Prevalence Of Excessive Weight Gain Research Articles

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents living with HIV after dolutegravir - based antiretroviral therapy start in Kampala, Uganda.

Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is currently the preferred first-line treatment for persons living with HIV (PLHIV) including children and adolescents in many low- and middle-income countries including Uganda. However, there are concerns about excessive weight gain associated with DTG especially in adults. There remains paucity of current information on weight-related outcomes among adolescents on DTG. We determined the prevalence of excessive weight gain and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) receiving DTG-based ART in Kampala, Uganda. Cross-sectional study involving ALHIV aged 10-19 years on DTG-based ART for at least one year were recruited from public health facilities in Kampala between February and May 2022. Excessive weight gain was defined as becoming overweight or obese per body mass index (BMI) norms while on DTG-based ART for at least one year. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and data extracted from medical records. At enrolment, blood pressure and anthropometry were measured and blood was drawn for blood glucose and lipid profile. Data was summarised using descriptive statistics and logistic regression was performed to determine the associated factors. We enrolled 165 ALHIV with a median age of 14 years (IQR 12-16). Eighty (48.5%) were female. The median duration on ART and DTG was 8 years (IQR 7-11) and 2 years (IQR 1-3) respectively. At DTG initiation, the majority of participants (152/165, 92.1%) were ART-experienced, and had normal BMI (160/165, 97%). Overall, 12/165 (7.3%) adolescents (95% CI: 4.2-12.4) had excessive weight gain. No factors were significantly associated with excessive weight gain after DTG start in ALHIV. However, all ALHIV with excessive weight gain were females. Our study found a prevalence of 7.3% of overweight and obesity in ALHIV after initiating DTG. We did not find any factor significantly associated with excessive weight gain in ALHIV on DTG. Nonetheless, we recommend ongoing routine monitoring of anthropometry and metabolic markers in ALHIV as DTG use increases globally, to determine the exact magnitude of excessive weight gain and to identify those at risk of becoming overweight or obese while taking the medication.

Risk factors for inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain in 25 low- and middle-income countries: An individual-level participant meta-analysis.

Many women experience suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but our understanding of risk factors associated with GWG in these settings is limited. We investigated the relationships between demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical factors and GWG in prospectively collected data from LMICs. We conducted an individual participant-level meta-analysis of risk factors for GWG outcomes among 138,286 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies in 55 studies (27 randomized controlled trials and 28 prospective cohorts from 25 LMICs). Data sources were identified through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science searches for articles published from January 2000 to March 2019. Titles and abstracts of articles identified in all databases were independently screened by 2 team members according to the following eligibility criteria: following inclusion criteria: (1) GWG data collection took place in an LMIC; (2) the study was a prospective cohort or randomized trial; (3) study participants were pregnant; and (4) the study was not conducted exclusively among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women or women with other health conditions that could limit the generalizability of the results. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) body mass index (BMI)-specific guidelines were used to determine the adequacy of GWG, which we calculated as the ratio of the total observed weight gain over the mean recommended weight gain. Study outcomes included severely inadequate GWG (percent adequacy of GWG <70), inadequate GWG (percent adequacy of GWG <90, inclusive of severely inadequate), and excessive GWG (percent adequacy of GWG >125). Multivariable estimates from each study were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Study-specific regression models for each risk factor included all other demographic risk factors measured in a particular study as potential confounders, as well as BMI, maternal height, pre-pregnancy smoking, and chronic hypertension. Risk factors occurring during pregnancy were further adjusted for receipt of study intervention (if any) and 3-month calendar period. The INTERGROWTH-21st standard was used to define high and low GWG among normal weight women in a sensitivity analysis. The prevalence of inadequate GWG was 54%, while the prevalence of excessive weight gain was 22%. In multivariable models, factors that were associated with a higher risk of inadequate GWG included short maternal stature (<145 cm), tobacco smoking, and HIV infection. A mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of ≥28.1 cm was associated with the largest increase in risk for excessive GWG (risk ratio (RR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.86, 3.19]). The estimated pooled difference in absolute risk between those with MUAC of ≥28.1 cm compared to those with a MUAC of 24 to 28.09 cm was 5.8% (95% CI 3.1% to 8.4%). Higher levels of education and age <20 years were also associated with an increased risk of excessive GWG. Results using the INTERGROWTH-21st standard among normal weight women were similar but attenuated compared to the results using the IOM guidelines among normal weight women. Limitations of the study's methodology include differences in the availability of risk factors and potential confounders measured in each individual dataset; not all risk factors or potential confounders of interest were available across datasets and data on potential confounders collected across studies. Inadequate GWG is a significant public health concern in LMICs. We identified diverse nutritional, behavioral, and clinical risk factors for inadequate GWG, highlighting the need for integrated approaches to optimizing GWG in LMICs. The prevalence of excessive GWG suggests that attention to the emerging burden of excessive GWG in LMICs is also warranted.

