Prevalence Of Excess Body Weight Research Articles

Burden of diseases attributable to excess body weight in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019

High body mass index (BMI), or excess body weight (EBW), represents a significant risk factor for a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The study sought to determine the burden of diseases attributable to EBW in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 and 2019. The analysis also included an exploration of this burden by age, sex, underlying cause, and sociodemographic index (SDI). We utilized publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to identify the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of diseases associated with EBW in MENA, spanning the period from 1990 to 2019. The GBD estimated the mean BMI and the prevalence of EBW using hierarchical mixed-effects regression, followed by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to determine the most accurate BMI distribution through comparison with actual data. In 2019, there were an estimated 538.4 thousand deaths (95% UI 369.9–712.3) and 17.9 million DALYs (12.9–23.1) attributable to EBW in the region. The DALYs attributable to EBW were higher in men (9.3 million [6.5–12.4]) than in women (8.5 million [6.4–10.8]). The age-standardized death and DALY rates for the diseases associated with EBW increased by 5.1% (− 9.0–25.9) and 8.3% (− 6.5–28.8), respectively, during the study period which was not significant. Egypt had the highest age-standardized mortality rate due to EBW (217.7 [140.0, 307.8]), while Yemen (88.6 [45.9, 143.5]) had the lowest. In 2019, the highest number of DALYs occurred among individuals aged 60 to 64 years old. Furthermore, we found a positive association between a nation's SDI and the age-standardized DALY rate linked to EBW. Cardiovascular disease emerged as the leading contributor to the EBW burden in MENA. The disease burden attributable to EBW showed a non-significant increase in MENA from 1990 to 2019.

Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Qualified for Off-Pump Coronary Bypass

The aim. To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors for circulatory diseases in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary bypass surgery (off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting).
 Material and methods. The study included 991 subjects (786 men, 205 women), mean age 64.3 ± 1.4 years. All the study participants underwent off-pump coronary bypass surgery.
 Results. Based on modern ideas about risk factors for circulatory diseases and CHD, it is impossible to ignore the influence of cardiovascular factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable. The analysis of medical and social risk factors for CHD, which include age, body weight, eating habits and smoking, showed that these medical and social factors are common among patients with CHD. It was found that the prevalence of excess body weight among men with CHD was significantly higher in patients with multivessel lesions than in those with 1-vessel lesions (p=0.05, χ2=3.69). Among women with CHD, excess body weight was significantly higher in the clinical group with multivessel lesions compared to 2-vessel lesions (p=0.002, χ2=9.06). It was also found that the prevalence of excess body weight was significantly higher in clinical groups with 1-vessel lesions among men compared to women (p=0.04, χ2=3.95). It was established that the frequency of obesity was significantly more common in women of different clinical groups compared to men: with 1-vascular lesions (p=0.04, χ2=3.95); with 2-vessel lesions (p=0.0001, χ2=24); with multivessel lesions (p=0.0001, χ2=186.57). It was established that men smoke significantly more often than women (p=0.0001, χ2=31.22). The obtained results complement the scientific data of the world epidemiological studies regarding the determination of the role of medical and social factors in the development of CHD. The article analyzes excess body weight, obesity and smoking as the leading etiological factors for CHD. It was established that the risk of developing CHD is reliably associated with excess body weight, obesity and smoking, among different clinical groups of male and female patients, both with single-vessel lesions and with multivessel lesions in CHD.
 Conclusions. Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors for the development of CHD, which include age, body weight, eating habits, and smoking, showed that their further study is relevant, as these are common among patients with CHD. It was established that frequency of excess body weight in patients with CHD, both in men and women, was significantly higher among individuals with multivessel lesions. The prevalence of obesity among patients with CHD presented for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was significantly higher among women in groups with different numbers of affected coronary vessels. As for smoking, it was established that this behaviorally associated habit is significantly more common among men with CHD. The reliable patterns of prevalence of excess body weight, obesity and smoking in patients with CHD established as a result of the study of cardiovascular factors prove that these factors have high etiological contribution to the development, course and number of affected vessels in CHD.

Impact of implementation of front-of-package nutrition labeling on sugary beverage consumption and consequently on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity and related direct costs in Brazil: An estimate through a modeling study.

