Prevalence Of Internal Parasites Research Articles

Internal parasitic helminth infecting reared fishes from the West Region of Cameroon: Epidemiological profile and effects on fish health

Intensification of the fish farming sector in Cameroon can result to reduction of profitability and public health concerns due to emergence of parasites amongst which zoonotic ones. Unfortunately, limited and outdated data are available on internal parasites of reared fish as well as their impact on the infected fish. A total of 2254 live fish samples of males and females were randomly obtained made up of Clarias gariepinus (692), Cyprinus carpio (593) and Oreochromis niloticus (969). The skin, the gastrointestinal tract of the fish was examined for the presence of parasite, using standard procedures. An overall prevalence of 8.47% coupled with a very low intensity was assessed. This study revealed a diverse parasitic fauna made up of Acanthocephala sp. (4.84%), Cappilaria sp. (1.91%), Eustrongylides sp. (1.06%), Camallanus sp. (1.2%) and Orientatractis sp. (0.34%). Meanwhile, intensities mean values were higher in Cappilaria sp. followed by Eustrongyloides sp., Camallanus sp. and finally Acanthocephalus sp. Prevalence of internal parasites was higher in Cyprinus carpio (8.77%). Clarias Gariepinus on the other hand, had a higher intensity. Fish were mostly infected during the dry season. Nevertheless, a high parasitic load was observed in the rainy season. Specimens collected in the earthen ponds show a higher prevalence (p < 0.05), while those in concrete ponds had a higher infection intensity. Females were more prevalent contrary to males which have a higher intensity. Parasites were identified from the body cavities and gastrointestinal tracts of fishes. Comparison of Length/Weight relationship and Fulton condition index K does not show any differences between the parasitized and non-parasitized specimens. Parasites with a zoonotic potential were detected in this study, highlighting the importance of intensifying biosecurity and parasite control measures in fish farms in West Cameroon.

Prevalence of Internal Parasites in Baladi Chickens at The Middle Region of the Nile Delta, Egypt

A total of 630 Baladi chickens were collected from different poultry markets at middle delta, Egypt to screen the presence of intestinal parasites over a period of one year from February 2018 to January 2019. Seventy-eight examined chickens (18.13%) were infected with helminths species and sixty-three (31.5%) were infected with protozoa. The seasonal prevalence of the infection was studied, and the highest rate was during autumn (27.58%) in helminths infection while the highest rate was recorded during winter (34.8%) in protozoa infection and the lowest rate was during summer (11.83 and 27.4 %) in helminths and protozoa respectively.

Internal parasites of equines and associated risk factors in and around Guder town, West Shewa, central Ethiopia

Internal parasites directly affect the health and production of working equines, which contributes to the reduction in their work output and ultimately in the income of the owner and the community. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in and around Guder town, west Shewa, central Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of equine internal parasites and assess the potential associated risk factors. A total of 384 faecal samples from equine species (152 donkeys, 107 horses, 125 mules) were collected and examined for the presence of eggs of parasites using standard coprological methods. Out of these, 341(88.8%) equines were found positive for one or more internal parasites. The prevalence of internal parasites in donkeys, horses, and mules was 95.4%, 89.7%, and 80% respectively.Out of 341 positive samples, the species of parasites found were Strongylus spp. (40.8%), Parascaris equorum, (25.5%), Oxyuris equi, (17.6%), Strongyloides species(8.8%), Fasciola (10.6%), Dictyocoulus arnifieldi,(10%) and Anoplocephala species (1.5%). Single (86.2%) and mixed (13.8%) parasite species. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence between species (χ2= 16.47, p=0.001) and the purpose of keeping equines (χ2=12.41, p=0.006) in which more number of donkeys and pack animals were positive for parasites than other animals. However, there was no statistically significant difference among, age, sex, house, feed, and body conditions of study animals. In conclusion, this study revealed that the occurrence of internal parasites in equine species in the study area was common phenomenon, especially in donkeys. Hence,strategic prevention and control of internal parasites should be implemented.Keywords: Distribution; Equines; Guder town; Identification; Internal parasites

31 Prevalence of Internal Parasites in the Feral Hog Population of East Texas.

31 Prevalence of Internal Parasites in the Feral Hog Population of East Texas.

Occurrence of internal parasites in cattle in various management systems in South-East Poland

