Prevalence Of High-risk Pregnancies Research Articles

High Risk Pregnancy and its Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: High-risk pregnancy is defined as one which is complicated by factors or factors that adversely affect the pregnancy outcome (maternal, perinatal or both). Early detection and effectivemanagement of high risk pregnancy helps in achieving favorable maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to find the prevalence of high risk pregnancy and its outcome among pregnant women admitted for delivery in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among high risk pregnant women admitted for delivery using structured proforma, from April 2023 to September 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling was used among pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Data was entered in excel and analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics. Point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval Results: Among 350 deliveries, high risk pregnancy was seen in 91 (26%) (16.15-32.00, 95% Confidence Interval). The high risk factors were previous history of cesarean section 25 (27.47 %) followed by hypothyroidism 19 (20.87%) and gestational diabetes mellitus 15 (16.48%). Out of 90 high risk pregnancy, 84 (92.30%) had term delivery. Lower segment cesarean section was done in 69 (75.82%) patients of which 26 (28.57%) underwent emergency cesarean section. The total number of births among high risk preganancies were 93 with two sets of twin births. A total of 13 (13.97%) of the babies had low-birth weight. Conclusions: The prevalence of high risk pregnancy was found to be similar as compared to studies done in similar settings.

Prevalence of high risk pregnancy and study of maternal and perinatal outcome

Background: A high-risk pregnancy refers to pregnancy with an increased risk of adverse outcome in the mother or baby. Directing appropriate timely intervention is very important to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim was to study the prevalence of High-risk pregnancy and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome. Methods: A record-based retrospective observational study was done from January 2022 to December 2022 among antenatal women who were admitted in the labour ward of tertiary care institute. Results: Among 3,887pregnant patients, 1126 (28.96%) were high risk pregnancies. The most common high-risk factors were hypothyroidism (15.96%), hypertensive disorder (3.31%), previous one caesarean section (2.8%). 88% high risk pregnant women had caesarean section. 96.5% neonates had APGAR score more than 7 and 1.7% neonates were admitted to NICU. There were 8 macerated and 3 fresh still births. Conclusions: Directing appropriate timely intervention is very important to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In our tertiary care hospital, the prevalence of high-risk pregnancy was 28.96% and no maternal mortality.

Prevalence of High-risk Pregnancy

Prevalence of High-risk Pregnancy

Clinico-epidemiological profile of women with high-risk pregnancy utilizing antenatal services in a rural primary health center in India

Objective: Early detection and effective management of high-risk pregnancies can substantially contribute to the reduction of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of women with high-risk pregnancies in rural areas who utilize antenatal services in a primary health center (PHC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out over a six-month period by reviewing the mother and child protection cards maintained at the PHC's Maternal and Child Health Center. During the study period, 950 pregnant women were registered, of whom 793 were included in the study based on the completeness of the records. Data analysis was performed using the licensed Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: The prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among the antenatal women was 272 (34.3%) with 95% CI [31.1-37.7]. Of the 272 women, 240 (88.2%) had a single high-risk factor, while 32 (11.8%) had more than one high-risk factor. The major factor contributing to high-risk pregnancy was hypothyroidism (43.7% with 95% CI [37.9-49.6]), followed by a previous lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS) (19.1%). Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies was 34.3% in this rural setting. The majority of high-risk pregnancies were due to hypothyroidism, followed by more than one previous LSCS or abortion. Further research is required to track high-risk pregnancy outcomes and investigate the newborn thyroid profile of women with hypothyroidism.

Smartphone-based prenatal attachment education application design improving maternal and fetal attachment to high-risk pregnant mothers at Putri Ayu Health Center Jambi City

Background: The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in the world is still relatively high. Approximately 10-30% of mothers who undergo routine antenatal care are diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies and of these, 70-80% experience perinatal mortality and morbidity. The psychological impact of high-risk pregnancy is anxiety, stress, and the mother experiencing a crisis that can affect the relationship between the mother and the fetus. This condition can also continue in the relationship between mother and baby after birth. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the attachment of mother and fetus, one of which can be done by providing education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Android-based Prenatal Attachment Education Applications on Maternal and Fetal Attachment in High-Risk Pregnant Women.
 Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design study that uses a one group pretest - posttest design without control group. The intervention provided was in the form of prenatal attachment education packaged in an application via mobile phones. The research sample was 40 pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. The inclusion criteria in this study were pregnant women who could read and write. Exclusion criteria were respondents who were not willing to participate in the study.
 Results: Based on the results of the above analysis, it can be seen that Sig is 0.000 < 0.001, which means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. In other words, there is a significant relationship between the application of prenatal attachment education with maternal and fetal attachment.
 Conclusion: maternal and fetal attachment can be improved with prenatal attachment education applications, for that it is expected that the puskesmas implement prenatal attachment education applications using mobile phones so that they can increase maternal and fetal attachment.