Intake of sugary beverages has been associated with obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases, thereby increasing the direct health costs related to these diseases. Front-of-package nutrition labeling (FoPNL) aims to help consumers understand food composition, thereby improving food choices and preventing the development of such diseases. To estimate, over five years, the impact of implementing FoPNL in Brazil on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity in adults who consume sugary beverages and the direct costs related to such problems. A simulation study to performed to estimate the effect of FoPNL implementation on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity. The VIGITEL research database (2019), published in the 2020 report, was used in this study (the final sample consisted of 12,471 data points representing 14,380,032 Brazilians). The scenarios were considered: base (trend in sugary beverage intake); 1 (base scenario associated with the changes in energy content of the purchased beverages observed after the first phase of the Chilean labeling law (-9.9%); and 2 (scenario 1 associated with reformulation of beverages, total energy reduction of -1.6%). Changes in body weight were estimated using the simulation model of Hall et al. (2011) over five years. A linear trend in the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight in the Brazilian population was considered. The impact of the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight on body mass index was estimated. In addition, the direct health costs related to obesity were estimated. Energy consumption from sugary beverages after FoPNL implementation is expected to be reduced by approximately 28 kcal/day (95% CI, -30 to -27) considering scenario 1. In scenarios 1 and 2, without FoPNL, the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight over five years was estimated to be 25.3% and 25.2%, and 64.4% and 64.2%, respectively. By extrapolating the results to the entire Brazilian population, it was observed that the implementation of FoPNL may reduce the prevalence of obesity by -0.32 percentage points and -0.35 percentage points (scenario 1 and 2, respectively) and excess body weight by -0.42 percentage points and -0.48 percentage points (scenarios 1 and 2, respectively) in five years. It is estimated that after five years of implementation, it will be possible to save approximately US$ 5,5 millions (95% CI 4,7 to 8,8) in scenario 1, reaching approximately US$ 6,1 millions (95% CI 5,3 to 9,8) in scenario 2. The results of this modeling study indicate that FoPNL may reduce prevalence of excess body weight and obesity, representing strategic public policies for obesity prevention.

Association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in Peruvian university teachers, 2019-2020.

Although the relationship between health status and dietary intake has been extensively studied in the general population, there is a lack of research that has specifically examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. To determine the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 176 teachers from a private university located in the eastern region of Lima, Peru (Mage: 37.0 years; SD: 0.8, range: 24-59 years). The study was conducted during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. Information was collected on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and frequency of breakfast consumption. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the association between frequency of breakfast with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. The highest prevalence of excess body weight (44.4%) was observed in those who consumed breakfast 0 to 2 days/week, but without statistical differences. Those who reported Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 160 mg/dL were 77% less likely to fall into the 3-5 day/week breakfast frequency category than those who reported a regular frequency of breakfast (6 to 7 days/week) (Adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.73; p < 0.05). In addition, teachers who reported a breakfast frequency of 3 to 5 days/week were 83% more likely to have a glucose concentration < 110 mg/dL compared to those who consumed breakfast of 6 to 7 days/week (Adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.75; p < 0.05). Skipping breakfast for an extended period of time can have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health. Promoting the benefits of breakfast could be a health message of great public health interest.

The occurrence of allergic diseases in children with normal weight, excess body weight and obesity: a comparative analysis

Aim to study the prevalence of allergic diseases (AD), excess body weight and obesity in school children and to analyze the correlations between the AD diagnosis and body weight.&#x0D; Material and methods. During the single-stage observational study, 1503 children aged from 7 to 14 years received medical checkup. In all children, we measured anthropometric data, calculated body mass index and standard sigma deviation with the following assessment. The information about the presence of AD was obtained from the primary medical documentation of schoolchildren. Then, we conducted a telephone survey of the parents of the examined children to clarify the data on the presence of allergopathology in them.&#x0D; Results. The prevalence of excess body weight in school-children was 20.9%, obesity 13.5%. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AtD) according to the medical record was 6.72%, allergic rhinitis (AR) 6.65%, bronchial asthma (BA) 1.86%. The statistical analysis of mentioned diseases revealed no correlation between the increased body weight and the prevalence of AD both in the general cohort of children, and when stratified by age and gender. The comparative analysis of the telephone survey data on the prevalence of allergopathology in overweight and obese children provided statistically significant results: with the weight gain, the prevalence of the studied allergic diseases was increasing.&#x0D; Conclusion. The results of the study did not reveal a statistically significant positive association between excess body weight, obesity and the presence of AD in the children of the examined group. However, the differences in the prevalence of allergopathology in schoolchildren according to primary medical documentation and the results of a telephone survey of parents indicate the need for a deeper study of the problem and an epidemiological study of the true prevalence of AD in children, followed by an analysis of the association between these conditions.

