Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Women Research Articles

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in women diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To further explore the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by determining the prevalence of GDM in women diagnosed with NAFLD antepartum. Electronic databases were searched using specific keywords. Original studies of adult women reporting NAFLD (confirmed on imaging) and GDM (confirmed via oral glucose tolerance test) prevalence were included. Studies involving women with pre-gestational pre-diabetes, type 1/type 2 diabetes, chronic liver disease/cirrhosis unrelated to NAFLD were excluded. The prevalence of GDM occurring in women with NAFLD was calculated along with pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random effects model. Seven studies (total 2299 participants) were included. The prevalence of GDM in women with NAFLD was 26.0% (95% CI 20.9-31.7%, I2=48%, τ2=0.06). The odds of having GDM were 2.9 times higher in pregnant women diagnosed with NAFLD compared with non-NAFLD women, although a high degree of heterogeneity existed (unadjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.4, I2=81%, τ2=0.83, p<0.05). Our study provides further insight into the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women diagnosed with NAFLD. There is a current lack of well-conducted studies examining this complex association between NAFLD and GDM.

Gestational diabetes and progression to type two diabetes mellitus: missed opportunities of follow up and prevention?

BackgroundThe incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing. Having a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a potent risk factor for the later development of T2DM. AimsTo explore the characteristics of women diagnosed with GDM in a single centre and their follow up for progression to T2DM. MethodsA retrospective cohort study using anonymised data of one hundred and fifty four (154) women with GDM receiving maternity care at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (OUHFT) in 2010 and their follow up until 2018. ResultsThe prevalence of GDM in women delivering in Oxfordshire in 2010 was 3.4%. 70% of pregnant women were overweight or obese (with 51% being obese) at booking. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was excessive in 29% of women, when compared to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Almost a quarter of women (23.4%) had no follow up after delivery. Over a median follow up of 3.5 years (range 0-8 years) nearly one in six (16.9%) of the total cohort (22% of those tested) went on to develop T2DM. 74% of women with GDM were multiparous, and 65% of nulliparous women were tested compared to 81% of multiparous women. There was a significant difference between multiparous women (53.8%) compared to nulliparous women (46.2%) developing T2DM (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in BMI (p=0.866) or GWG (p=0.83) in women who progressed to T2DM versus those who did not. ConclusionThe risk of T2DM after GDM is substantial however, follow up rates of this population is poor. Subsequent screening of women with GDM and their management crosses secondary and primary care with scope for improvement in counselling of women of the importance of annual reviews, in data collection and follow up in both obstetrics and general practice. The implementation of a recall system, an education programme for general practitioners and/or a registry of women diagnosed with GDM could be useful to identify those at high risk of developing T2DM as well as providing a platform for the potential development of interventions to prevent progression to T2DM after GDM.

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Triplet Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of higher-order multiple gestations. Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The literature on GDM rates in triplet pregnancies is scarce. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the prevalence of GDM in women with a triplet pregnancy. GDM was defined through an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A meta-analysis of GDM prevalence was also carried out. Results: A cohort of 60 women was included in the analysis. Of these, 19 (31.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes between women with and without GDM. In the meta-analysis of 12 studies, which used a sound GDM definition, an estimated pooled prevalence of 12.4% (95% confidence interval: 6.9–19.1%) was found. In a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, the estimated GDM prevalence ranged from 10.7% to 14.1%. Conclusion: The rate of GDM seems increased in women with triplets compared to singleton pregnancies. However, GDM did not impact short-term pregnancy outcomes.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal mothers attending a tertiary care center in Guntur

Background and Aim: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide and more in developing countries including India. As women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their children are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus in future, special attention should be paid to this population especially in developing countries. Because widely different prevalence rates have been observed in studies in different regions of India, multiple regional studies in different subtypes of populations are needed for quantifying prevalence data. The present study is, therefore, undertaken to study the prevalence of GDM in women attending a tertiary care hospital in Guntur. Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional study among 500 pregnant women. Sample size calculated from previous prevalence studies. In the present study, the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines has been followed for screening of subjects. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is 10.4%. There is no significant variation in prevalence with age or religion. Conclusion: The prevalence is high and early screening is useful in proper control of sugar levels.

Isolated effect of maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus: a birth cohort study in China.

This article aims to understand the isolated effect of maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Based on a birth cohort, pregnant women presented to maternity hospitals for the first antenatal care from Nov 2008 to Oct 2010 were invited to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was asked to complete to collect data on socio-economic variables, previous adverse pregnancy outcomes, method of conception, previous endocrinic and metabolic diseases, and pregnancy-related anxiety in 1st trimester of the index pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy BMI was measured. Serum samples were collected, and TSH, FT4 and TPOAb were assayed. GDM was confirmed from medical records screened on 24-28 gestational weeks by using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The prevalence of isolated subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidemia and positive TPOAb in early pregnancy was 2.0%, 2.0% and 12.8%. Prevalence of GDM in women with the isolated sub-clinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia and positive TPOAb was 2.9%, 2.8% and 3.1%, respectively, which were all higher than that detected in euthyroidism women (1.2%). Women with isolated positive TPOAb had significantly higher TSH and lower FT4 level compared with euthyroidism women. It was found that isolated positive TPOAb in early pregnancy increased the risk of GDM, adjusted RR and 95%CI being 2.541(1.037-6.226). No significant relationships were identified between isolated sub-clinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia with GDM. In conclusion, isolated thyroid autoimmunity, represented by positive TPOAb, in early pregnancy were associated with GDM independent of TSH and FT4.

BMI threshold for gestational diabetes: a survey assessing sensitivity of BMI 30–34 in screening for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

IntroductionMaternal obesity is a recognised risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells' trust protocol originally screened all women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 with...

Gestational diabetes: do lean young caucasian women need to be tested?

The American Diabetes Association has recommended that pregnant women with low-risk factors need not be tested for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GDM in women with low-risk factors and to see if the pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were different from the outcomes of other women with GDM. RESEARCH DESION AND METHODS: Over an 18-month period, all pregnant women were offered a test for GDM using a 75-g glucose tolerance test at the beginning of the 3rd trimester. GDM was diagnosed if the 2-h glucose level was > or =8.0 mmol/l. The prevalence of GDM was determined in women with defined low-risk factors (Caucasian ethnic origin, age <25 years, and BMI <25 kg/m2). The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were compared with those of other women with GDM. From a tested population of 2,907 women, 573 were identified as coming from a low-risk group. The prevalence of GDM in this low-risk group was 2.8%. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were no different from the pregnancy outcomes of other women with GDM, with respect to frequency of insulin use, units of insulin per day, morbidity, emergency caesarian section, and the percentage of both large- and small-for-gestational-age babies. In our population, if low-risk women were excluded, 80% of women would still require testing and nearly 10% of all cases of GDM would be missed. Women from a low-risk group have a 2.8% prevalence rate of GDM. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group are similar to the outcomes of other women with GDM. Concerning the use of the 75-g glucose tolerance test in pregnancy, the recommendation not to test women from a low-risk group requires further evaluation in different populations before it can be endorsed.