Correlation Between Pregravid Nutritional Status, Obstetric Nutritional Risk and Maternal Morbidity in High Risk Pregnancy: A Case Control Study

A high-risk pregnancy (HRP) is one with either an abnormal or pathologic condition, concomitant to gestation or delivery, that threaten the life or health of the mother or fetus [1]. Prevalence of HRP has been reported between 12% and 60%, depending on the country. Some of the risk factors leading to an HRP are woman´s age, nutritional status (diet), diabetes, autoimmune disorders, hypertension, infectious diseases, history of chronic disease and complications in previous pregnancy, multifetal pregnancies and less than 1-year gestational interval [1-3]. A compromised maternal nutrition can result in an adverse outcome of pregnancy and childbirth [4-7]. A clear relationship between maternal malnutrition and adverse pregnancy outcome has been accepted.

Prevalence of High-Risk Pregnancies and Their Characteristics in Pregnant Women at Sukamulya Community Health Center in 2020

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the important parameters to measure the degree of public health in a country. Pregnant women who have high risk pregnancy risk factors have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than women with low-risk pregnancies. Objective for knowing the prevalence of risky pregnancies and their characteristics in pregnant women at the Sukamulya Public Health Center in 2020. This study uses total sampling method. There were 136 research subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Data is collected by secondary data in the form of medical records. The majority of the subjects were pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies (72.8%) with the risk factors possessed by pregnant women at the Sukamulya Public Health Center from the highest to the lowest, respectively, were comorbidities (52.9%), age (36.8%), BMI (19.1%), history of cesarean (17.6%), blood pressure (16.9%), total parity (8.8%), gestational interval (7.4%), history of habitual abortion (3.7%), number of fetuses (2.9%), and maternal height (1.5%). The majority of pregnant women at the Sukamulya Health Center, Cigugur Village, Kuningan, West Java are pregnant women with high risk pregnancies (72.8%).

A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence and Clinico-social Profile of High Risk Pregnancies in Rural Tamil Nadu, India

Introduction: Around 10-30% of mother during their antenatal period can be classified as high risk and out of these 70-80% accounts to perinatal morbidity or mortality. Special care must be given to women with high risk pregnancies to make sure the best possible outcomes. Early identification and regular followup of high risk pregnancies will reduce the loss of mother as well as newborn. Aim: To identify the prevalence of high risk pregnancies and factors associated with it in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. High risk pregnancies were identified using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and a scoring system developed by Dutta and Das (1990) on a 235 women of more than 20 weeks of pregnancy. The association between high risk pregnancies and socio-demographic variables were analysed. The frequency, percentage and analytical statistics was done using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Total of 235 pregnant mothers who were interviewed for the prevalence of high risk pregnancy was found to be 15.32%, Moderate and high risk pregnancies combined were 42.13% whereas 57.87% were of low risk pregnancy with no known risk factors. Major risk factors identified were anaemia (33.19%), undernutrition (31.06%), previous Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) (13.62%), abortion (8.51%). Early and late age at pregnancy was not associated with moderate to high risk pregnancy. Parity and high socio-economic condition were significantly associated with high risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The present study found that 42.13% pregnancies were moderate to high risk pregnancies. Early detection of these high risk pregnancies must be done at primary healthcare level using a uniform scoring system by a trained health workers, which may reduce the adverse events.

Prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among pregnant women enrolled under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan in government health facilities of district Etawah, Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACTBackground:According to the Sample Registration System report, India has reduced the maternal mortality rate from 130 per 100,000 live births in 2014–2016 to 113 per 100,000 live births in 2016–2018. The main purpose of antenatal care is to identify “high-risk” cases as early as possible from a large group of antenatal mothers and provide them skilled and appropriate care.Objective:To determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) in pregnant females availing services under pradhan mantri surakshit matritva abhiyan (PMSMA) and to assess awareness of pregnant mothers about services provided under PMSMA in district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh.Material and Methods:Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 female beneficiaries who were registered under the PMSMA scheme and delivered their baby at any government health facility during one year of study period.Results:It was observed that from all the antenatal women visiting the community health center for HRP day under the PMSMA scheme, 162 (40.5%) were categorized as HRPs and 238 (59.6%) of them were nonhigh-risk pregnancies. A statistically significant association was observed (P-value = 0.005 at 95% CI) between the difference in the proportion of HRPs and the educational status of the pregnant mothers. Out of 400 beneficiaries, 167 (41.75%) were aware of the PMSMA scheme.Conclusion:Regular antenatal care (ANC) check-ups, early identification of HRP, health education, and timely screening are needed to reduce maternal mortality.

Prevalence of High Risk Pregnancy: in A Tertiary Care Centre of Sagar Division of M.P.

Background: High risk pregnancy is broadly defined as one in which mother, fetus or newborn is or will beat increased risk for morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. According to WHO, globally about 830women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications every day. About 20-30% of all pregnanciesbelong to high-risk category, which is responsible for 70–80% of perinatal mortality and morbidity.Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated highrisk factors among antenatal women in a tertiary care centre of central India.Aims & Objectives: To know the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated high risk factors.Materials and methods: Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional EthicsCommittee. It is a record-based retrospective longitudinal study done among 3898 antenatal women whohave attended/ referred to our tertiary care institute, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, M.P. duringFebruary 2020 to May 2020.High-risk pregnancy was classified based on the guidelines from the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit MatritvaAbhiyan.Results: Among 3898 antenatal case record reviewed. Results of this study show that the prevalence ofhigh-risk pregnancy among study participants was 16.54%.Most of the pregnant women were in age group of 20-35 years that is 94.72%.Most of the pregnant women were multigravida 57.20% by gestation.Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, majority had normal vaginal delivery (60.6%). The mostcommon high risk factors were history of previous cesarean section 31.94 %, Hypertension in Pregnancy22.17% & Abnormal Presentation were 13.95%.Conclusion: The current study found that almost one-sixth (16.54%) of the pregnant women have highriskpregnancy. Hence, early detection of high-risk pregnancy needs to be done to improve the maternal,obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.

EDUKASI PRENATAL ATTACHMENT DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KELEKATAN IBU DAN JANIN PADA IBU HAMIL RISIKO TINGGI

Introduction: The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in Indonesia is still quite high. Mothers who suffer from illness and pregnancy complications can influence the outcome of the pregnancy, which risks the occurrence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The psychological effects of high-risk pregnancies are anxiety, stress, and the mother experiences a crisis that can affect the relationship between mother and fetus. These conditions can continue in the relationship between mother and baby after birth. Therefore there needs to be an effort to increase the attachment of the mother and fetus, one of which can be done by providing education. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal attachment education on maternal and fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women in Paiton Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. Method: The study was conducted in Paiton Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency in Mei-Juni 2019. The research method used was quasy experiment using pre-post test design. The population in this study were all high risk pregnant women in Dringu Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling by determining the sample in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The number of samples to be used was 20 respondents. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon using SPSS. Results and Analysis: The results obtained showed the average score of attachment of the mother and fetus before the intervention was 52.15 and after the intervention was 60.50. There was a significant difference in the attachment of the mother and fetus before and after the intervention with a p value of 0,000 (p <0,000). Discussion: Prenatal care education needs to be included in the prenatal classroom program and started being given to pregnant women since the first trimester.
 
 Keywords: attachment, prenatal attachment, high risk pregnant women

Risk status of pregnant women in rural areas of Belagavi: a cross sectional study