Awareness of the Link Between the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Cancer is a group of diseases with uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. Increased intake of animal-source foods, sedentary lifestyle, decreased physical activity, and increased prevalence of excess body weight are independently associated with CRC risk. Additional risk factors include heavy alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and consumption of red or processed meat. Ultra-processed food (UPF) is made utilizing multiple components and a number of procedures. Soft drinks and salty or sugary snacks typically contain a lot of added sugar, fats, and processed carbohydrates, which negatively affect the balance of the gut bacteria, nutrients, and bioactive substances that are necessary for the prevention of CRC. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of the general population in Saudi Arabia toward the relationship between UPF and CRC. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Saudi Arabia between June and December, 2022. Result The study involved 802 participants, of which 84% consumed UPF and 71% were aware of the link between UPF and CRC. Only 18.3% were familiar with the particular type of UPF and only 29.4% knew how to prepare them. The prevalence of participants who were aware of the link between UPF and CRC was significantly more among the older age groups, people living in the Eastern Region, and those who knew how to manufacture UPF, while the prevalence of awareness was significantly less among those who regularly consumed UPF. Conclusion The study showed that a significant portion of subjects regularly ate UPF, and only a few were aware of its link to CRC. This highlights the need for greater awareness of the fundamentals of UPF and its impact on health. Governmental organizations should develop a strategy to raise public awareness of excessive UPF use.

Association between Physical Activity and Sitting Time Related to Excess Body Weight in Brazilian University Students

High exposure to sedentary behavior and lower levels of physical activity can lead to excess body weight (EBW). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of EBW and the direct association under the condition of sociodemographic, university, and behavioral moderating characteristics, between physical activity and sitting time related to EBW in Brazilian university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,110 university students from a federal public institution in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was the EBW (body mass index: ≥25.0 kg/m²) and the independent variables were physical activity (insufficiently active and active) and sitting time (<6 h/day; ≥6 h/day). Association analyses were estimated via odds ratio (OR) using binary logistic regression. The significance level was 5%. The prevalence of EBW was 27.8%. No direct association was observed between physical activity and time sitting related to EBW. However, insufficiently active university students were more likely to have EBW (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.06–3.47) when they did not consume alcoholic beverages, and university students with a sitting time of ≥6 h/day had lower chances of having EBW (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40–0.95) when they had spent more time at university (3 years or more). It is concluded that the prevalence of EBW in university students was high and there was no direct association between physical activity and sitting time; however, alcohol consumption and university time moderated the association with higher and lower chances of occurrence of EBW in university students, respectively.

Избыточная масса тела и ожирение у школьников Пермского края

The changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in countries with different levels of economic development are contra-directional. Information on the matter in the regions of the Russian Federation is incomplete, making monitoring difficult. The weight status of the child and youth population is of particular interest. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age children living in rural settlements, a small town, and a city of Perm Krai. Materials and methods. The data on schoolchildren aged 7–18 (1688 males and 1754 females) was collected in Perm city, Kudymkar town, and rural settlements of Perm Krai in 2019–20. The body weight (BW) status was determined according to the procedure recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (2017). Results. Excess BW was found in 23.6-26.3% of the rural and urban children (including obesity in 8.3–10.2%). The rural-urban differences within gender subgroups were statistically non-significant (p&gt; 0.05). Males were more likely than females to be overweight (p &lt; 0.05) and obese (p = 0.057 in rural, p&lt; 0.02 in urban subgroups). The mode of the excess BW distribution in both gender subgroups falls at 11 years of age. Conclusion. According to our data, the prevalence of excess BW and obesity in the schoolchildren of Perm Krai in 2019-2020 turned to be high and close to that in the Komi Republic, Udmurtia, Bashkiria, and Moscow; independent from the type of residency (city, town, or rural settlement); dependent from the sex factor. As far as the sex differences in the prevalence of excess BW and obesity were found significant, and the sex ratio varies in populations, the comparison should be done in male and female groups separately, or take into account the sex ratio.

Impact of One-Year Dietary Education on Change in Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Children with Excess Body Weight.

