Prevalence Of Endocrine Disorders Research Articles

Endocrine Disorders in Childhood Brain Tumour Survivors: A Single-Centre Study.

The study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumour survivors. Included in the study were 124 childhood brain tumour survivors aged 18 years old or younger with either stable disease or in remission, and had survived for at least 2 years after diagnosis. Demographic data (age at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status), clinical clues for endocrine disorders, anthropometrics (weight, height, midparental height), pubertal staging, tumour-related characteristics, treatment modalities and endocrine laboratory measurements at diagnosis and during follow up were obtained. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate risk factors for endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumour survivors. The prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumour survivors was 62.1%. The risk factors were high BMI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.5], high-risk site [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.15, 95% CI: 1.41 to 36.3] and chemotherapy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.62]. The prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumour survivors in our centre was 62.1%. The significant risk factors were high BMI, tumour location (suprasellar and intrasellar) and chemotherapy.

Prevalence of endocrine disorders in 304 premenopausal women referred with oligomenorrhoea.

We aimed to evaluate 304 premenopausal women admitted to our clinic for oligomenorrhoea, and to screen for Cushing's syndrome (CS) in this population. The study included 304 premenopausal women referred to our clinic for oligomenorrhoea. Anthropometric measurements and Ferriman-Gallwey score were evaluated, and thyroid hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were measured in all patients. If basal 17-OHP was > 2 ng/mL, we evaluated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated 17-OHP levels. CS was screened by 1 mg-dexamethasone suppression test, and if the cortisol value was > 1.8 μg/dL, we performed additional confirmatory tests, and if necessary, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) were performed. The most common cause of oligomenorrhoea was polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that was detected in 81.57% of cases, followed by hyperprolactinemia at 7.23% and hypothalamic anovulation at 5.26%. The prevalence of premature ovarian failure (POF) was 1.6%, and non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) was 1.97%. CS was detected in 7 (2.30%) patients. All the patients with CS were found to have Cushing's disease (CD). Although 3 patients with CD had classical signs and symptoms, 4 had none. Patients with CD had similar total testosterone values to those in the PCOS and NCAH groups, but they had significantly higher DHEA-S compared to both groups (CD vs. PCOS, p = 0.001 and CD vs. NCAH, p = 0.030). We found higher prevalence of CS in patients with oligomenorrhoea even in the absence of clinical signs. Therefore, we suggest routine screening for CS during the evaluation of patients with oligomenorrhoea and/or PCOS. The likelihood of CS is greater in patients with high androgen, especially DHEA-S levels.

Study of women's knowledge of the role of androgens and their excess in women - research article

Introduction: excess androgens is one of the most common endocrine disorder in women. The ovaries and/or adrenal glands are responsible for the excess of androgens. The most common cause is polycystic ovary syndrome.
 The aim of the study: was to show the level of knowledge of the women surveyed about the role of androgens and to find out the degree of their awareness of androgen excess in women. Last but not least, it was important to find out which symptoms the respondents think are characteristic of androgen excess in women, whether they know the concept of hirsutism and what androgenetic alopecia looks like.
 Material and method: wykorzystano ankietę własnego autorstwa. Przebadano 172 kobiety. Dokonano porównania odpowiedzi na pytania pomiędzy podgrupami. Oparto się na aktualnej literaturze medycznej oraz artykułach oryginalnych i badawczych znalezionych w PubMed.
 Results: slightly more than half of those surveyed know that testosterone is produced by the ovaries and adrenal cortex. Only 35.5% of the women surveyed can name other hormones belonging to the androgens besides testosterone. 60.7% of women know the characteristic symptoms of hyperandrogenism. 51.7% know the term hirsutism and 32% correctly identify the most common cause.
 Conclusions: given the prevalence of endocrine disorders in women, it is important to expand and disseminate information on the symptoms and causes of androgen excess in women, especially among women without medical education.

