Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes Research Articles

Study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats from the Rupandehi district in Nepal

Goats play an important role in the livelihood of the farmer but their frequent encounter with gastrointestinal nematodes causes retarded growth, mortality, and production losses. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between August and November 2023 to determine the prevalence, level of infections, and its association with various risk factors. A total of 350 fecal samples of goats were collected per rectally using the purposive sampling method from the smallholder and commercial farm of Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal. The collected sample was subjected to floatation and the McMaster technique for qualitative and quantitative examination with saturated NaCl solution. Data was entered in MS Excel 2013 and analysis was performed in SPSS version 25. Out of 350 samples, 242 (69.14%) were found to be positive for gastrointestinal nematodes among which the Strongyle group (60%) including Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Bunostomum spp.), Strongyloides sp. (38.57%), and Trichuris spp. (11.14%). The EPG of the total positive sample was 1352 (192.610). Statistically, there was a significant association among the smallholder vs commercial for prevalence rates (p = 0.000242) rates and EPG (p = 0.003). The statistical difference was also observed based on deworming status for the prevalence of nematodes and EPG count (p = 0.016). The practice of good housing, grazing and pasture management, feeding of supplements, and deworming at a regular interval must be maintained to promote growth, minimize mortality & production losses, and maximize the returns from animals.

Prevalence and molecular identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) have seriously affected the production and earnings of animal husbandry in various countries, while some species of GINs infect humans. At present, little is known about the species and prevalence of GINs in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this study, 528 fresh faecal samples were collected from typical areas in different altitudes with seven species of livestock in Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and Yunnan Provinces. ITS-2 rRNA gene of nematodes was employed to detect by PCR and sequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of related sequences was performed using MEGA 6.0 software. The overall prevalence of GINs was 80.3% with 20 species of GINs detected, while Teladorsagia circumcincta was the dominant one, and four of which were zoonotic species such as Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Oesophagostomum stephanostomum. The study provided panoptic information on the prevalence and species diversity of GINs in QTP area, which is useful and valuable for reference of measure formulation in livestock husbandry and public health concerns. The parasites of T. circumcincta, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Strongylus edentatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Telephlebia brevicauda, Cyathostomum catinatum, Mecistocirrus digitatus, Cooperia punctata, Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus, Nematodirus oiratianus and Oesophagostomum asperum were firstly reported the presence in QTP area. The study also showed that horse could be infected by T. circumcincta, goat could be infected by C. nassatus, cattle could be infected by S. edentatus and C. bicoronatus,and O. stephanostomum could infect yak, cattle and Mongolian sheep in worldwide. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed, such as microscopic examination, to accurately determine the species in the region.

Study on gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections of donkey in and around shone town, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

One of the most common factors limiting donkey health and productivity is infection with gastrointestinal nematode parasites. From December 2021 to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Shone town, Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia, to estimate the prevalence of donkey GIT nematode parasite infection and to assess its associated risk factors. For the coprological examination, 384 simple randomly selected donkeys were sampled from four peasant associations. To identify parasitic eggs in feces, the standard flotation technique was used. In the donkeys examined, the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 75.26% Strongyles (48.17%), Parascaris equorum (11.45%), Strongyloides (5.99%), and mixed infection (Strongyles + Parascaris (9.11%) and Strongyles + Strongyloides (0.52%)) were the most commonly encountered nematodes. There was also a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of donkey gastrointestinal parasites by sex, body condition, and management system (p < 0.05). Donkeys with semi-intensified (OR = 8.99) and poor body condition (OR = 6.48) were at an increased risk of infection compared to intensive management and good body condition. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that gastrointestinal nematodes are the major health challenges for donkeys in the study area. As a result, strategic regular deworming, improved housing, and feeding management were recommended to improve the health and productivity of donkeys in the study area.