Obesity is regarded as a civilization disease that increases mortality and the risk of cardiovascular complications. In Poland, the prevalence of excess body weight in the paediatric population has been steadily increasing. The consequences of excess body weight in the developmental age population affect children’s health and destabilize their development. Appropriate dietary interventions are the main non-invasive methods of preventing and treating obesity. They should be aimed at the whole family, optimally with the use of simple tools such as the Healthy Eating Pyramid. Due to the increasing prevalence of excess body weight in the developmental age population and the problems with the treatment of this condition, studies were undertaken in order to determine the impact of a dietary intervention on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in children with excess body weight. A total of 68 (72.3%) children completed the study. Based on BMI SDS, 59 (86.8%) were diagnosed with obesity and 9 (13.2%) with overweight. After the completion of the one-year dietary educational program, a significant improvement in weight loss, waist and hip circumference, as well as the value of the WHtR index was demonstrated. There was also a significant increase in the percentage of muscle tissue and a decrease in the content of adipose tissue in the bodies of examined children. A significant improvement in the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, and almost all parameters of lipid metabolism, except for total cholesterol. A significant (by 28.0%) reduction in the incidence of fatty liver was also noted. No influence of dietary education on arterial blood pressure was observed.

Overweight and obesity among rural schoolchildren of the Russian Arctic and North in 1994–2019

BACKGROUND: There was not enough information on the spread of obesity among schoolchildren in rural settlements and small towns of Northern Russia in recent years. This study aimed to trace the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 617 years living in rural areas of Northern Russia between 1994 and 2019.&#x0D; METHODS: Data, including sex, age, body weight, and stature, were collected during regular medical examinations of 7548 children aged 617 years living in the rural settlements of Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic, Komi-Permyak Okrug in 1994, 19971998, 20052009, and 20162019. Individual assessments were made using body mass indices according to the procedures and cutoffs recommended by the World Health Organization.&#x0D; RESULTS: The prevalence of excess body weight has substantially increased in all localities. It was 47% (including 0.6%0.8% obesity) in 19941998, 7.518.7% (obesity 0.95.0%) in 20052009, and 23.926.6% (obesity 7.711.9%) in 20162019. As 2019 data showed, no difference was found between schoolchildren residing in rural settlements, small towns, large industrial centers, and Moscow.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: A rapid spread of overweight and obesity among Russian children occurred in the second decade of the 21st century. The northern populations encounter this process in the same degree and extent as others. Geographic (Arctic, non-Arctic North, and Central Russia) and socioeconomic (various levels of urbanization) factors do not play a major role in that negative dynamics.

Association between abdominal obesity, screen time and sleep in adolescents

ObjectiveTo assess the association between abdominal obesity, food intake, sleep deprivation, and screen time in adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 432 adolescents aged 14–19 years, from public and private schools. Anthropometric and body composition measures included body weight, waist circumference, body mass index for age, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage. Abdominal obesity was defined by age and sex specific cut-off points for waist circumference. Food intake, screen time, sexual maturation, and sleep duration were evaluated by self-administered questionnaires. ResultsThe prevalence of excess body weight and abdominal obesity was 16.7% and 27.5%, respectively. Students in the adult phase (post-puberty), with inadequate waist-to-height ratio, high body fat percentage, and screen time ≥ 3 h/day were, respectively, 2.5 (95% CI 1.40–4.46), 7.44 (95% CI 1.08–51.46), 2.79 (95% CI 1.04–7.50), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.24–3.89) more likely to have abdominal obesity. Low intake of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with inadequate sleep duration, while high intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with high screen time. ConclusionsAbdominal obesity was associated with the adult phase, short sleep duration and high screen time. The degree of food processing was associated with screen time and sleep duration. Assessing the risk factors of abdominal obesity may be a useful strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease in adolescents.

Has the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain Plateaued? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The prevalence of excess body weight (overweight plus obesity) in children has risen during the last decades in many countries, but it is unclear whether it has reached a plateau in Spanish children. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis for the prevalence of excess body weight in children from Spain, comparing the trends between 1999 and 2010 and 2011 and 2021. Data were reported in a prior meta-analysis, plus an updated search using the Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases for data from January 2018 until December 2021. Thirteen representative studies were identified (34,813 children aged 2 to 13 years), with sample sizes averaging 2678 (range: 396–16,665). The prevalence of excess body weight in Spanish children aged 2 to 6 years increased from 23.3% (95% CI, 18.5% to 25.5%) during the period 1999–2010 to 39.9% (95% CI, 35.4% to 44.7%) during 2011–2021. In children aged 7 to 13 years, the prevalence of excess body weight increased from 32.3% (95% CI, 29.1–35.6%) during the period 1999–2010 to 35.3% (95% CI, 32.9–37.7%) during 2011–2021. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain has substantially increased in the last decade. New food policies to address the childhood obesity epidemic are urgently required to reverse current trends.

