Prevalence Of Hypodermosis Research Articles

Sero-prevalence of hypodermosis in cattle in Mosul city, Iraq

Bovine hypodermosis has been known as a veterinary disease that mainly caused by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. This study aimed to determine sero-prevalence of cattle grubs in Mosul, Iraq utilizing indirect ELISA as well as effect of some risk factors on prevalence of hypodermosis. A total of two hundred blood specimens were collected from healthy and infested cattle through direct palpation. All samples were collected from cattle at Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Mosul abattoir, Kokjali and Bazwaya region during October 2020 to March 2021. Outcomes of iELISA showed 40.5% as an infestation rate of hypodermosis. Notably, infestation intensity has distributed as light, moderate and sever 11, 18.5 and 70.3% respectively. Interestingly, highest seroprevalence of hypodermosis was recorded in October 67.7%, and the lowest was recorded in February and March 22.2%, 25% respectively. Observations of current study also recorded the infection rate in age was 54.7% in animals less than 3 years old, and the lowest was 16% in animals more than 3 years old. Moreover, breed showed a significant risk factor 53.8% for imported cattle and 14.7% for local breed. Importantly, risk factor concerning area recorded the highest rate in Kokjali 52.2%. In contrast, the lowest rate recorded in Teaching Veterinary Hospital 14.8%. The present study is the first investigation to identify cattle hypodermosis by iELISA in Mosul, Iraq. iELISA has been approved as the best diagnostic tool for early detection of hypodermosis during the migrating phase. Interestingly, age, breed and months of study were significant risk factors.

Epidemiological survey and economic significance of bovine hypodermosis on the Kars Plateau in the Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and seroprevalence of hypodermosis and to calculate the economic loss associated with hide damage in the cattle on the Kars Plateau, Turkey. A total of 6563 randomly selected cattle were examined by skin palpation from 1 April to 31 May 2014. A subset of 465 serum samples was collected from October to November in 2014 and analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall prevalence of hypodermosis was 16.9% in the cattle examined by skin palpation. In respect of each of the risk factors assessed, the highest prevalence rates were recorded in 2-year-old (26.4%), Brown Swiss crossbred (17.9%), female (18.1%), and dark-colored (49.7%) cattle. A total of 15,349 warble larvae were detected under the skin of 1114 cattle. The larval count per animal ranged from 1 to 91, with a mean count of 13.8. Seroprevalence was found to be 73.8% (343/465), with the highest rates of infestation in 2-year-old (87.7%), dark-colored (81.1%), female (80.4%), and Brown Swiss crossbred (87.7%) cattle. The highest seroprevalence rate was 96.8% and the lowest was 49.5%. The economic loss caused by the disease was calculated as 18,615 Turkish lira in the survey areas.

Prevalence of hypoderma infestation and cattle hypodermosis in tabriz slaughterhouse, Iran

To determine the infestation status of the species in four seasons Hypoderma in Tabriz abattoir took on the cows. The study area Hypoderma bovis was the predominant species in cattle.Out of 400 cattle examined, 55 (13/75%) were infested with warble fly in the slaughter house. Highest prevalence of 13/75% was recorded in the month of December in slaughter house . The number of nodules present on the back region, flank region and hump of the animals ranged from 3 to 41. Prevalence of hypodermosis was greater in males than in females. In slaughter house, the prevalence was 26 (13%) and 22(11%) in males and females . In slaughter house, 4 , 4/5 , 6/5 , 9 % prevalence was found in bullock, cow, heifers and calves respectively. The nodule formation started in the first week of September and the perforation by the Hypoderma larvae from the skin was noticed in the month of November.

Prevalence and economic significance of bovine hypodermosis in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and economic losses due to in cattle of hypodermosis between May 2008 and April 2009 in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey. A total of 6,598 cattle-3,498 in pasture and 3,100 in slaughterhouse-were examined for hypodermosis. One hundred ninety-five out of 6,598 cattle (2.96%) were found positive. Concerning this infestation rate, the prevalence of hypodermosis in field was 5.3%, whereas the prevalence was 0.3% in slaughter house. Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum were recorded in slaughter house. First-stage Hypoderma spp. larvae weren't found in cattle organs in slaughterhouse. The annual economic loss on skins is estimated to be about 18,288 TL (currency exchange rate is 1 USD:1.499 TL).

A Survey of Seasonal Infestation with Przhevalskiana Larvae in Slaughtered Goats and Sheep in South-western Iran

In this research slaughtered sheep and goats were investigated during August 2003-July 2004 at a slaughterhouse in Masjed-Soleyman, South-Western Iran. The number of infested animals with Przhevalskiana larvae and their age and sex was recorded. Collected larvae from infested animals were stored in Alcohol-Glycerin solution and were studied to determine their morphological properties and species. The data was analyzed by the chi-square test. Rate of infestation was 0.2 and 5.3% in sheep and goats, respectively. Infestation rate in male and female goats and sheep was significantly different (p<0.05). Prevalence of hypodermosis in sheep was significantly different in spring and winter, while infestation prevalence in goats was significantly different in four seasons of the year. Myiasis was seen more frequent in 2-3 and 1-2-year-old age groups of sheep and goats, respectively. The causative agents of goat and sheep hypodermosis were Przhevalskiana aegagri and Przhevalskiana crossii. The onset of fly activity was from late June to mid July.

Prevalence of Warble Fly Infestation in Buffalo in Chakwal, Punjab

Parasitism is the major problem affecting livestock in many parts of the world. Amongst these parasitic problems, the warble fly infestation (hypodermosis) is a notorious and common malady of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat in Pakistan. The disease is endemic in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats in semi-hilly and mountainous areas of Pakistan. Keeping in view the importance of buffaloes an epidemiological survey was conducted to find the prevalence of hypodermosis in district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan, during the year 2005-2006. Buffaloes are mainly kept for milk purpose in the study area. Out of 2000 buffaloes examined clinically, for grub infestation in the study area 125 (6.25%) and 37 (5.20%) found to be positive for the warble fly infestation in slaughter house as well as in the field. A prevalence variation among the male and female animals was also observed during the study. The factors of climatic conditions that favor the fly activity and contribute in the onset of disease.

Epidemiological survey of hypodermosis in western Spain.

A serological survey was carried out to establish the prevalence of hypodermosis in Extremadura, a region of western Spain. Direct clinical methods and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine 1668 cattle between February 1992 and March 1993. An overall prevalence of 19.54 per cent was observed by the direct methods, and a prevalence of 42.3 per cent by the ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for hypodermosis were assessed, and the fluctuation of antibody levels was studied throughout the year and correlated with the age of the host, the intensity of parasitism and the mean larval burden.