Prevalence Of Hypertension In Females Research Articles

A glimpse into the future: modelling global prevalence of hypertension

BackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insights and foresights on trends of hypertension prevalence are crucial to informing health policymaking. We examined and projected the patterns of hypertension prevalence among sexes.MethodsUsing annual hypertension prevalence (18 + years) data sourced from WHO Global Health Observatory data repository from 1975 to 2015, Prophet models were developed to forecast the 2040 prevalence of hypertension in males, females, and both sexes. We used k-means clustering and self-organising maps to determine the clusters of hypertension prevalence concerning both sexes among 176 countries.ResultsWorldwide, Croatia is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males by 2040, while that of females is in Niger. Among the world’s most populated countries, Pakistan and India are likely to increase by 7.7% and 4.0% respectively in both sexes. South-East Asia is projected to experience the largest hypertension prevalence in males, whereas Africa is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in females. Low-income countries are projected to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in both sexes. By 2040, the prevalence of hypertension worldwide is expected to be higher in the male population than in female. Globally, the prevalence of hypertension is projected to decrease from 22.1% in 2015 to 20.3% (20.2 – 20.4%) in 2040. We also identified three patterns of hypertension prevalence in 2040, cluster one countries are estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males (29.6%, 22.2 – 41.1%) and females (29.6%, 19.4 – 38.7%).ConclusionThese findings emphasise the need for new and effective approaches toward the prevention and control of hypertension in Africa, South-East Asia, and Low-income countries.

Serum Uric Acid Level in Acute Stroke Patient: Study of 100 Cases

Background: The role of serum uric acid (SUA) levels as an independent risk factor for vascular disease has been questioned for decades. Epidemiological evidence shows that greater SUA levels may predict an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, such as Stroke. Hyperuricemia has long been linked to cardiovascular illness, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2010 to December 2010. This study included one hundred first-time stroke patients, both male, and female (non-pregnant), who fulfill the inclusion criteria. It was a prospective observational study. A purposive sampling technique was used. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were male, and the rests were female. About 85% of them were Muslim. Result: The mean age of the patients was 62.3 years with an SD ± 9.078 years. Patients from the age group 51-60 years formed the main bulk, followed by 61-70 years group (36% and 33% respectively). The mean value of serum uric acid was found as 7.108 mg/dl (SD ± 2.292), which was clearly above the normal limit. The mean value of Random Blood Sugar was 7.45 mg/dl with SD ± 3.292 (n=86), and for Serum Creatinine, the mean and SD value were 0.898 and 0.2108, respectively, which are within the normal limit. Lipid profiles were checked in 93 patients. It was shown that the Cholesterol level was much higher than the normal value, but other parameters were somewhat normal and about half of the male respondents were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension in females was little more than their male counterparts. The study revealed that about 24% of all male stroke patients suffered from DM, whereas females were 17%. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Right-sided hemorrhagic CVD topped the tally in both sexes, followed by left-sided hemorrhagic CVD. The prevalence of Ischemic CVD was found to be a little lower. The present study ...........

Total cholesterol: a potential mediator of the association between exposure to acrylamide and hypertension risk in adolescent females.

Acrylamide (AA) exposure is associated with a range of adverse health effects. However, whether AA exposure is related to hypertension in adolescents remains unclear. The associations of blood hemoglobin biomarkers of AA (HbAA) and its metabolite glycidamide (HbGA) with hypertension risk, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and linear regression. We identified a potential positive association between blood HbGA and hypertension risk in adolescent females (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.00-3.30; P for trend = 0.022); however, there was no correlation in the non-linear model (P = 0.831). In the sex-stratified linear models, blood HbGA level had a strong positive association with SBP in adolescent females (beta 0.84, 95% CI 0.13-1.55, P = 0.020). Mechanistically, a one-unit increase in blood HbGA (ln transformed) was associated with a 2.83mg/dL increase in total cholesterol (TC) among females in the fully adjusted model. Mediation analysis showed that TC mediated 24.15% of the association between blood HbGA level and the prevalence of hypertension in females. The present results provide epidemiological evidence that exposure to AA, mainly its metabolite glycidamide, is positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension or increased SBP in adolescent females.

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO PENYEBAB HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA DEWASA MUDA DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PERMASALAHAN KEHAMILAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKEMAS TELADAN TAHUN 2017

Hypertension is a generative disease which becomes a health problem throughout the world. Its prevalence in 18 years-old females is higher than that of males. The data from Riskesdas in 2013 revealed that the prevalence of hypertension in females was 28.8% and in males was 22.8%. it does not attack the aldery; it only attacks young adults. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause various complications in the entire organs and reproductive health in pregnancy and childbirth of young adult females. Goals: The research used observational analytic method with case-control design. It was conducted at Teladan Puskesmas, Medan from March until September, 2017. Method: The population was 96 hypertention young adult females who had been pregnant and visited Teladan Puskesmas. 48 of them were in the case gruop and the other 48 were respondents were in the control group (using total sampling technique). The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. Result: The result of the research showed that there was no influence of history of family on the incidence of hypertension (OR=1.6 95%CI= 0.683-4.1444), while obesity (OR=9 95%CI= 2.876-28.494), physical activity (OR=3.6 95%CI= 1.543- 11.626) had the influence on the incidence of hypertension. Obesity was the most dominant risk factor which influenced the incidence of hypertension in young adult females. Conclusion: It is recommended that young adult females keep their food intake stable with balanced nutrition and regular sport. Hypertension women should use hormonal contraceptive devices and have their blood pressure examined regularly so that complications can be detected early in preparing for pregnancy.