Growth performance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Xhosa goats raised in grassland and forestland vegetation types

Growth performance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Xhosa goats raised in grassland and forestland vegetation types

The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review

Livestock plays an important role in the national economy and has a significant share in the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Parasitic diseases and worm infestations negatively affect their health, production, and reproductive performance. In addition, parasitic infestation in livestock reduces gross production values and renders huge economic losses globally. Among the parasites, the most important are nematodes. They are distributed worldwide and affect all kinds of livestock. This review aimed to elaborate on the main gastrointestinal nematodes, their mode of action, impacts on livestock and their control (physical, chemical or biological) strategies. Common examples of nematode worms infesting the livestock are Ascaris, Hemonchus, Strongyloids, Trichostrongyliods, Ostertagia, Trichuris, Dictyocaulus, Trichnellia, Enterobius, Cooperia, Gunagylonema, Chabertia, and Oesphagostomum. The gastrointestinal nematodes are detrimental to the animals’ health. Nematodes primarily affect animals’ feed consumption and efficiency, and severe ailments result in the death of the affected animals. The production and health losses primarily depend on the age of the animals, the degree of severity of worm infestation, epidemiology pattern of the parasites, management strategies of the flocks, and ecoclimatic conditions which are favorable for the worm’s infestation. To minimize these issues, farmers should be educated on the importance of intensive livestock management and environmental sanitation, as well as strategic deworming of cattle using efficient broad-spectrum anthelmintics, biological control of the parasites, and breaking their life cycle and intermediate hosts.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes (Capillaria spp.) in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) in Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes (Capillaria spp.) in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) in Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Cestodes, and Protozoans of Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda.

Goat farming significantly contributes to the efficient use of land and socioeconomic development in developed and developing countries. During the fiscal year 2017-2018, goats made up 13.5% of the total live livestock exported by Rwanda. Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) can negatively impact goat production, especially in developing countries like Rwanda. This study aimed to determine the impact of the goat' age and location (administrative cell) on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes, and protozoans (GiNCPs) of goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. In this cross-sectional study, 149 faecal samples were collected from apparently unwell goats and analyzed using the simple flotation technique. Strongyle-type nematodes (STNs) infections were graded using the McMaster method. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were calculated to assess the impact of the goat' age and location on the prevalence of GiNCPs in the study area. All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The identified types of parasites were STNs (96.0%), Coccidia (83.2%), Moniezia spp (14.8%), Strongyloides papillosus (12.8%), Nematodirus spp (0.7%) and Trichuris ovis (0.7%). Nearly 85.9% (128/149) of the goats were coinfected with 2 to 4 types of parasites and the coinfection of STNs and coccidia preponderated at 58.4%. The location (administrative cell) of the goats correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis (p<0.05). The goat's age category was also associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis (p<0.05). All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The location (administrative cell) of the goat also correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis. In addition, the goat's age category was associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis. These findings show that any control program for caprine gastrointestinal parasitoses in the study area should focus on STNs and Coccidia.

Metagenomic Studies for the Detection of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei, Ostertagia leptospicularis and Eimeria ahsata in Northern Cyprus Sheep for the First Time

Background: Gastrointestinal parasitism is considered one of the major health problems of ruminants in developing and undeveloped countries in the world. Despite the universal knowledge of these parasites, little is known about their prevalence and distribution in Northern Cyprus. This study is aimed at the microscopic and metagenomic study of gastrointestinal parasites across Cyprus sheep farms. Methods: A total of 200 sheep faecal samples were randomly collected across sheep farms in suburban regions of Northern Cyprus during 2021-22. Samples were analyzed using the centrifugal floatation technique. Data were subjected to chi-square test analysis on SPSS to determine the relationship between age, sex of animals and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes. Samples were randomly selected to extract DNA and subjected to metagenomic analysis after which DNA has been extracted from the samples. Result: Our investigations in the Northern Cyprus sheep farms allowed us to identify three species of gastrointestinal parasites namely Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei, Ostertagia leptospicularis and Eimeria ahsata which are new to this region. The GINs recovered are Haemonchus, Moniezia and Toxocara among others. A high prevalence (85%) of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded. Results showed a considerable significant relationship (P less than 0.05) between the age of animals and parasite prevalence.