Impact of Endocrine Disorders on IVF Outcomes: Results from a Large, Single-Centre, Prospective Study

Endocrine disorders negatively influence the ovarian function, and increasing incidence of endocrine diseases with age may have further negative effects on pregnancy rate. Prospective cohort study of 231 consecutively enrolled patients underwent IVF treatment. In patients with known endocrine disorders, the laboratory parameters were corrected before IVF treatment. One hundred sixty one patients (69.7%) had at least one known and treated endocrine disorder (study group), and 70 patients were endocrine negative (control group). Endocrine disorders diagnosed were thyroid disorders (32.5%), diminished ovarian reserve (23.8%), insulin resistance (22.5%), PCOS (15.2%), hyperprolactinaemia (13.4%), obesity (12.1%), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (0.8%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (0.2%). Before the IVF treatment, systematic endocrine laboratory examinations were performed in all patients. Higher age, BMI and FSH were found in the study group, while AMH level was lower. There were no differences in LH, E2, prolactin, TSH, FT3, FT4, TT, DHEAS, androstendione, 17-OHP and SHBG level between the study and control groups. The study group had higher baseline glucose, baseline insulin, 120-min glucose and 120-min insulin level after oral glucose tolerance test. With no difference in the IVF cycles performed, pregnancy rate was lower in the study group (61.43% vs. 34.16%; p = 0.003), and this difference (p = 0.0151) remained in age-corrected rates, as well. The analyses were also performed in individual endocrinology groups. The prevalence of endocrine disorders is high in females participating in IVF programs, and they are often accompanying each other. Even after proper correction, the presence of the endocrine disorder negatively influences the pregnancy rate in IVF treatment.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Endocrine Disorders in Childhood Brain Tumors From a Single Tertiary Center in Malaysia.

Patients with childhood brain tumors are at risk of endocrine disorders. The prevalence of endocrine disorders varies across the world but is unknown in Malaysia. This study's objectives were to determine the prevalence of endocrine disorders among children with brain tumors in Malaysia and to identify endocrinopathy-associated risk factors. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of pediatric patients with brain tumors diagnosed and treated at the University Malaya Medical Center from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015, with a follow-up period until the age of 18 years old or at least 3 years from the initial diagnosis. A total of 106 patients were included; 71 patients (66%) were screened for endocrine disorders, and 61% of these had endocrine disorders at a median follow-up of 4 years. Hypothyroidism, short stature, and adrenocortical insufficiency were present in one-third of the patients, followed by central diabetes insipidus (21%), growth hormone deficiency (10%), delayed puberty (9%), and precocious puberty (4%). Radiation therapy and surgical intervention were risk factors for endocrine disorders, but hydrocephalus, supratentorial tumors, and malignant tumors were not. Most endocrinopathies developed within the first 2 years of brain tumor diagnosis. Therefore, standard endocrine-monitoring guidelines aiming for early diagnosis and therapy are essential.

Prevalence of Endocrine Disorders Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome in the United States.

Findings from a recent study describing prevalence of common disease conditions in the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in endocrine disorders among these individuals when compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. This retrospective, descriptive study is a follow-up report documenting prevalence of 21 endocrine disorder conditions, across 28 years of data, from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. Overall, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease; thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's disease, and Graves' disease; prolactinoma/hyperprolactinemia; diabetes insipidus; type I diabetes mellitus; and gout. Conversely, those with DS had lower prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. Many prevalences of endocrine conditions seen in individuals with DS significantly differ relative to their non-DS matched counterparts. These varied findings warrant further exploration into how screening for and treatment of endocrine conditions may need to be approached differently for individuals with DS.

Features of the Hospitalized Incidence and Prevalence of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrine Disorders in the Orenburg Region

Background: The incidence of endocrine diseases, eating and metabolic disorders has been increasing recently. The prevalence and structure of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders are significantly different from those in adults and have specific regional features. Objective: To study the frequency, structure, and long-term changes in the rates of hospitalization of the child population for diseases of the endocrine system in the Orenburg Region and to assess local features of disease incidence and prevalence. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on all pediatric cases (aged 0–18) of hospital care for endocrine disorders provided by the regional office of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund for 2016–2020. We also applied the Ward’s hierarchical clustering method to establish local peculiarities and to group municipalities by the rates and dynamics of endocrine diseases in children. Results: The average rate of hospitalization for endocrine disorders was 3.8 cases per 1,000 children and accounted for almost 3.9 % of all types of hospital care. The proportion of inpatients among children aged 0 to 14 years was higher than that among adolescents. Metabolic disorders (34.0 %), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (22.3 %), hypofunction and other pituitary disorders (12.6 %), obesity and other types of overnutrition (7.1 %), and undernutrition (5.7 %) prevailed in all hospitalized children. The patterns of pediatric and adolescent inpatients differed significantly. The analysis of the prevalence of endocrine disorders in children and its long-term changes enabled clustering of the territories of the Orenburg Region.Conclusions: Three distinct clusters of territories were established in the analysis of local rates of endocrine diseases in children. The first cluster was characterized by moderate disease rates, while the second and the third clusters demonstrated high and low incidence and prevalence rates of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders.

