sleep patterns were assessed in each period by a self-reported questionnaire.ResultsBoth Fitbit and IPAQ indicated a high prevalence of low physical activity among the participants with non-significant variances between the during and after Ramadan periods. Also, a significant short daily total sleeping hours and daily night-time sleeping hours was seen during the Ramadan period. The duration of night-time sleep was observed to be low in each period.ConclusionsThis is the first study to use a Fitbit device to monitor individuals with T2DM who chose to fast during Ramadan. The study shows a high prevalence of low physical activity among Saudi individuals with T2DM in each period, and short sleep durations in the during Ramadan period compared to after Ramadan period. A high prevalence of short night-time sleep duration and excessive daytime sleeping was observed in both periods and significantly in the during Ramadan period. A larger study is needed in the future covering before, during, and after Ramadan to evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes related to Ramadan fasting on type 2 diabetes.Electronic Supplementary MaterialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13300-020-00825-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of low physical activity, its predictors and knowledge regarding being overweight/obesity: A community-based study from urban South India.

Introduction:Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity as per the World Health Organisation (WHO). The current study was conducted in the city of Erode, Tamil Nadu, South India, to estimate the prevalence and predictors of low physical activity (LPA) and assess their knowledge with regards to being overweight/obesity.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study conducted over 24 months from July 2015 to June 2017. Multi-stage random sampling was done in 12 randomly chosen corporation wards. All consenting individuals above 18 years of age were included. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire incorporating the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results:For the study, 489 individuals were screened and 461 were included. Prevalence of LPA was 49.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:45.34%, 54.46%). The significant predictors (adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]) of LPA were patient education 1.129 (1.006, 1.2670); unemployment (2.418 [1.610, 3.631]) and knowledge score (5.172 [1.314, 9.423] 27). In the knowledge assessment, 60.3% of the participants scored less than 50%. The significant predictors of poor knowledge were marital status (unmarried) (3.857 [1.341, 11.091]), lower educational status (1.191 [1.009, 1.362]) and low socioeconomic status (SES) (1.050 [1.005, 1.121]).Conclusion:Prevalence of LPA in our population is fairly high and there is gross knowledge inadequacy.

Behavioral Risk Factors Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of School-Going Adolescents In Indonesia.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of behavioral non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Indonesia.MethodsCross-sectional national data were analyzed from 11,124 in-school adolescents (mean age 14.0 years) of the Indonesia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015. Seven behavioral NCD risk factors (substance use, dietary behavior, overweight or obesity, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed by questionnaire in a classroom setting.ResultsThe prevalence of low physical activity was 87.8%, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake 76.8%, having soft drinks daily 27.9%, leisure-time sedentary behavior 27.3%, overweight or obesity 15.8%, current tobacco use 12.8%, and alcohol use 4.4%. From the seven behavioral NCD risk factors, the mean was 2.5 (SD=1.0), and almost half (46.5%) had at least three risk factors. In adjusted linear regression analysis, being a boy, increasing age and psychological distress increased the odds and hunger or food insecurity and parental support decreased the odds for having behavioral risk factors.ConclusionA high co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was identified. Several risk factors (older age, boys, distress, and poor parental support) were identified that can be targeted in intervention programs.

2199Cardiovascular risk behaviour is an emerging health issue in developing countries

Abstract Background Previously, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was considered the “Disease of the Rich”, however nowadays also populations with low socioeconomic status have been identified at increased risk of developing CVD. The global progress in CVD prevention is scarce particularly in developing countries, which are facing a high burden of CVD whilst there is limited availability of resources and evidence to educate and modify lifestyle behaviours in the population. Moreover, there is a lack of infrastructure and policy making in these countries. Purpose The goal of the study was to quantify the prevalence of different cardiovascular risk behaviours among patients with known cardiovascular conditions in a developing countries. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional survey was conducted in two referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Outpatient unit patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of CVD were eligible for participation in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with patients using validated tools; WHO STEPs instrument and international physical activity questionnaire. Results A total of 287 CVD patients were recruited, 56% were females and 90% were urban residents. All patients had inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables, 20% were current khat chewers, 19% were current alcohol drinkers and only 1% were current smokers. The prevalence of low physical activity (defined as less than 600 MET-minutes per week) in the total population was 51.6% for both sexes; more than half of the total population were physically inactive. Moreover, females had a significantly higher prevalence of physical inactivity as compared to males, 58% vs 43.2%, P=0.017. Approximately one-third (30%) of patients had only one of these risk behaviours, more than half (52%) had two, 18% had three or more risk behaviours. The majority (70%) of the patients had multiple risk behaviours (Table 1), the prevalence of these did not significantly vary with sex, residence and educational level (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Patients with CVD maintain unhealthy lifestyles even though attending follow up care with a specific focus on risk management. The findings of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption in developing countries. The emerging increase of CVD and the continuation of unhealthy lifestyle in patients is somewhat comparable with western countries, demonstrating an emerging global problem. Moreover, this study shows the existing follow-up care is ineffective and provides evidence for policy makers that health services reform is required. Implementation of lifestyle support programs should be considered for the disease prevention policy agenda in developing countries.

Geographical Patterning of Physical Activity Prevalence in Iran: Spatial Analysis of 4 Pooled National Health Surveys Among 119,560 Adults.

To investigate the geographical distribution of physical activity (PA) prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years old across Iran provinces using geographic maps. Data from 4 consecutive national surveys conducted between 2007 and 2010 were pooled to determine the geographical distribution. Prevalence of low PA with 95% confidence interval was estimated by sociodemographic subpopulations over provinces using complex survey design. In total, 119,560 participants (49.9% females) were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) age of participants was 39.5 (14.3) years. The prevalence of the low PA in the pooled 2007-2010 was 35.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1-37.6). The 3 provinces with the highest prevalence of low PA were Sistan and Baluchestan, Yazd, and Hormozgan. The results of hot spot analysis showed that the Kerman province was a hot spot, and Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Markazi were cold spots for low PA. Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Mazandaran had the highest total PA volume (metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Hot spot analysis showed that Ilam and Khuzestan provinces were hot spots for the total PA volume. The regions with low and high PA are predominately situated in the near center/southeast and west, respectively.