Ecology of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylid parasites of sheep

The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) is dictated by environmental conditions which influence the survival, development, and migration rates of the free-living stages. While the faecal pellet is the most important micro-environment for GINs, limited data on the impact of temperature and faecal water content (FWC) on their survival, development, and migration limits accurate prediction of nematode pasture infectivity. This study investigated the impact of temperature and FWC on the dynamics of the free-living stages of T. vitrinus, T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta by incubating faecal samples from sheep harbouring mono-specific infection of the GINs in temperature-controlled incubators at constant temperatures ranging from 0° to 40°C and nominal target FWCs ranging from 0% to 80% for 8 days. The different life cycle stages (eggs, pre-infective larvae, intra-pellet infective larvae and extra-pellet infective larvae) were enumerated each day using a modified McMaster technique. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of environmental effects on the recovery of each life cycle stage. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the life cycle stage tallies between species. Survival and development of each life cycle stage were elucidated by fitting the obtained experimental data to an existing mathematical model which described the dynamics of the free-living stages of the GIN lifecycle. Development of eggs to infective larvae were only observed at target temperatures of 20 and 30ºC (and some development at 40 °C for T. colubriformis). This study predicted development of a minimum of 1% of eggs to intra-pellet infective larvae at temperature ranges of 9–39, 10–39 and 10–38ºC with optimum development occurring at 23, 23 and 20ºC for T. vitrinus, T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis, respectively. Development of eggs to intra-pellet infective larvae was observed at nominal FWC targets of 20% and above where increasing FWC up to 60% resulted in increased tallies of intra-pellet infective larvae. The model predicted that development of eggs to intra-pellet infective larvae required a minimum FWC of 13%, 16% and 17% for T. circumcincta, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus respectively with higher FWC requirements for migration out of the faecal pellets. Development of T. circumcincta eggs to infective larvae was slower than the other species with only 33% of the T. circumcincta eggs predicted to develop to infective larvae at its optimum temperature and FWC as compared to 47% for T. vitrinus and 56% for T. colubriformis.

Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, with a Special Reference to Field Survey on Parasite Management and Risk Factor Analysis

Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major constraint for small ruminant production. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the districts of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia on 415 small ruminants (248 sheep and 167 goats) selected using simple random sampling technique from this region to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) and potential risk factors. Coprological examination using floatation, McMaster egg counting and larviculture were employed. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode was 68.92%. Different nematode types including strongyles (54.94%), Strongyloides papillosus. (2.65%) and Trichuris sp. (1.93%) were identified based on egg morphology with overall mean faecal egg count of 307.66 ± 38.02. Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Teladorsagia and Chabertia were identified from pooled culture. The study revealed female animals were 1.99 times (OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.16-3.41) more likely to be affected by GIN infection than males. Animals with poor (OR=2.92, 95%CI=1.32-6.45) and medium (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.13-3.34) body condition were 2.92 and 1.94 times more likely to be affected by GINs than those with good body condition. Pregnant animals were 6.57 times (OR=6.57, 95%CI=1.49-28.89) more likely to have GINs than non-pregnant animals. Infection in young animals was 1.8 times higher (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.05-4.2) than adults. Appropriate prevention and control methods have to be undertaken to overcome the existing problem and further study is needed to assess seasonal dynamics of the GINs.

Canine Gastrointestinal Nematodiases and Associated Risk Factors in Kigali City, Rwanda.

