Prevalence Of Herpes Simplex Virus Research Articles

Herpes simplex virus type 1 modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroinfection.

The highly prevalent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a range of diseases, including cold sores, blinding keratitis, and life-threatening encephalitis. HSV-1 initially replicates in epithelial cells, enters the peripheral nervous system via neurites, and establishes lifelong infection in the neuronal cell bodies. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that grow or retract in response to attractive or repulsive cues, respectively. Here, we show that infection with HSV-1, but not with a mutant virus lacking glycoprotein G (gG), reduced the repulsive effect of epithelial cells on neurite outgrowth and facilitated HSV-1 invasion of neurons. HSV-1 gG was required and sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth by modifying the protein composition of extracellular vesicles, increasing the amount of neurotrophic and neuroprotective proteins, including galectin-1. Antibodies directed against galectin-1 neutralized the capacity of extracellular vesicles released from HSV-1-infected cells to promote neurite outgrowth. Our study provides new insights into the neurotropism of HSV-1 and identifies a viral protein that modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to stimulate neurite outgrowth and invasion of the nervous system.IMPORTANCEHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) must infect neurites (or nerve endings) to establish a chronic infection in neurons. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that retract or grow in the presence of repulsive or attractive proteins. Some of these proteins are released by epithelial cells in extracellular vesicles and act upon interaction with their receptor present on neurites. We show here that HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells modulated their effect on neurites, increasing neurite growth. Mechanistically, HSV-1 glycoprotein G (gG) modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles released by epithelial cells, increasing the amount of attractive proteins that enhance neurite outgrowth and facilitate neuronal infection. These results could inform of therapeutic strategies to block HSV-1 induction of neurite outgrowth and, thereby, neuronal infection.

Association Between Herpes Simplex Virus II Infection and Rheumatoid Arthritis in US Adults: A Population-Based Propensity Score-Matching Study.

The potential correlation between herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been definitively established. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between the development of RA and the presence of these viral infections. A case-control study was conducted with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2014. Our analysis examined the association between HSV I, HSV II, HPV oral polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV vaginal PCR, and RA. We identified adults aged 20 to 49 years with a primary diagnosis of RA using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database codes (MCQ191 = 1 [years 2009-2010]; MCQ195 = 2 [years 2011-2014]) and excluded patients with incomplete data on key variables and primary outcomes. The study included 8620 patients, with 150 patients diagnosed with RA and 1500 patients without RA. Patients with RA had a significantly higher prevalence of HSV II infection compared with those without RA (36.34% vs. 24.72%, p = 0.015) after propensity score matching. No significant differences were observed for HSV I, HPV oral PCR, and HPV vaginal PCR between the 2 groups. Patients with RA were older; were more likely to be female, obese, and non-Hispanic White; and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities than those without RA. This population-based propensity score-matching study provides evidence of an association between HSV II infection and RA in US adults. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between viral infections and RA, with the aim of developing effective risk reduction strategies and innovative treatments for RA.

Prevalence of herpes simplex virus and associated risk factors among female students of natural and applied science, Nasarawa state university, Keffi

Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV-2) are one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which are now a significant health concern. This study aim at prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 IgG and IgM and the associated risk factors among female students of Natural and Applied Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Blood samples were collected from 150 female students of Natural and Applied Science. The socio-demographic information of the participants was collected by using a structured questionnaire. The sera samples were screened for IgGand IgM using NADALR HSV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (Bulgarian Company for Biotechnology). The overall prevalence of HSV-2 IgG/IgM was 3.3% and 2.6%. The occurrence HSV-2 IgG in relation to the Age was high among age 26-30 years (100 %) and least among 21-25 years (2.0 %). The occurrence of HSV-2 IgM in relation to the Age was high among age 16-20 years (2.9 %) and least among was 21-25 years (2.0 %). the total prevalence of co-occurrence of HSV-2 IgG/IgM was 1.3%. the prevalence of In relation to knowledge of HSV-2 IgG and IgM in relation knowledge of HSV-2 infection was highest with no knowledge of HSV-2 recorded the IgG 4.5% and 3.4% with IgM. In relation to history of STI participants with history of STI recorded highest in IgG (23.5 %) and IgM (2.7 %). In relation to sharing sanitary facilities participants that share sanitary facilities recorded highest IgG 5.7% and IgM those that don’t share sanitary recorded highest 3.0 %. The prevalence of the HSV-2 infections was high among female students of Natural and Applied Science.