Background: ‘High-risk’ pregnancies account for a significant proportion of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Simple prenatal scoring systems can be used to assess risk status of pregnancy and inform subsequent management. Their use in rural areas and low-resource settings could be of particular benefit. This study employed pregnancy risk status assessment in one such area of rural India. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of low, moderate and high-risk pregnancy among women in a rural area of Belagavi and to identify factors associated with high-risk pregnancy status.Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 105 pregnant women of all trimesters presenting to antenatal clinics in the Kinaye area of Belagavi, Karnataka, during July 2018. Information on risk factors and socio-demographic details were collected using a questionnaire, and individual risk scores calculated through a scoring system. This was used to estimate prevalence of low, moderate and high-risk status among participants, and subsequently compared against selected variables to identify factors associated with high risk pregnancy status.Results: Prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among participants was 31.4%, moderate-risk 30.5%, low-risk 29.5% and ‘no risk’ 8.6%. Maternal undernutrition was an important factor associated with high-risk pregnancy.Conclusions: This study highlights the need for early identification and appropriate management of such cases, in order to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. The prenatal scoring system used in this study offers a simple method for risk status assessment in pregnant women of all trimesters, suited for use in antenatal clinics in rural areas of India.

A longitudinal study on high risk pregnancy and its outcome among antenatal women attending rural primary health centre in Puducherry, South India.

BACKGROUND:Almost 15% of all pregnant women can develop potentially life-threatening complications. As a result, identification of high-risk pregnancy at earliest stage will be useful in directing appropriate intervention. Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence and outcome of high-risk pregnancy among antenatal women in rural Puducherry.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A record-based longitudinal study was done during March 2018 among 569 antenatal women who have attended rural health center of tertiary care institute. High-risk pregnancy was classified based on the guidelines from Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan and outcome assessment based on the obstetric and neonatal outcomes.RESULTS:Among 569 antenatal case record reviewed, 315 (55.3%) were in the age group of 20–25 years and majority (463, 81.4%) belonged to below poverty line families; 410 (74.3%) registered their current pregnancy within the first trimester. The prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among study participants was 18.3% (95% confidence interval: 15.3%–21.7%). Majority (81.9%) had term delivery. Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, majority had spontaneous vaginal delivery (73.9%); about 10.4% gave birth to low-birth weight baby, and only 1.7% had stillbirth. Parity, socioeconomic status, and unfavorable outcomes such as low-birth weight, preterm, and postterm delivery were associated with high-risk pregnancy.CONCLUSION:The current study found that almost one-fifth of the pregnant women in rural area have high-risk pregnancy. Unfavorable obstetric and neonatal outcomes were common among high-risk cases. Hence, early detection of high-risk pregnancy needs to be done at primary health-care level to improve the maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.

Prevalence of high risk among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in rural field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgavi, Karnataka, India

Background: In India about 20-30% pregnancies belong to high risk category, which is responsible for 75% of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection and effective management of high risk pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality. Objective was to study the prevalence of high risk among antenatal women and also to know the socio demographic factors associated with high risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between Jan. to June 2016. A total of 600 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in PHC Kinaye were interviewed using predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Results: In present study, prevalence of high risk pregnancy was 30.7% and 59.8 were having bad obstetric history, 4% were having pregnancy induced hypertension, 5.5% were elderly gravida, 3.2% were Rh negative and 22.3% were having other risk factors. Factors such as education status of pregnant women, age at pregnancy and parity of pregnant women were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of high risk. Conclusions: Prevalence of high risk among pregnant women was found to be 30.7%. Detection of high risk in early stages will help in preventing maternal mortality.

Outcome of pregnancy among high risk pregnancies in rural area of Nagpur, Central India

Background: All pregnant women, by virtue of their pregnancy status, face some level of maternal risk. Some pregnancies are complicated by problems associated with mother’s health. Most maternal morbidities could be prevented if mother had access to appropriate and timely healthcare during pregnancy. Study was intended to find out prevalence of high risk pregnancy and pregnancy outcome among them in rural area of Nagpur district, Central India.Methods: Community based observational descriptive study was conducted on consecutive sample of 214 pregnant women, who had 20 weeks and above gestational period.Results: Prevalence of high risk pregnancy observed was 33.64% (95% CI 27.31%-39.97%). Caesarean section (OR=7.63, 95% CI=4.04-14.40, P=0.0001) and birth weight less than 2500gm (OR= 3.47, 95% CI=1.47-8.20, P=0.003) were significantly associated with high risk pregnancy. Mode of delivery caesarean section had strong relationship with previous history of caesarean section (OR=37.53, 95% CI=8.64-163.05, P=0.0001) and mothers height less than or equal to 140cm (OR=8.87, 95% CI=1.02-77.32, P = 0.0183). Pregnancy outcome low birth weight was significantly associated with oligohyramnios (OR = 8.45, 95 % CI=1.61-44.48, P=0.003) and history of caesarean section (OR=2.67, 95 % CI=1.01-7.07, P = 0.041).Conclusions: Prevalence of high risk pregnancy was almost one-third in pregnant women in rural area of central India. Mode of delivery caesarean section and birth weight less than 2500gm was significantly associated with high risk pregnancy. History of caesarean section and height less than or equal to 140 cm influence the outcome of pregnancy i.e. caesarean section. Birth weight, LBW (Low Birth Weight) was associated with history of caesarean section and oligohyramnios.