The changes in the cattle farming system in Poland observed in the last two decades and related to its evolution into massive scale, specialized farming may have an influence on the occurrence of parasitoses. The study was aimed at showing differences in the prevalence of internal parasites in cattle depending on the herd size, management system and production type. In the period of October to December in 2016 and 2017, the study covered 46 farms with a livestock density from 2 to 160 animals (over 1 year of age), including 25 farms with a confined management system, 12 farms using pastures occasionally and 7 farms with animals using pastures during the whole season. Out of these farms, 36 were oriented towards dairy cattle and 10 to beef cattle. The analytical methods involved flotation, sedimentation and the Baermann technique. In total, 276 feces samples were analyzed. The analysis involved a representative number of samples from each farm, depending on the herd size: from 100% of the animals in the smallest farms to 10% in the largest ones. In total, eleven different taxa of parasites were identified, and their general prevalence was as follows: Eimeria spp. 24.6%, Buxtonella sulcata 25.7%, Strongyloides papillosus 7.6%, gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichostrongylidae, Chabertia, Oesophagostomum) 35.1%, Nematodirus spp. 4.7%, Bunostomum phlebotomum 7.6%, Trichuris spp. 6.2%, Fasciola hepatica 6.9%, Paramphistomum spp 2.5%, Moniezia spp. 2.9%, Dictyocaulus viviparus 2.5%. The forms of parasites were found in samples coming from all studied herds. Invasions of protozoa (Eimeria, Buxtonella) were most commonly found in dairy cattle, in large herds managed in a free stall barn system and in beef cattle, in large herds managed in a pasture system. These herds were also most frequently infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The invasions of trematodes, tapeworms and pulmonary nematodes were detected only in cattle using pastures, most commonly in large herds..

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Intestine of Dogs (Sheep-Keeper, Owned, Pet and Stray) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region

This survey was done to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in the intestine of dogs in Duhok province from February to October 2015. A total of 270 sheep-keepers, owned, pet and stray dogs’ fecal samples from most areas in Duhok province were collected and examined by flotation technique, sedimentation technique and direct smear. During this study Spirocerca lupi (0.7%) and Uncernia stenocephala (2%) were recorded for the first time in Kurdistan region; while Diplydium caninum (16.7%), Strongyloides spp. (1.9%), Ancylostoma caninum (2.2%), Isosporaspp (9.3%), cyst of Giardia (5.2%), Hymenolepis nana (1.9%), Eimeria oocyst (3.7%), Taenia spp. (13.7%) and trematode eggs (1.9%) were recorded for the first time in dogs of Duhok province. The overall percentage of intestinal parasites in dogs was 65.9%.

Prevalence of Internal Parasites of Intensively Managed Pigs Located in Nsukka, South-East Nigeria

The prevalence of Gastrointestinal helminths in intensively managed pig farms located in Nsukka, SouthEast Nigeria was investigated in this study. Eighty-three (83) pigs of different ages and sexes from seven farms located in Nsukka LGA were randomly selected for the study. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum of selected animals and subjected to standard parasitological analysis. Of the 83 pigs examined, 20 animals (24.10%) were infected with Gastrointestinal (GI) parasite species. Three types of GI parasites were observed in infected animals and they include Hyostrongylus rubidus (18.07%), Ascaris suum (2.62%) and Trichuris suis (2.41%). There were no observed cases of mixed infections in infected animals. Infection was also found to be higher in male (31.58%) than in female pigs. Adult pigs (25.71%) were however more infected than younger pigs. In conclusion, there is need for better attention to be paid to improved sanitary conditions, improved management practices and better veterinary intervention with an effective anthelminthic programme in the study area. Also with regard to the observed tendency of the farmers to self-medicate their animals, constant surveillance and monitoring as well as public education campaigns is advocated to prevent the onset of resistance to available therapeutics.

Prevalence of internal parasites in sheep/goats and effective economic de-worming plan at upland Balochistan,Pakistan

A nitrite reductase gene related to somatic embryogenesis was first cloned from Gossypium hirsutum. The cDNA sequence of the gene, named GhNiR, is 2,257 bp in length, with 254 bp of the 5’ untranslated region and 236 bp of the 3’ untranslated region. The open reading frame is 1,767 bp in length, encoding a deduced amino acid sequence of 588 residues with a molecular weight of 65.722 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.07. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of GhNiR was higher in embryogenic calli and somatic embryoids than in nonembryogenic calli among different somatic embryogenesis stages, and that the level of GhNiR mRNA was also higher in the cultivar with higher somatic embryogenesis ability. The catalytic GhNiR was verified by transformation in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain with the recombinant expression vector pET-28A-GhNiR. NiR activity assay showed that the crude GhNiR protein had obvious activity to NaNO2 substrate.

The prevalence of internal parasites in wild boar farms in Finland

Background In Finland, the most important internal parasites in domestic pigs are nematode Ascaris suum and coccidia Isospora suis. As the environmental conditions and management practices in wild boar (Sus scrofa) outdoor farming are suitable for parasites during most seasons, we wanted to explore the parasite burden of wild boars in Finland. This kind of research has not been carried out earlier in our country. Economical losses caused by internal parasites, especially ascarids, are mainly due to reduced daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio [1].