Canine nematodes pose a public health risk to humans and livestock; however, the prevalence of canine nematodiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of canine nematodiases and identifying the risk factors for such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs, and nematode eggs were identified and quantified using the McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine nematodiases were analysed by a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodiases in dogs was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3% (95% CI: 22.8–41.8). Nearly 38.7% and 3.2% of the dogs infected with Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara canis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥550), respectively. Approximately 96.8% of dogs infected with nematodes had monoinfection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age (1 to 2.5 years old), location (Gasabo and Kicukiro districts), and feeding practices were significantly associated with prevalence of canine nematodiases. In particular, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was more than 5 times higher for dogs fed on uncooked animal products and leftovers from households and restaurants compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The AOR was also about 16 times higher for dogs that scavenged and ate leftovers from households compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of GI nematodes in domestic dogs in Kigali city, Rwanda, was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The identified nematodes, namely, Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara canis, are zoonotic, and dogs and humans are at risk of contracting these nematodes. The factors associated with canine GI nematodes in Kigali city include feeding practices and the dog's age and location (district). Dog owners need to rethink procedures for deworming and feeding their dogs. Again, the public should be made aware of the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic nematodes to humans.

Prevalence and degree of gastrointestinal nematode infection of horses (Equus caballus) used as public transport in Mataram city, Indonesia

Horses of Equus caballus species which are used as public transportation in the form of Cidomo (traditional horse cart) in Mataram City need to be considered about their welfare and health. A common problem in horses is gastrointestinal nematode worms that can induce negative health effects on horses. Furthermore, the infective larvae of nematodes can survive in the environment under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and degree of infection of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses used as public transportation (Cidomo) in Mataram City. The cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2020 to collect feces of Cidomo horses at 8 traditional markets in Mataram City. A total of 131 feces of horses as Cidomo were taken directly from the rectum of Cidomo horses by the purposive method. The Morphology, prevalence of nematode egg, and Egg per gram (EPG) for a degree of infection were used examined using the floating McMaster technique. Morphological data and the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses (Equus caballus) as Cidomo were presented descriptively, and the EPG value was analyzed by the Anova test, while the degree of infection has been categorized as low, medium, and high levels. The eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichosstrongylus spp, Strongylus spp, and Capillaria spp) have been found in feces of horses as Cidomo at 8 traditional markets in Mataram City with a prevalence of 74.04% (97/131). The EPG value of the gastrointestinal nematode of feces of horses as Cidomo between 8 traditional markets in Mataram City showed no significant difference with p > 0.05 (p-value = 0.227). Overall the degree of infection of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses (Equus caballus) as Cidomo in Mataram City was a medium level with a mean value of EPG = 547.628 ± 82.059 The results showed that the gastrointestinal nematodes have been infected horses as Cidomo in 8 traditional markets in Mataram City with a medium level of infection degree.

Prevalence and seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Kashmir, India.

Objective:The current study was undertaken to evaluate the seasonal dependency and prevalence of gastrointestinal roundworms (nematodes) infecting domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Kashmir.Materials and Methods:From August 2017 through July 2019, the investigation was undertaken during each of the four seasons. We tested 400 guts obtained from varied places around the Kashmir valley for nematode infestation. The nematodes found within the digestive tract were collected and identified using a variety of identification keys under the microscope. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the data (version 20). Chi-square (χ2) test was carried out to analyze the sample data.Results:196 hosts were infected with various nematodes, indicating an overall prevalence of 49% (196/400). The findings revealed that the prevalence of Ascaridia galli was 32.97% (61/185) in the first year and 35.34% (76/215) in the second year. Heterakis gallinarum had a prevalence rate of 20.80% (38/185) in the first year and 24.18% (52/215) in the second year, whereas Capillaria spp. had a prevalence rate of 10.81% (20/185) in the first year and 12.55% (27/215) in the second year. The overall prevalence of A. galli was determined to be 34.25% in both years (August 2017–July 2019), with a mean intensity of 4.86. Summer months had the highest parasitic load. Heterakis gallinarum had a prevalence rate of 22.5% and a mean intensity of 26.83. Summer was shown to have the most considerable parasitic burden. Capillaria spp. had an overall prevalence of 11.75% and a mean intensity of 4.59; autumn had the highest parasite load. The most abundant species was identified as A. galli. It was shown that there is a significant (p < 0.01) link between seasonality and helminth parasite prevalence.Conclusion:The study’s findings indicate that these gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous throughout the year, but are particularly abundant in the summer and fall seasons among domestic poultry in the study area. This study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Gallus gallus domesticus demonstrates the seasonality of infection rates and also offers various methods and techniques for framing effective strategies for controlling these helminthes to maximize profit from backyard chicken farming.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep (Ovisaries) in the central and south-eastern regions of Ukraine