Serological prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus, Syphilis, and H. pylori co-infections amongst HIV-infected individuals receiving care in a secondary healthcare facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Helicobacter pylori is a widespread pathogen that significantly contributes to dyspeptic disease and gastric cancer. There are conflicting prevalence patterns of H. pylori in HIV-1-infected patients. Although the interaction between HIV and H. pylori infection is not well investigated, previous studies have suggested a decreased prevalence of H. pylori and the limited effectiveness of eradication treatment in HIV-positive individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the serological prevalence of HIV/HSV, HIV/Syphilis, and HIV/H. pylori co-infection among HIV-infected individuals receiving care in a secondary healthcare facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In the study, 100 HIV-infected individuals were screened for HSV, syphilis and H. pylori co-infections. Co-infections were 0.0% for HIV/HSV, 0.0% for HIV/Syphilis and 58.0% for HIV/Helicobacter pylori. Higher prevalence of HIV/H. pylori co-infection occurred among the age group <20-40 (59.5%), males (59.5%), unemployed (100.0%), Ahaoda, Eleme and Etche LGAs, and high CD4 counts of 200-349 and >350 cells/µl (58.3%) compared to other categories. This study confirmed the absence of HSV and syphilis among these participants. It further indicated that co-infection of HIV/H. pylori were high (58.0%), although the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. However, the H. pylori co-infection in HIV-infected individuals was associated (P>0.05) with CD4+ cell counts and any socio-demographic variables evaluated. However, more studies are needed on these patients in Rivers State, Nigeria, to evaluate the infection rate further.

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus in Pregnant Women in Ismailia City

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus in Pregnant Women in Ismailia City

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the prevalence of herpes simplex virus.

Previous studies have reported a potential anti-infection effect for vitamin D. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and infection with HSV types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2).Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. The association between 25(OH)D and HSV prevalence was evaluated using propensity score matching (PSM) and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Overall, 14 174 participants were included in the final analysis. Before PSM, 8639 (60.9%) had positive HSV-1 and 2636 (18.6%) had HSV-2. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 positive groups had more females and older individuals (p < 0.05). The HSV-2 patients had lower 25(OH)D levels than those with HSV-1. Age and gender did not differ in the groups after PSM (p > 0.05). The 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the HSV-1 and HSV-2 groups than in the non-HSV infection groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that serum 25(OH)D level was negatively associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.730 and 0.691, p < 0.001, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 (adjusted OR = 2.205 and 2.704, p < 0.001, respectively). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels correlated significantly with increased HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection risk.

Prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 antibodies among individuals screened in a tertiary hospital in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

The epidemiology of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections varies among populations depending on their demographic characteristics and exposure. This study describes the prevalence of HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM antibodies among individuals over a period of 5 years. A retrospective study was conducted to collect data on cases tested for HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies for different medical conditions over five years between January 2014 and December 2018. 620 samples were tested for HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM during the study period. The total HSV seropositivity in the study population was 68% (422/620). The total seropositivity excluding children below 6 months of age was 65.3% (313/479). HSV-IgG seropositivity was significantly higher in married individuals (p<0.001, 95% CI 1.61-3.69). The HSV IgG seropositivity was significantly higher in children under the age of 6 months (N=109, 77.30%) than in children between 7 and 24 months old (27.6%) (Chi-square for linear trend, p<0.001), and it then tends to increase with age more than 24 months (Chi-square for linear trend, p=0.011). Eleven children showed laboratory evidence of recent HSV infection (6.2%) as indicated by HSV IgM antibodies and had diverse clinical conditions. HSV infection is highly prevalent in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Infection is most probably acquired during early childhood, and the tendency increases with age. However, a significant number of mothers are at risk of infection and transferring the infection to their fetuses.