Body Mass Index Categories Among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers / Baghdad 2022

Background: Recommended weight gain to support a healthy pregnancy vary by prepregnant body mass index. Insufficient weight gain especially associated with prepregnant underweight is associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, small for gestational age. Extensive weight gain often results in large for gestational age babies also may increase risk during delivery. Good nutrition and a healthy diet during pregnancy are critical for a mother’s health, as well as that of her child. A healthy diet contains adequate energy, protein, vitamins and mineral obtained from a variety of foods including green and orange vegetables, meat, fish, beans, nuts, whole grains, and fruit. Many studies have suggested that weight gain during pregnancy is affected by prepregnancy BMI. This study is conducted to determine maternal weight gain, pattern and associated of some selected socio-demographic factors. Method: A cross-sectional analytic study wholly done from July 4th to December 20th; the sample size was 114 pregnant antenatal care files archived selected from primary health care centers. It searched for the full previous pregnancy files and with frequent visits from the beginning of pregnancy to birth. The data and information were collected from antenatal care files from six primary health care centers of As-Salam, AL-A’dil, AL-Mansour, AL-A’dhamiya 3rd, AL-Baladiyaat, AL-Mustansiriya. The exclusion criteria exclude all incomplete files, pregnant women less than 18 years, and pregnant with chronic disease multiple pregnancy. Frequencies and percentage were calculated; Chi square test were used; and the statistical probability were consider significant if P value &lt; 0.05. Results: The current study was conducted through 114 pregnant care files or antenatal care in 6 primary health care centers. 73% of them gained excessive weight during pregnancy; 11% of them gained insufficient weight gain during pregnancy; and 17% of pregnant women had adequate weight gain during pregnancy. There was a statistically significant association between weight gain during pregnancy and primary health care centers, as representing social factor, and also significant association between pre pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain. Conclusion: Gestational weight gain was significantly affected by pre pregnancy body mass index. Prevalence of excessive weight gain increases with the increase of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and with the increase of age in pregnant women. Weight gain during pregnancy should be monitored and intervention should be developed.

Physical activity, lifestyle, sociocultural factors and prevalence of excess weight gain among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study.

Most women experienced postmenopausal symptoms during the menopause transition, and they are a common reason for seeking medical attention and lifestyle modification during this phase of life. This study assessed the physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural levels-associated prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) among postmenopausal women (PW) in Bono-East (Techiman) region, Ghana. This is cross-sectional study. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana over 5 months. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic data, physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural associated prevalence of excess weight. Anthropometric indices including ((body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) were assessed. A total of 393 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60.09 ± 6.24 years participated in the study. When reporting prevalence, obesity, and overweight were distinguished. Using the anthropometric parameters (BMI, WHtR, and WHR) as measured for being overweight, the prevalent rates were 35.7%, 21.7%, and 9.0% respectively. Also, when using obesity, the prevalent rate was 37.8%, 70.1%, and 82.0% using BMI, WHtR, and WHR, respectively. Over 55 (55.2%) of the study participants engaged in moderate physical activities, 23.1% were low and 21.7% with high physical activities. Housewives and unemployed participants are shown to have a higher risk of gaining weight (obese) especially when assessed with WHR and WHtR. Most participants responded that cultural beliefs prevent them from losing weight. Most participants had a poor attitude toward their eating habits. According to the findings, postmenopausal Ghanaian women showed a high level of obesity and a moderate level of being overweight. The cultural perception of beauty influences Ghanaian postmenopausal women's physical activity level and dietary habits.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and weight gain during pregnancy: NISAMI Cohort study