Prevalence of High Risk Pregnancy in the Dalit Community of Chandannath Municipality, Jumla

Prevalence of High Risk Pregnancy in the Dalit Community of Chandannath Municipality, Jumla

PREVALENCE OF HIGH RISK PREGNANCY - A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.

30Sep 2016 PREVALENCE OF HIGH RISK PREGNANCY - A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY. Kalaivani.S , Saradhambal. M and Revathy. D Final year B.Sc (N) student, Chettinad College of Nursing, Tamil Nadu, India. Assistant Professor, Chettinad College of Nursing, Tamil Nadu, India.

Correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4–60 months

Background: The future development of children is considered more than ever now due to the advances in medical knowledge and thus the increase in survival rates of high-risk infants.This study investigated the correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4–60 months.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 401 mothers and their children (4–60 months) who visited health service centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2011. Sampling was carried out in several stages, and the Ages and Stage Questionnaire was completed by the participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 software and independent t-test; Mann-Whitney and logistic-regression tests were used.Results: The average age of children in the low-risk pregnancy group was 22±16 months, and that in the high-risk pregnancy group was 18.9±14.8 months. The majority of children were female (53.1%). The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies was 80.5%, and the prevalence of developmental delay was 18.7%. Multiple pregnancies, low birth weight, habitual abortions, maternal medical disorders in pregnancy, and gestational diabetes had significant correlations with developmental delay in children (P<0.04). In the logistic model, male gender, low birth weight, family marriage, and maternal medical disorders during pregnancy showed significant correlations with developmental delay in children (P<0.05). Additionally, abnormal body mass index (BMI) and social and economic status showed probability values close to the significance level (P = 0.05), whereas other high-risk pregnancy variables had no correlation with developmental delay in children. A correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay (P = 0.002) and fine motor delay was observed (P = 0.02), but no correlation was observed between high-risk pregnancy and other developmental domains.Conclusion: This study showed that some high-risk pregnancy variables had a significant correlation with developmental delay. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between high-risk pregnancy and fine motor developmental delay.

A risk assessment for pregnancy using the World Health Organization classifying form in primary health-care facilities in Enugu, Nigeria

We present a cross-sectional survey of the pattern of high-risk pregnancies in randomly selected primary health-care facilities in Enugu, Nigeria, using the World Health Organization's classifying form. None of the 10 maternity homes studied had a standard risk screening tool. The age of the 299 women studied ranged from 16 to 42 years with a mean of 27.8 +/- 6.7 years. Eighty-eight (29.4%) of them were nulliparous, 160 (53.5%) were multiparous and 51 (17.1%) grandmultiparous. One hundred and twenty (40.1%) respondents were in the high-risk category. Rhesus D-negative blood group parturients (42, 35.0%), previous perinatal deaths (29.2%) and multiple pregnancies (9.2%) were the most common risk factors. The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies significantly increased with maternal age and parity and was not influenced by an improved maternal educational attainment. The institution of screening for high-risk pregnancies is vital at the primary health-care level and must be emphasized and must be regularly audited.

Maternity care monitoring: A contrast at two levels of health care delivery in Ibadan, Nigeria

The obstetric performance of women delivering at two hospitals in Ibadan is compared in this study. The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies at the tertiary level hospital (University College Hospital) was higher than that of the secondary level hospital (Oluyoro Catholic Hospital). Consequently, the cesarean section rate of the UCH (21.8%) was higher than that at the OCH (2.3%). Similarly, the maternal mortality (3.5 per 1000) and perinatal mortality (60.2 per 1000) at the UCH were significantly higher than at the OCH, 2.0 per 1000 and 9.8 per 1000, respectively. The need for a national birth survey based on a representative sample of all the different types of health establishments in Nigeria was stressed.