Long-term time trends in reactivated herpes simplex infections and treatment in Sweden

BackgroundOur aim was to describe the annual prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in relation to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and antiviral drug use in the Swedish adult population.MethodsThe study comprised 2879 anti-HSV-1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G positive subjects from five different cohorts who had donated serum from 1988 to 2010. The sera were analyzed for anti-HSV IgM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between the presence of anti-HSV IgM antibodies, the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and the serum sampling year were assessed by logistic regression. Seasonality of anti-HSV IgM was evaluated in a UV radiation model.Data of antiviral drugs for the entire Swedish population were compiled from two different nationwide databases: the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry.ResultsCross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that the prevalence of anti-HSV IgM antibodies declined between 1988 and 2010 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.912, p < .001), while the total annual use of antiviral drugs in Sweden gradually increased from 1984 to 2017. Higher UV radiation was associated with higher prevalence of anti-HSV IgM antibodies (OR = 1.071, p = .043).ConclusionThe declining time trend of HSV reactivation in a Swedish cohort coincides with a steady increase of antiviral drug use in the Swedish general population.

Detection of herpes simplex virus 2: a SYBR-Green-based real-time PCR assay

The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) is increasing at an alarming rate in the world. Most of the HSV2 cases are not diagnosed properly, although a range of molecular and serological diagnoses exist. Herein, we have reported a very rapid detection method specific for HSV2 using real-time PCR. The primers specific for HSV2 were designed using the Primer-BLAST tool and 120 base pairs of the polymerase gene were amplified using real-time PCR with SYBR Green dye. The designed primer pair was found highly efficient in detecting only HSV2 DNA, but not HSV1. The threshold cycle (Ct) value for HSV2 reactions by designed primers was found to be an average of 22.55 for a standard copy number of viral DNA that may denote the efficiency of the primers. The melting temperature (Tm) of the amplicon using designed primers (82.60C) was also higher than that using reference primers (about 780C), indicating the high GC content of the amplified template. The designed primer pair will help clinicians to detect the HSV2 DNA specifically and diagnose the associated disease rapidly.

Seroprevalence and characterisation of herpes simplex virus from human immunodeficiency virus in samples collected from two provinces in South Africa: a retrospective study

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a widely distributed human pathogen that is known for its ulcerative lesions at the infection site. HSV can cause persistent infection in the host that is often followed by a period of latency within the neurons. Considering the high rate of HIV infection in South Africa, it is important to assess the seroprevalence of HSV with a focus to determine the epidemiological association between HSV-DNA and HIV-1 in the population. Methods: A total of 44 sera samples were screened for HSV and HIV-1 using the highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA positive samples were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the positivity of both viruses and to further differentiate HSV into HSV-1 and -2. Thereafter, the samples were analysed for relatedness using phylogenetic analysis. Results: Of the 44 samples, 36 (81.8%) were positive for HIV-1, while 35 (79.5%) were positive for HSV when screened with ELISA kits. The PCR results, with the use of type specific primers, showed that 4/35 (11.4%) samples were specific for HSV-1 while 30/35 (85.7%) were specific for HSV-2. Statistical analysis performed using the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test showed that there is a significant relationship between HSV-2 and HIV-1 transmission. Conclusions: The prevalence of HSV in the population is high with an increased HSV-2 infection in women. Our study shows that some of the HSV-2 isolates are not related to the clinical isolate SD90e from South Africa, suggesting diversity in HSV-2 viral transmission.

Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus 2: a SYBR-Green-based real-time PCR assay.

The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) is increasing at an alarming rate in the world. Most of the HSV2 cases are not diagnosed properly, although a range of molecular and serological diagnoses exist. Herein, we have reported a very rapid detection method specific for HSV2 using real-time PCR. The primers specific for HSV2 were designed using the Primer-BLAST tool and 120 base pairs of the polymerase gene were amplified using real-time PCR with SYBR Green dye. The designed primer pair was found highly efficient in detecting only HSV2 DNA, but not HSV1. The threshold cycle (Ct) value for HSV2 reactions by designed primers was found to be an average of 22.55 for a standard copy number of viral DNA that may denote the efficiency of the primers. The melting temperature (Tm) of the amplicon using designed primers (82.6 0C) was also higher than that using reference primers (about 78 0C), indicating the high GC content of the amplified template. The designed primer pair will help clinicians to detect the HSV2 DNA specifically and diagnose the associated disease rapidly.