Few studies have investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Thus, we analyzed the association between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 and ω-3) and weight gain in women during pregnancy. This is a cohort study of 250 pregnant women enrolled in municipal pre-natal services. Weight, height, and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids were evaluated at the baseline. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to assess the main exposure. Gestational weight was measured in the first, second, and third trimesters. A dietary pattern involving the consumption of fatty acids was identified through factor analysis. A generalized estimating equation was used for the data analysis. The prevalence of excessive weight gain at the end of pregnancy was 35.2%. Consumption patterns 1 (salted meats, offal, vegetable oil, snacks, legumes, and oleaginous foods) and 2 (red meat, sausages, butter, margarine, mayonnaise, acarajé, caruru, vatapá, and refined cereals) revealed a risk for the accumulation of excess weight during pregnancy. Women who adhered to consumption patterns 1 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44-3.94) and 2 (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.44-3.94) were more susceptible to excess weight gain during pregnancy. Women who adhered to dietary patterns involving foods that are sources of ω-6 fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were more susceptible to gaining weight during pregnancy compared to those who adhered less to these patterns.

Fatores associados ao ganho de peso na gestação e seus desfechos

A obesidade tem aumentado drasticamente nos últimos anos, tornando-se um grave problema de saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou analisar o ganho de peso durante a gestação, os fatores associados e seus desfechos. Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado com mulheres em pós-parto mediato, em uma maternidade de referência do município de Maringá-PR, no período de 1 a 30 de março de 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio dos registros no cartão da gestante, prontuários da mulher e do recém-nascido e por um questionário estruturado. As variáveis associadas ao ganho de peso durante a gestação foram número de gestações (p=0,003) e paridade (p=0,041). Mulheres com obesidade prévia à gestação obtiveram maior prevalência de ganho de peso excessivo durante a gestação. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, conclui-se que o ganho de peso excessivo durante a gestação foi maior entre mulheres primíparas e primigestas. Sugere-se novos estudos sobre a temática para que forneça subsídios para ao planejamento de ações voltadas ao controle do ganho de peso durante a gestação.

Assessment of possibilities of strawberry jam reformulation

The prevalence of excessive weight gain, obesity, and associated diseases are permanently increasing. Therefore, the interest in food products with a composition suitable for people with the aforementioned health problems is also on the rise. The changes in food composition, nowadays often called reformulation, are mainly focused on reducing the amount of salt, sugar, or fat. Strawberry spreads with different sugar (10 – 40%) and strawberry (20 – 50%) content were prepared and the influence of strawberry jam composition on gel stiffness, colour, and sensory parameters was studied. This study aimed to determine the sensorial and technological limits (sugar and strawberry content) of strawberry jam reformulation. Carrageenan was chosen as a suitable gelling agent for the preparation of these reformulated strawberry products. strawberry spreads. The applicable concentration of carrageenan for the ideal stiffness of strawberry spreads was 2%. The results of the maximum compression force show a statistically significant increase of gel stiffness with increasing addition of strawberry puree, the effect of sugar content was also statistically significant (p = 0.05). This study showed that strawberry spreads with low strawberry and/or sugar content are sensorially acceptable.

Global shifts in the patterns of urban and rural weight increase.

The prevalence of excess weight gain is increasing more rapidly in rural than in urban environments. Increased intake of ultra-processed foods has been associated with obesity, and the rise of supermarkets and marketing strategies may have contributed to the greater weight increases in rural areas.

Prevalence of Documented Excessive Weight Gain Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate.

BackgroundDepot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an accessible contraception with high efficacy among adolescents. However, concern of weight gain can impede DMPA use. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of excessive weight gain associated with DMPA injection in young women and its predicting factor.MethodsThis retrospective chart review included young women aged 10 - 24 years who had used DMPA and attended at Family Planning and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Siriraj Hospital for at least 6-month period during January 2010 to June 2016. Baseline clinical data, weight at beginning of contraception, and weight at 6 and 12 months thereafter were reviewed. Excessive weight was defined as weight gain of > 5% of their baseline weight at 6 months. Various baseline variables were compared between groups with and without excessive weight gain.ResultsAmong 231 DMPA users in this study, there were 28 women (12.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8 - 16.3) who had an excessive weight gain at 6 months. Age, baseline body mass index, or race did not affect the likelihood of excessive weight gain. The excessive weight gain group had significant higher proportion of nulliparity, unmarried status and DMPA-ever used history compared to another one. Six of 13 (46.2%) excessive weight gainers at 6 months who continued DMPA use had gain even more weight (> 10% of their baseline weigh) at 12 months.ConclusionsThe majority of adolescent girls using DMPA had no excessive weight gain in 6 months. However, DMPA users who had excessive weight at 6 months were at high risk of gaining even more weight at 1 year.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT OUTCOMES OF PERINATAL BRAIN LESIONS