Study of prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in adults in an urban slum area of Western Maharashtra, India

Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem, which is common, asymptomatic, readily detectable, having preventable risk factors and often lead to lethal complications (viz. stroke, coronary heart disease) if left untreated. Identification of different risk factors is important for the prevention and control of hypertension. The objectives was to estimate prevalence of hypertension among people of age 20 years and above in an urban slum area and to study the association between risk factors and hypertension. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among the adults residing in the urban slum area, catered by U.H.C. of the Department of Community Medicine, Dr. V.M.G.M.C Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The sample size was 1122 adults in the age group of 20 years and above. By using systematic random sampling method, every 5th household was selected and data was collected by house to house visits, clinical examination and interview of study population with a pre-designed pre-tested proforma. Chi- square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 15.15 %. Prevalence of hypertension was slightly higher in males (15.86%) than prevalence of hypertension in females (14.51%). Age, body mass index, Physical activity, salt intake >5 grams, smoking, family h/o hypertension and waist-hip ratio were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension in urban slum area was found to be 15.15%. Age, BMI, Physical activity, salt intake, smoking, family h/o hypertension and WHR are the risk factors found in study.

Hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents in Shimla, Northern India-Time to awaken

Background: Hypertension is the most common, most potent universal contributor to CVD mortality. Primary prevention of hypertension and ischemic heart disease in adults necessitates a scientific evaluation of the predictors in childhood. BP studies in children provide important epidemiological information, which may help in controlling or modifying coronary risk factors. Objective: 1) To determine the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among urban school adolescents in Shimla city. 2) To determine the association between hypertension and BMI for age in both the genders in the adolescents. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 3385 students with 1665 females and 1720 male students was drawn for the purpose of the study. Socio-demographic profile, anthropometric and blood pressure readings were obtained. The prevalence of pre-hypertension, hypertension, obesity among the adolescents was determined. Results: Overall mean SBP and DBP increased significantly with age in both the genders. Mean SBP (111.60 mmHg ± 11.43) and DBP (72.88mmHg ± 7.41) were higher in males in comparison to females in whom mean SBP and DBP were 109.91 ± 12.04mmHg and 71.84 ± 7.37mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in females was more i. e., 13.1% in comparison to males 9.5%. However, the prevalence of pre-hypertension was nearly equal (11.0% in females and 11.3% in males). There was significant association of hypertension and BMI for age in both the genders. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for public health measures to prevent high BP in children and adolescents from becoming another public health burden. There is trend toward higher prevalence of hypertension in school going children which reflects the changing scenario of cardiovascular diseases in current era due to changing lifestyle, dietary pattern, decreased physical activity and increase in obesity. Early detection and intervention in childhood can prevent adult hypertension.

Associations of plasma n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese

The relationship between plasma fatty acid (FA) levels and hypertension in Chinese is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between plasma phospholipid (PL) FAs and hypertension in Chinese subjects. One thousand one hundred and fifty-four subjects in Hangzhou, China, were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fourteen (160 males, 54 females) subjects with hypertension and 940 (664 males, 276 females) healthy subjects were identified. The prevalence of hypertension in females (19.6%) was significantly higher than that in males (16.4%). Compared with healthy subjects, hypertensive subjects showed significantly lower plasma PL 22:5n–3 (p = 0.017), 22:6n–3 (p = 0.008), PL polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; p < 0.001), n–3 PUFA (p = 0.015), n–6 PUFA (p < 0.001) and 20:4n–6 (p < 0.010). PL n–3 PUFA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–1.19] and n–3:n–6 (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.12–1.86) were inversely associated with hypertension. However, plasma saturated fatty acid (SFA; OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.05–2.98) was significantly positively associated with hypertension. PL SFA was significantly positively associated with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.048), whereas plasma PL monounsaturated FA was significantly positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = 0.009) in hypertensive subjects. PL PUFA (p = 0.022) and n–3 PUFA (p = 0.047) were significantly negatively associated with DBP in hypertensive subjects. Our results suggest that plasma PL n–3 PUFA was significantly inversely associated with hypertension in Chinese. It would seem appropriate for hypertensive subjects to increase their dietary n–3 PUFA which may help reduce BP.

Genetic analysis of 22 candidate genes for hypertension in the Japanese population.

We performed association studies between 118 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 22 candidate genes (or gene family) and hypertension in a Japanese population. The study population consisted of 1880 subjects representing the general population in Japan, recruited from the Suita study. The candidate genes were selected based on their functions, including insulin resistance (APM1, CD36, HSD11B1), oxidative stress (CYBA, GPX1, GSTMs), steroid hormone (ESR1, ESR2, HSD11B2), renal functions (PTGS2, KLK1, NPHS1, NPHS2, SGK, SLC12A1, PTGES), and others related to cardiovascular physiology (GJA4, NOS1, NTRK3, P2RX4, SPP1, ALDH2). Multiple logistic analyses, with age and body mass index as covariates, indicated that 13 SNPs (eight genes), six SNPs (four genes) and 11 SNPs (four genes) were associated with hypertension (P < 0.05) in the total, male, and female populations, respectively. PTGS2 seems to be a promising candidate gene for hypertension in men. GSTM3 and SLC12A1 seem to be promising candidate genes for hypertension in women. Especially, a polymorphism in SLC12A1 was significantly associated with hypertension in women even after correction by the Bonferroni method (corrected P = 0.0236). Multiple logistic analyses, with age and body mass index as covariates, indicated that the prevalence of hypertension in females was significantly higher in subjects with the CC genotype than in those with the TT + TC genotypes (P < 0.0001, odds ratio = 1.967, 95% confidence interval = 1.430-2.712). Although the present results should be replicated in other study populations for confirmation, the present results suggest that SLC12A1 may contribute to hypertension in Japanese women.