Prevalence and clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection among suspected patients of herpes simplex encephalitis in Shiraz, Iran.

Encephalitis has infectious and noninfectious etiology. Among infectious agents, viruses are the main causes of encephalitis; Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known as the most common causative agent of viral encephalitis. In this current cross-sectional investigation, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HSV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) suspected patients and also determining the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of this viral complication. Two hundred consecutive HSE suspected patients with clinical diagnosis of encephalitis were included in the study and then the presence of HSV DNA in their CSF was applied by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. Molecular detection of two hundred (117 males with mean age: 43years, 83 females with mean age: 39years) CSF samples showed that 22 (11.11%) cases were positive for HSV infection. 15(68.18%) of the positive samples were more than 50years old, however, there was no significant correlation between age distribution, gender and HSE clinical manifestations. Fever (91%), headache (72.7%), seizer (59%), and weakness (59%) were the most common symptoms in positive patients and also mortality rate was (18.18%). CSF laboratory abnormalities of HSE cases were as follows; lymphocytic pleocytosis 19 (86.3%), leukocytosis 19 (86.3%), elevated protein level 16 (72.7%), and hypoglycorrhachia 3(13.6%). Screening of HSE suspected patients is crucial in the treatment of patients and reduce the mobility and morbidity of patients. Qualitative PCR as an available method in most developing countries could be a reliable method to monitor consecutive HSE suspected patients.

HSV-infection-related herpetic anogenital ulcer disease among PLWH in southeastern US: electronic medical record based analysis

ObjectivesThe southeastern US is a domestic epicentre for incident HIV with high prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) coinfection. We estimated the incidence rates (IR) of symptomatic herpetic anogenital ulcer...

Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus in oral cavity

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a significant human pathogen. Dental surgeons and Dental Hygienists come across many patients which are not having clinical symptoms but are the carriers of the disease. The person working in the oral cavity is at high risk for getting infected and also the risk of cross-infection in the general population. Aim: In this study, we determine the prevalence of HSV qualitatively and quantitatively in the oral cavity in apparently asymptomatic patients. Study Setting: Institutional and PCR testing Labs. Methods & Materials: The study analyzed saliva samples derived from 220 individuals which were collected with sterile swabs. The traditional PCR method was done for qualitative analysis and real-time PCR for the quantitative analysis. Results: The results of qualitative analysis showed that HSV-2 was more commonly shed than HSV-1 in the oral cavity, while the infected persons showed more genomic copy numbers. Conclusion: The presence of asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2 may be an indicator of future immunosuppression which should be followed up.

Prevalence of herpes simplex virus I, II, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus and human papillomavirus (6, 11, 16 and 18) in normal oral mucosa and OSCC patients in Saint-Petersburg (Russia).