The article presents data on the physical development disorders of children with different outcomes of perinatal brain lesions. The children, gone through neonatal reanimation, have different outcomes during postnatal development, they are: neurological deficit – 43,7 %, minimum cerebral dysfunctions (functional disorders) – 56,3 %. Physical development disorders were found in 58,2 % of children with neurological deficit and in 39,4 % of children with minimum cerebral dysfunctions (р<0, 05). The prevalence of underweight children was determined in children with neurological deficit (р<0, 001), and the prevalence of excess weight gain was noted in children with minimum cerebral dysfunctions (р<0, 05). Analysis of physical development was carried with using of the sigma deviations method. Analysis of psychomotor development was carried with using the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale.

Dental status of school children with physical development disorders who live in rural areas

Aim. To determine the dental status of students with physical development disorders in rural schools. Methods. Examined were 360 school students of the Alkeyevsky region of the Republic of Tatarstan aged from 7 to 12 years. The comprehensive assessment of physical development included determination of the biological age, constitutional body type, height and weight. The evaluation was conducted on a scale of regression. Occlusion was assessed according to the classification of L.S. Persin (1989). Determined was the extent of dental caries, the depth of the vestibule of the oral cavity, examined was the condition of the frenulums of the lips and tongue, the shape of the head, the respiratory and swallowing functions. Results. Disorders of physical development were detected in 32.2% of children, with prevalence of excessive weight gain in 58.6% of cases. Pathological bite was found in 296 (82.2%) of the school students: deep premaxillary occlusion - 22.6%, close positioning of the teeth - 52.7%. The index of the extensiveness of caries was 5.6±2.4 in the group of children with excess body weight and 4.8±2.9 in underweight children. Revealed were anomalies in the attachment of soft tissues of the oral cavity: a shallow vestibule - 63.4%, impaired attachment of the frenulums of lips and tongue - 47.3%. Mouth breathing was detected in 26.3% of children with impaired physical development, which in children with excess weight gain was found in 7.1% of students, and in the group of underweight children was noted in 37.5% of students. Infantile type of swallowing was found in 26.3% of examined students. Conclusion. School students who live in rural areas often have physical development disorders and a poor dental status: high frequency of malocclusion, dental caries, disorders of the breathing, chewing and swallowing, as well as anomalies in the attachment of soft tissues and a small vestibule of the oral cavity.

Behavioural interventions for weight management in pregnancy: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative data

BackgroundThere is a rising prevalence of excessive weight gain in pregnancy and an increasing number of pregnant women who are overweight or obese at the start of the pregnancy. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal consequences and increases the risk of long-term obesity. Pregnancy therefore may be a key time to prevent excessive weight gain and improve the health of women and their unborn child. This systematic review sought to assess the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to prevent excessive weight gain in pregnancy and explore the factors that influence intervention effectiveness.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. This included a meta-analysis of controlled trials of diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy and a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies that investigated the views of women on weight management during pregnancy. A thorough search of eleven electronic bibliographic databases, reference lists of included studies, relevant review articles and experts in the field were contacted to identify potentially relevant studies.Two independent reviewers extracted data. RevMan software was used to perform the meta-analyses. Qualitative data was subject to thematic analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were aligned using a matrix framework.ResultsFive controlled trials and eight qualitative studies were included. The overall pooled effect size found no significant difference in gestational weight gain amongst participants in the intervention group compared with the control group (mean difference -0.28 95% CI -0.64 to 0.09). The study designs, participants and interventions all varied markedly and there was significant heterogeneity within this comparison in the meta-analysis (I2 67%). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not identify contextual elements that influenced the effectiveness of the intervention.In a thematic analysis of the qualitative studies, three major themes emerged relating to women's views of weight management in pregnancy: pregnancy as a time of transition and change, conflicting and contradictory messages and a perceived lack of control. When the results of both quantitative and qualitative data were aligned it was clear that some of the barriers that women described in achieving healthy weight gain in pregnancy were not addressed by the interventions evaluated. This may have contributed to the limited effectiveness of the interventions.ConclusionsDespite intense and often tailored interventions there was no statistically significant effect on weight gain during pregnancy. Inadequate and often contradictory information regarding healthy weight management was reported by women in qualitative studies and this was addressed in the interventions but this in itself was insufficient to lead to reduced weight gain. Multiple types of interventions, including community based strategies are needed to address this complex health problem.