Impact of reducing excess body weight and physical inactivity on cancer incidence in Germany from 2020 to 2050—a simulation model

BackgroundExcess body weight and physical inactivity are key cancer risk factors contributing substantially to the cancer burden in Germany. We aimed to estimate the numbers and proportions of future cancer cases prevented under different scenarios of reducing the prevalence of excess body weight and physical inactivity in Germany. MethodsBased on a macro-simulation approach calculating age-, sex-, and cancer-site specific potential impact fractions, we estimated for a 30-year study period (2020–2050) numbers and proportions of cancer cases prevented under different scenarios of reducing excess body weight (overweight and obesity) and increasing levels of physical activity in the German population. ResultsEstimates of the prevented cancer burden varied in the different scenarios. In the guideline exposure scenarios, in which the prevalence of excess body weight and insufficient levels of physical activity would be eliminated, 8.7% (men: 10.1%; women: 7.8%) of overweight/obesity-related cancer cases and 2.4% (men: 2.3%; women: 2.4%) of cancer cases related to physical inactivity were estimated to be prevented over a 30-year period. This translates to approximately 662,000 (men: 304,000; women: 358,000) and 129,000 (men: 42,000; women: 87,000) prevented cancer cases, respectively. ConclusionOur results illustrate that a substantial number of future cancer cases could be prevented in the German population by reducing excess body weight and physical inactivity.

Social inequalities in obesity and overweight: secular changes in Poland between 1983 and 2020.

Human development is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of the family. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of excess body weight among Polish children and adolescents from families of varying SES examined in 1983 and 2020. The study group included 3-15-year olds from two cross-sectional surveys (1983 and 2020) conducted in kindergartens and schools. The 1983 cohort consisted of 3394 individuals and the one from 2020-of 1253 children and adolescents. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated. Inclusion into underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese categories was based on Cole's cutoff points. SES was established based on the place of the parents' birth, parents', education status and the number of children in the family, which were self-reported in a questionary by the parents of the examined individuals. The mean overall SES was higher in the 2020 cohort, in comparison to the one examined in 1983. This change was also reflected by the changing prevalence of excess body weight, which, in 1983 was the greatest in the high socioeconomic category. On the other hand, in 2020 overweight/obesity was the most prevalent among individuals from families of low SES. The present results confirm the findings obtained in other countries, which suggest that changing the level of socioeconomic development modifies the changes regarding the prevalence of excess body weight. It is an important observation because a study of this type has not yet been conducted in the Polish population.

Особливості секреції мелатоніну й серотоніну у молодих жінок із різною масою тіла та їх взаємозв’язок з розвитком інсулінорезистентності

Актуальність. Актуальність дослідження обумовлена значною поширеністю надлишку маси тіла різного ступеня серед молодого жіночого населення України та необхідністю деталізації підходів до ранньої профілактики у них гормонально-метаболічних ускладнень цих патологічних станів. Мета: деталізувати особливості балансу в системі «мелатонін — серотонін — лептин — чутливість периферичних тканин до інсуліну» у жінок молодого віку — представниць української популяції із різною масою тіла, у тому числі з урахуванням особливостей його складу. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 130 жінок, середній вік яких становив 28,64 ± 6,91 року, з екзогенно-конституційним надлишком маси тіла різного ступеня. Шляхом анкетування оцінювалась наявність порушень сну. Визначали індекс маси тіла, окружність талії; методом біоімпедансного аналізу — склад тіла (жирову, відносну жирову, безжирову, активну клітинну маси тіла); імуноферментним методом — рівні інсулін- та лептинемії. Розраховувався індекс НОМA. Секреція мелатоніну оцінювалася за вмістом у сечі рівня його метаболіту 6-сульфатоксимелатоніну (6-СОМТ) за методом Друекса в модифікації Г.В. Зубкова; серотоніну — флуориметричним методом В.І. Кулинського та Л.С. Костюковської. Результати. Встановлено, що у молодих жінок — представниць української популяції ступінь накопичення жирової тканини в організмі негативно корелює із рівнем серотонінемії, нічної та середньодобової екскреції 6-СОМТ з сечею; позитивно — із рівнем денної фракції екскреції 6-СОМТ з сечею. Зниження середньодобової екскреції 6-СОМТ та вмісту серотоніну у циркуляції має зв’язок із зростанням значення індексу НОМА та рівня лептинемії. Розвиток абдомінального ожиріння у молодих жінок — представниць української популяції характеризується зниженням рівня серотоніну у циркуляції, нічної фракції екскреції 6-СОМТ з сечею при одночасному зростанні денної. При подальшому збільшенні окружності талії вищезазначені зміни поглиблюються. Висновки. Зниження рівня серотоніну у циркуляції, нічної фракції екскреції мелатоніну при одночасному зростанні денної є значущою відмінністю пацієнток із ожирінням порівняно із жінками з надлишковою масою тіла.