e18539 Background: The objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of DNA of HSV I, II, CMV, EBV, HPV6.11, HPV16, HPV18 in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and determine this association with long-term treatment outcomes and patient survival. Methods: The study included 116 patients with OSCC (stage I-IVB who received standard treatment) and 50 healthy volunteers, median age 60.0 yrs (95% CI 58.0-64.0). Using real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction), freshlyfrozen samples of the tumor and normal mucous membranes of the cavity were analyzed. mouths, which, after collection, were placed in an EDTA solution and frozen at 20°C. Results: In 54 (46.55%) OSCC and 17 (34.00%) normal mucous viral DNA was not found (p = 0.13). The occurrence of DNA (OSCC vs. normal) of the following viruses was the same in both OSCC and normal mucosa: HSV I, II: 2 (1.72%) vs. 2 (4.00%) (p = 0.38); EBV: 40 (34.48%) vs. 15 (30.00%) (p = 0.57); CMV: 5 (4.31%) vs. 2 (4.00%) (p = 0.93); HPV6.11: 16 (13.79%) vs. 6 (15.00%) (p = 0.84); HPV16: 12 (10.34%) vs. 2 (4.00%) (p = 0.18). HPV18 DNA: 20 (17.24%) vs. 24 (48.0%) (p &lt;0.0001) was found significantly less frequently in the OSCC group. In addition, EBV + HPV18: 7 (14.00%) vs. 5 (4.31%) (p = 0.0270) was more common vs. OSCC in the group of healthy volunteers; CMV + HPV18: 2 (4.00%) vs. 0 (p = 0.0302). In the OSCC group, patients with stage III disease were more often virus-positive (p = 0.0137); the pterygo-maxillary fold region (p = 0.0438); with partial keratinization of cells (p = 0.05). PFS in the HPV18 (+) OSCC group was 38.5 months (95% CI 11.00-66.0) and 23.5 m higher than the group of HPV18 (-) patients (HR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.39-1.03; p = 0.0399). In virus-negative patients, PD was more often recorded: 12 (24.00%) vs. 2 (3.03%) (p = 0.0006). In the group of virus-positive patients, OS and PFS, even with non-radical treatment, were significantly higher than virus-negative patients with radical treatment. OS: vir (+)/non-radical = 69.0 mo vs. vir (-)/radical = 15.0 mo (HR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.11-0.47; p &lt;0.0001). PFS: vir (+)/non-radical = 56.0 mo vs. vir (-)/radical = 11.0 mo (HR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.09-0.45; p &lt;0.0001). Conclusions: The association of OSCC with viral DNA, especially HPV18, is a favorable prognosis of the disease and a longer OS and PFS, even when radical treatment is not possible.

Periodontal disease and detection of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of chronic kidney disease patients.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have inability to maintain the normal levels of protein metabolism products, blood pressure and hematocrit. Periodontal disease involves an inflammatory destructive process. Identification of opportunistic viruses is extremely important as they are associated with co-morbidities. The objective of this study was to analyse the presence of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with CKD. One hundred and thirty one individuals were divided depending on the stage of CKD: Group 1 (clearance of creatinine>75mL/min) patients with no renal disease (n=24); Group 2 (clearance of creatinine of 11-75mL/min) patients with renal disease (n=67); Group 3 (clearance of creatinine<10mL/min) patients on hemodialysis (n=40). The parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated. The viral detection was assessed by PCR. considering the three groups, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein-Barr virus 36% in saliva and 39% in GCF; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 11% in GCF; varicella zoster virus 6% in saliva and 3% in GCF; of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) 6% in saliva and 2% in GCF; and HHV-7 44% in saliva and 8% in GCF. Of these patients, 46.48% presented with severe periodontitis. A statistically significant association between HSV-1 and HCMV was found in hemodialysis patients and severe periodontitis was also more frequent among them. These findings show the importance of evaluating the periodontal disease and detecting herpesviruses in patients with CKD as the inflammatory process observed in these clinical conditions may worsen the course of both periodontal disease and CKD.

Guanidine modifications enhance the anti‐herpes simplex virus activity of (E,E)‐4,6‐bis(styryl)‐pyrimidine derivatives in vitro and in vivo

The worldwide prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and shortage of efficient therapeutic strategies to counteract it are global concerns. In terms of treatment, the widely utilized anti-HSV drugs such as acyclovir have serious limitations, for example, drug resistance and side effects. Here, we have identified the guanidine-modified (E,E)-4,6-bis(styryl)-pyrimidine (BS-pyrimidine) derivative compound 5d as an inhibitor of HSV and further elucidated the anti-HSV mechanisms of compound 5d both in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect inhibition assay, plaque assay, and immunofluorescence assay were used to evaluate the anti-HSV effects of compound 5d in vitro. Membrane fusion assays, immunofluorescence assays, Western blotting assays, and pull-down assays were used to explore the anti-HSV mechanisms of compound 5d. HSV-1-infected mice, combined with haematoxylin-eosin staining and quantitative RT-PCR, were used to study the anti-HSV effects of compound 5d in vivo. The guanidine-modified compound 5d rather than the un-modified compound 3a effectively inhibited both HSV-1 and HSV-2 multiplication in different cell lines, more effectively than acyclovir. Compound 5d may block virus binding and post-binding processes such as membrane fusion, by targeting virus gB protein. In addition, compound 5d may also down-regulate the cellular PI3K/Akt signalling pathway to interfere with HSV replication. Treatment with compound 5d also markedly improved survival and decreased viral titres in HSV-infected mice. Thus, the guanidine-modified BS-pyrimidine derivatives have the potential to be developed into novel anti-HSV agents targeting both virus gB protein and cellular PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.

The Prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV and Mycoplasma genitalium in Chlamydia trachomatis positive and Chlamydia trachomatis Negative Urogenital Samples among Young Women in Finland.

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause sexually transmitted infections. In addition, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may be a genital co-pathogen. The prevalence rates of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes were investigated by PCR in urogenital samples of the C. trachomatis nucleic acid amplification test positive (n = 157) and age-, community- and time-matched negative (n = 157) women. The prevalence of HPV DNA was significantly higher among the C. trachomatis positives than the C. trachomatis negatives (66% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HSV (1.9% vs. 0%), HHV-6 (11% vs. 14%), and M. genitalium DNA (4.5% vs. 1.9%) was not significantly different between the C. trachomatis-positive and -negative women. Thirteen per cent of test-of-cure specimens tested positive for C. trachomatis. The prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes did not significantly differ between those who cleared the C. trachomatis infection (n = 105) and those who did not (n = 16). The higher prevalence of HPV DNA among the C. trachomatis positives suggests greater sexual activity and increased risk for sexually transmitted pathogens.

The effect of herpes viruses on antenatal programming of children's health

Objective: to assess the effect of viruses of herpes family in pregnant women on the health of children in the first half of their lives.A clinical and laboratory observation of 33 mother-child pairs was conducted. Of these, 25 women were from the risk group for intrauterine infection and 8 women were with a physiological course of pregnancy. The quantitative content of herpes virus markers was studied by their effect on cholesterol metabolism and symbiotic microbiota was studied by the quantitative content of long chain fatty acids and fatty aldehydes, phospholipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in all women at 34-37 weeks of gestation and their infants.It was revealed that pregnant women of “risk group” increased the quantitative content of herpes virus markers with the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1,2 types and its associations with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).A correlation was found between the degree of increase in markers of HSV, EBV, and CMV with that of the bacterial load of the intestine by conditionally pathogenic representatives and the deficiency of priority genera of the intestinal microbiota in mothers and the same indicators in their children.An increase in the quantitative content of herpes viruses, exceeding the norm by more than 2 times, is interconnected with the pathological course of pregnancy and the violation of the microecological status of pregnant women, which predicts the realization of somatic and infectious pathology in children in the first half of life.

Self-collected versus clinician-collected samples for HSV-2 and HSV-2/HPV screening in HIV-infected and -uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and HSV-2/human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infection by self-collected samples compared to clinician-collected samples in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected and -uninfected women from the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 439 anal and cervical scrapings and cervico-vaginal self-collected samples obtained from 153 eligible HIV-infected and -uninfected women. Real-time PCR for HSV-2 and nested PCR for HPV detection were performed. A multivariate analysis identified risk factors for HSV-2/HPV co-infection. The anogenital prevalence of HSV-2 was 9.2% (14/153), HPV was 67.3% (103/153) and HSV-2/HPV co-infection was 6.5% (10/153). There was a significant overall agreement (95.5%, 11/133, kappa 0.64, 95% CI 0.38–0.90, p &lt; 0.0001) for HSV-2 detection by the self-collected and clinician-collected samples. HSV-2 genital infection was more prevalent than anal infection in all participants. HIV-infected women had a higher prevalence of HSV-2 and HSV-2/HPV. No woman with a cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion had HSV-2/HPV co-infection. Risk factors for HSV-2/HPV were age ≤25 years (aOR = 10.07) and being single (aOR = 3.79). In general, young and single women are at greater risk for HSV-2/HPV infection. Self-collection can be a useful strategy for the screening of HSV-2 and HPV in limited-resource settings.