Monthly changes in body condition scores and internal parasite prevalence in Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on sweetveld

The objective of the study was to determine monthly changes in body condition scores, body weights and on the prevalence of internal parasites in Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on sweetveld. Body condition scores (BCS), body weights (BW), packed cell volume (PCV) and monthly faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined in 25 Nguni, 15 Bonsmara and 15 Angus steers. Nguni and Bonsmara steers maintained their body condition throughout the study, while the Angus lost condition. The Nguni had the highest PCV levels. The PCV levels tended to decline during the rainy season for all the breeds. The FEC were generally low. Fasciola spp. and strongyle eggs were found in 16.3 and 54.6% of the collected faecal samples, respectively. Of the three breeds, Nguni steers had the lowest parasite infestation levels, with the Bonsmara being more susceptible than the other two breeds. Generally, the egg counts observed throughout the study were low.

Prevalence of internal parasites in municipal chicken invillages of Falluja – Iraq

Seventy non-descriptive breed hens of 1-2 years age were examined and observed 60 (85.7%) hens were infected with various species of metazoan and protozoan parasites. Of (8) helminthes species recorded, Sublora suctoria was the most common nematodes, while Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina cesticillus, Hymenolepis caioca and Choanotaenia infundibulum, were also frequently observed. Eimeria oocysts were seen in the intestinal contents of 8 (11.4%) hens. It was concluded from this study that local hens might be infected with certain helminthes and protozoan and special attention should be taken.

Prevalence of parasite eggs (Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris equorum, and strongyles) and oocysts (Emeria leuckarti) in the feces of Thoroughbred foals on 14 farms in central Kentucky in 2003.

Prevalence of internal parasites was determined by fecal examination for eggs and oocysts in Thoroughbred foals in central Kentucky in 2003. Fecal samples were examined from 733 foals on 14 farms. This included 70 trips to the farms and a total of 2,346 fecal samplings. Monthly collection of fecal samples was begun for four farms in February, six in March, three in April, and one farm in May. Termination of the study for all farms was the end of July. A criterion was that the foals be at least 10 days old for initial samplings. If available, the same foals were sampled each time, in addition to foals born in the interim between farm visits. Ages of the foals for the complete study varied from 10 to 223 days. Prevalence (mean %) was determined for eggs of Strongyloides westeri (1.5%), Parascaris equorum (22.4%), and strongyles (27.6%) and for oocysts of Eimeria leuckarti (41.6%) in feces of foals. Foals had infections of S. westeri on six farms (42.9%), of P. equorum on 12 farms (86%), and of strongyles and E. leuckarti on all 14 farms (100%).

Survey of internal parasites in Western Australian pig herds. 1. Prevalence.

Between September 1982 and March 1984, 101 Western Australian piggeries with 15 or more sows were surveyed to determine the prevalence of internal parasites and examine the relationship between parasitism and management practices. Faecal samples were collected from 20 pigs in 4 age groups in randomly selected piggeries, and examined for the presence of eggs of helminth parasites and protozoan cysts. Evidence of nematode parasites was found in 79% of piggeries. Sows were more commonly affected than other classes of pigs with worm eggs being found in 68% of herds. Oesophagostomum spp was the most prevalent worm species, being found in pigs from 65% of piggeries and in sows in 60% of herds. Ascaris suum was the most common species of worm found in growing pigs. There was no evidence of infection with either Metastrongylus spp or Strongyloides spp in any of the herds sampled. Oocysts of coccidia were found in pigs from 56% of piggeries and Balantidium coli cysts were detected in pigs from 42% of piggeries sampled.

Prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956–1983) in Kentucky

The prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956–1983). Data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. Parasites found were: bots ( n = 513) — Gasterophilus intestinals, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94% (168); G. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); 3rd instar, 81% (51); stomach worms ( n = 200) — Habronema muscae, 65%(179); Draschia megastoma, 29%(95); Trichostronglus axei, 46%(3000); ascarids ( n = 513) — Parascaris equorum, mature, 50%(25); immature, 23%(33); tapeworms ( n = 513), Anoplocephala perfoliata, 17%(15); A. magna, 14%(10); large strongyles ( n = 487), Strongylus vulgaris, 84%(80); S. edentatus, 79%(101); S. equinus, 6%(14); small strongyles ( n = 210), 100%(142 000); pinworms ( Oxyuris equi, immature ( n = 210), 78%(9000); mature ( n = 506), 40%(62); Probstmayria vivipara ( n = 210), 12%(10 7); S. vulgaris in cranial mesenteric artery ( n = 472), 89%(57). The majority of the horses examined were mixed lighthorse type but several Thoroughbreds were included. Ages varied from about 4 months 20 years old, with most being approximately 1–3 years old. They probably had either no or infrequent previous treatment with parasiticides. Most of the horses were selected for presence for presense of certain internal parasites, usually large strongyles, prior to usage in the critical tests.

THE STOCK PARASITE POSITION IN REILATION TO GRASSLAND

No clearer demonstration could be desired of the vital relationship obtaining between the condition of grasslands and the prevalence of internal parasites in sheep, than this last year's widespread losses of hoggets from worms.