The effect of progressive aerobic, resistance and stretching exercise combined with education on body weight among breast cancer survivors

Introduction Breast cancer survivors have a high prevalence of excess body weight (65%) [1], which contributes to several comorbidities [2] and decrease in quality of life (QoL) [3]. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of an exercise and education program on body weight, physical activity levels and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Materials and methods Thirteen breast cancer survivors took part of this case series study. They had a mean age of 69.8 (63–84) years, a body mass index (BMI) of 28.1 (24.4–32.3) kg/m2 and were lastly treated 7,6 (4-10) years ago. The program included a biweekly moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance and stretching exercise program, for 12 weeks, and educational sessions once a week for the first 4 weeks, regarding excess body weight and physical activity. The primary outcome was body weight and secondary outcomes were body fat, lean mass, knowledge of the topics discussed in the educational sessions, QoL (Global State Subscale of EORTC QLQ-C30), physical activity level (IPAQ), and program satisfaction. An informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results Five of the eight eligible participants (62.5%) completed the study. All participants (5, 100%) decreased body weight, with a decrease in body fat and increase in lean mass. All of them also remained in the same physical activity levels, and all except one (4, 80%) improved QoL. Participants either maintained (1, 50%) or decreased (1, 50%) their knowledge on body weight, and either increased (2, 50%), maintained (1, 25%) or decreased (1, 25%) their knowledge on physical activity. All participants (5, 100%) were “highly satisfied” with the program. Discussion and conclusions The authors conclude that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance and stretching exercise program improves loss of body weight, body composition and QoL, and helps maintaining physical activity levels, which is in accordance with previous literature. Effects on knowledge improvement were not observed, since there were only 2 educational sessions per topic, on a 4-week span, and the literature shows effects with longer programs. Furthermore, the collaborative methodology of the sessions led participants to interpret those as a moment to share experiences, instead of a moment to learn. These educational results may negatively influence the maintenance of the other results achieved. Similar programs should be provided, promoting these results to wider groups of breast cancer survivors, with educational sessions given more frequently and in a more informal setting, allied to exercise sessions.

Costs of cancer attributable to excess body weight in the Brazilian public health system in 2018.

ObjectivesThe prevalence of excess body weight (EBW) has increased over the last decades in Brazil, where 55.4% of the adult population was overweight in 2019. EBW is a well-known risk factor for several types of cancer. We estimated the federal cost of EBW-related cancers in adults, considering the medical expenditures in the Brazilian Public Health System.MethodsWe calculated the costs related to 11 types of cancer considering the procedures performed in 2018 by all organizations that provide cancer care in the public health system. We obtained data from the Hospital and Ambulatory Information Systems of the Brazilian Public Health System. We calculated the fractions of cancer attributable to EBW using the relative risks from the literature and prevalence from a nationally representative survey. We converted the monetary values in Reais (R$) to international dollars (Int$), considering the purchasing power parity (PPP) of 2018.ResultsIn Brazil, the 2018 federal cost for all types of cancers combined was Int$ 1.73 billion, of which nearly Int$ 710 million was spent on EBW-related cancer care and Int$ 30 million was attributable to EBW. Outpatient and inpatient expenditures reached Int$ 20.41 million (of which 80% was for chemotherapy) and Int$ 10.06 million (of which 82% was for surgery), respectively. Approximately 80% of EBW-attributable costs were due to breast, endometrial and colorectal cancers.ConclusionA total of 1.76% of all federal cancer-related costs could be associated with EBW, representing a substantial economic burden for the public health system. We highlight the need for integrated policies for excess body weight control and cancer prevention.