The article investigates into the species composition of agents causing gastrointestinal tract nematodes in sheep. It determines the forms of nematodes communities. For this purpose, 710 sheep were examined, 79.58% of which were infected. The fauna of nematodes was represented by 15 species of helminths from 12 genera: Bunostomum, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, Chabertia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Тrichuris, Aonchotheca, Strongyloides, and Skrjabinema. The indicators of infestation intensity in sheep ranged from 1 to 93 specimens per animal, and the abundance index ranged from 0.01 to 16.96 specimens per animal. The most common nematodes are H. contortus (prevalence, 61.97%), O. circumcincta (59.58%), T. colubriformis (57.35%), Т. оvis (55.21%), N. spathiger (49.01%), Oe. venulosum (42.54%), S. ovis (41.13%), Ch. оvina (36.76%), and T. skrjabini (26.34%). Gastrointestinal nematodes in the body of 99.12% of the infected sheep proceeded as parasitic communities. Most frequently, coinvasions were represented by parasitic communities which consisted of five (prevalence, 14.51%), six (19.44%), or seven (15.92%) species. The study revealed 361 varieties of mixed coinvasions. The most frequent comembers were H. contortus, O. circumcincta, T. colubriformis, Т. оvis, N. spathiger, S. ovis, and Ch. оvina. The data obtained provide an opportunity to increase the effectiveness of measures to combat and prevent gastrointestinal tract nematodes in sheep farms.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, parasite control practices and anthelmintic resistance patterns in a working horse population in Egypt.

Anthelmintic resistance is commonly reported in horse populations in developed countries, but evidence in some working horse populations is either lacking or inconclusive. To estimate prevalence of GI nematode infections in working horses in Egypt and to evaluate strongyle resistance to ivermectin, doramectin and fenbendazole. Cross-sectional study. Faecal egg count was performed on 644 working horses from 2 provinces in Egypt. A short questionnaire about horse signalment and worming history was completed for each horse. Horses identified with ≥50 strongyle type egg/g (n=146) underwent faecal egg count reduction testing (FECRT) following treatment with ivermectin (n=33), doramectin (n=33) or fenbendazole (n=30). Risk factors for strongyle (≥200 egg/g) and Parascaris equorum (>0 egg/g) infection were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of low (0-199 epg), medium (200-500 epg) and high (>500 epg) strongyle infection was 88.4%, 5.9% and 5.8%, respectively. P. equorum eggs were detected in 5.1% (n=33) of horses. Strongyle FECR was 100%, 99.97% and 100% following treatment with ivermectin, doramectin and fenbendazole respectively. Anthelmintic treatment in the 12months preceding examination was associated with reduced likelihood of strongyle infection (odds ratio [OR]=0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.14, 0.47, P<.001). The likelihood of P. equorum infection was significantly associated with horses' age (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.69, 0.90; P<.001). Male horses were more likely to have P. equorum infection (OR=2.86, 95% CI=1.37, 5.93, P=.005). Nonrandomised selection of study areas and larval cultures was unsuccessful for some samples. There were low prevalence of strongyle and P. equorum infection and no evidence of macrocyclic lactones or benzimidazole resistance in strongyles in the studied working horse population.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Associated Intrinsic Risk Factors in and Around District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Associated Intrinsic Risk Factors in and Around District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh

The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigeon (columba livia) at Rajshahi division from 01-01-2016 to 15-12-2016 and to evaluate the comparative efficacy piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. Total 3 different species of parasites were recorded in this study and those were Ascaridia columbae, Capillilaria obsignata, Raillietina tetragona. Out of 263 pigeon, 109 pigeon having ascarid and capillaria positive were treatment with piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. The pigeon were treated with recommended (10g mixed in 6 litre drinking water for 100 pigeon) dose of Ascarex® and recommended (1gm mixed in 1 litre drinking water) dose of Avinex® orally, respectively. The recovery rate of ascariasis at 7th days was 50.9% and capillariasis was 51.85%. After 21th days the recovery rate of ascariasis was 72.72% and capillariasis was 66.66%. The efficacy of drugs is more in case of young (77.27% at 7th days and 87.36% at 21th days) than adult (44.82% at 7th days and 65.51% at 21th days).In exotic breeds efficacy is good (60.41% at 7th days and 85.41% at 21th days) than indigenous breeds (44.26% at 7th days and 66.65% at 21th days). The recovery rate is more in traditional (65.3% at 7th days and 78.33% at 21th days) than commercial farming system (42.85% at 7th days and 58.33% at 21th days).&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 323-328, August 2019

Prevalence and risk factors associated with swine gastrointestinal nematodes and coccidia in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.

In northeastern Brazil, with has a predominantly dry climate, farmers seek alternative sources of income and livelihood by the rearing pigs. The gastrointestinal parasites that affect these animals represent an obstacle in the production and can cause significant economic loss. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal nematodes and Coccidia in swine herds in the Sousa microregion, Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study, and the sampling was designed to determine the prevalence of endoparasite-positive farms and pigs. We randomly selected 51 farms and 187 pigs. Fecal samples were collected from each animal, and eggs per gram and oocysts per gram feces were recorded. The data collected in the epidemiological questionnaires were used to determine the possible risk factors associated with endoparasite-positive animal status. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Coccidia in the pigs was 79.5% (149/187). Coccidia were the most prevalent parasite found, with 56.6% (106/187) of the pigs testing positive, followed by nematodes 22.9% (43/187). Strongylidae was the most common nematodes found (67.5%, 29/43), followed by Trichuris sp. (30.2%, 13/43) and Ascaris sp. (2.3%, 1/43). In 29 coprocultures, Strongylidae was identified: Oesophagostomum (82.2%, 25/29), Strongyloides (62.0%, 18/29), and Hyostrongylus (27.5%, 8/29). Mixed nematode and coccidial infection were observed in 72.4% (21/29) of the samples. Relevant risk factors were related to the type of management adopted by family farmers. Changes in management measures could improve the health profile of farms.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep at Yabello Town, Borena, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep at Yabello Town, Borena, Ethiopia

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of alpacas in Australia: II. A longitudinal study.

We conducted a longitudinal survey on 13 alpaca farms in four climatic zones of Australia to understand the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of alpacas. A total of 1688 fresh faecal samples were collected from both sexes of alpacas from May 2015 to April 2016 and processed for faecal egg counts (FEC) and molecular identification of eggs using the multiplexed-tandem PCR assay. Based on egg morphology, the overall prevalence of GINs was 61% while that for strongyles was 53%. The overall mean FEC was 168 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces, with the highest count of 15,540 EPG. Weaners had the highest prevalence (73%) and mean FEC (295 EPG) of GINs followed by tuis, crias and adults. Alpacas in the winter rainfall zone had the highest prevalence (68%) as well as FEC (266 EPG) followed by Mediterranean-type, non-seasonal and summer rainfall zones. Trichostrongylus spp. (83%, 89/107), Haemonchus spp. (71%, 76/107) and Camelostrongylus mentulatus (63%, 67/107) were the three most common GINs of alpacas across all climatic zones. The mixed-effects zero-inflated negative binomial regression model used in this study showed that it could help to design parasite control interventions targeted at both the herd level and the individual alpaca level. The findings of this study showed that the epidemiology of GINs of alpacas is very similar to those of cattle and sheep, and careful attention should be paid when designing control strategies for domestic ruminants co-grazing with alpacas.