Epidemiology of Obesity and Hypertension in School Adolescents Aged 15-17 from the Region of Central Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal weight and anthropometric parameters along with abnormal blood pressure values in adolescents in Poland. Anthropometric measurements were taken in the studied age group and the correlation between these values and blood pressure values and the diagnosis of hypertension was analyzed. The main aim of the study was to characterize the particular age group in the selected population: 690 students aged 15–17 years were examined. Blood pressure and anthropometric values including height, weight, circumferences of the hips, abdomen and arms, as well as skinfolds on the back of the arm, below the scapula and the stomach, were taken. The following indexes were calculated: WHR (waist to hip ratio), WHtR (waist to height ratio), BAI (body adiposity index-hip to height ratio) and BMI (body mass index). Mean SBP (systolic blood pressure) was 112.3 (standard deviation (SD) 12.2) mmHg, and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) was 66.9 (SD 6.9) mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension in the studied group was 5.8% (3.2% boys, 2.6% girls) and prehypertension was present in 4.4% (1.6% boys, 2.8% girls). The prevalence of excess body weight was 23.6%-obesity 11.3% (40 girls, 27 boys) and overweight 12.3% (50 girls, 34 boys). Correlations between BMI and waist, hip and arm circumference, subscapular and abdominal skinfold thickness, WHtR and BAI were r = 0.86, r = 0.84, r = 0.88, r = 0.81, r = 0.75, r = 0.88 and r = 0.81, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) of SBP and DBP values, depending on weight category, as defined by BMI, were observed. Abnormal blood pressure values occur in one tenth and abnormal body weight in almost a quarter of the studied population. Obese and overweight children have higher SBP and DBP values compared to children with normal body weight.

Prevalence and correlates of excess body weight in university students

abstract – This study aimed to identify the prevalence of excess body weight in university students from a representative state in Brazil's southern region and establish associations with the demographic, university environment, and health behavior correlates. A random sample of 5,310 university students answered an online questionnaire with demographic, university environment, and eight health behavior data. Excess body weight was identified using the body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The data were processed using bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. The overall prevalence of excess body weight exposure was equivalent to 39.1% [35.7-42.6], with significantly different rates between gender, age, and marital status. Likewise, housing type and study year showed significant associations with excess body weight. Among health behavior indicators, with control of all other variables involved in the model, depressive symptoms (p = 0.031), high stress (p = 0.045), sleep duration &lt; 6 hours/night (p &lt; 0.001), moderate-vigorous physical activity &lt; 150 min/week (p = 0.022) and fruit/vegetable consumption &lt; 5 servings per day (p &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with the outcome. However, tobacco use, binge drinking, and prescription drug misuse did not remain in the adjusted multivariate model. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of proposing and implementing multifaceted preventive intervention actions to prevent health outcomes related to excess body weight, once since significant associations with modifiable factors have been identified.

Increasing prevalence of overweight among Seychelles children, 1998-2002

To examine the prevalence and trends in excess weight among children in the Seychelles. Serial surveys of weight and height were conducted each year between 1998-2002 in all students attending four school grades (crèche, 4th, 7th and 10th years of compulsory school). Overweight and obesity were defined using age-specific body mass index (BMI) criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Two questions explored physical activity at leisure time and daily walking time. From an eligible total of 32 077 observations between 1998-2002, data were available in 22 694 (71%), which corresponded to 17 627 separate children. Median age in the four grades was respectively 5.5, 9.2, 12.6, and 15.8 years. The overall prevalence of excess weight (‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ categories combined) was 10.5% in boys and 16.4% in girls. From 1998 to 2002, the prevalence of excess weight increased from 8.4% to 11.8% in boys and from 11.9% to 18.4% in girls. The increase of excess weight over calendar years was particularly marked among the younger children. Only a quarter of children reported walking at least 30minutes per day. Leisure physical activity was inversely associated with excess body weight. The prevalence of excess body weight was high among school children of Seychelles and increased substantially over a five-year period. This calls for prompt and energetic policies and programs to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition among children.