Особливості перебігу цукрового діабету 2-го типу у поєднанні з гіпотиреозом

Вступ. Останні десятиліття характеризуються значним збільшенням частоти захворювань органів ендокринної системи зі зміною структури, насамперед випадків поліендокринопатій, особливе місце серед яких займають поєднання цукрового діабету (ЦД) і тиреопатій. Збільшення частоти поєднання ЦД 2-го типу з гіпотиреозом впливає на особливості клінічного перебігу такої патології, залишається актуальною проблемою сучасної медичної науки. Мета дослідження: вивчення частоти гіпотиреозу у хворих на ЦД 2-го типу та встановлення клінічних особливостей перебігу ЦД 2-го типу у поєднанні з гіпотиреозом. Матеріали і методи. Проведено обстеження 179 хворих на ЦД у поєднанні з первинним гіпотиреозом, у тому числі 64 хворих на ЦД 1-го типу і 115 хворих на ЦД 2-го типу. Групу порівняння становили 62 хворі на ЦД без гіпотиреозу (з них 27 — із ЦД 1-го типу, 35 — із ЦД 2-го типу). Функціональний стан щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) оцінювали за допомогою визначення базальних концентрацій тиреотропного гормона і вільної фракції тироксину. Результати. Встановлено, що пацієнти із ЦД 2-го типу та гіпотиреозом належали до більш старшої вікової категорії, ніж пацієнти з ЦД 1-го типу та гіпотиреозом. Так, вік пацієнтів у групі хворих на ЦД 1-го типу з гіпотиреозом становив 35,3 ± 9,5 року та у групі хворих на ЦД 2-го типу з гіпотиреозом — 47,6 ± 11,0 року. В усіх групах хворих відсоток жінок був значно вищим за чоловіків. Виявлено вірогідні відмінності щодо показника амплітуди глікемії — його збільшення у хворих на ЦД 1-го типу з гіпотиреозом. При поєднанні ЦД 2-го типу з гіпотиреозом показники ліпідного обміну були вищими, ніж при ЦД 2-го типу без тиреоїдної патології. Це підтверджує вплив гіпотиреозу на ліпідний обмін та обумовлює підвищення ризику прогресування серцево-судинних ускладнень за наявності двох захворювань. Висновки. Серед обстежених хворих гіпотиреоз траплявся у 2,4 раза частіше при ЦД 2-го типу, ніж при ЦД 1-го типу, що свідчить про більше число чинників ризику розвитку супутньої автоімунної патології за умов метаболічних порушень при ЦД 2-го типу. Інсулінорезистентність та гіперінсулінемія, що відзначаються при ЦД 2-го типу, сприяють проліферативним процесам, у тому числі й у тканині ЩЗ, а більш старший вік хворих на ЦД 2-го типу сприяє прогресуванню інволютивних змін і подальшому розвитку гіпофункції ЩЗ. Рекомендується обов’язкове комплексне обстеження хворих на ЦД 2-го типу щодо наявності супутньої тиреоїдної патології.

Prevalence of endocrine disorders among children exposed to Lavender Essential Oil and Tea Tree Essential Oils.

BackgroundLavender essential oil and tea tree essential oil have become popular ingredients in personal care and household products in recent decades. Questions regarding the safety of these oils in pediatric populations have been raised, proposing a link between these essential oils and endocrine disruption in children, specifically prepubertal gynecomastia. To date, no epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate this proposed link.MethodsThis is a cross sectional study conducted among parents of children in the United States to identify the prevalence of endocrine disruption in children aged 2–15 years old. This study also evaluates the potential for a relationship between the exposure of lavender essential oil and tea tree essential oil products and endocrine disrupting outcomes.ResultsIn 556 children with a mean age of 6.33 (SD = 3.92), prevalence of endocrine disruption was .016 (SD = 0.13). No cases of prepubertal gynecomastia were identified in either group, and prevalence of precocious puberty, delayed puberty, growth hormone deficiency, and hypothyroidism were all consistent with population norms. Total risk of endocrine disorders among those exposed (0.0194) did not differ from the risk of those unexposed (0.0069). The risk ratio was 2.796 (95% CI: 0.352, 22.163, P = .458).ConclusionChildren who were regularly exposed to lavender or tea tree essential oils experienced the same risk of endocrine disorders as those who were not exposed.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue treatment of central precocious puberty is not associated with altered prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome: a single center cohort study

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence regarding an association between gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of endocrine disorders, primarily PCOS, between women who had been treated with GnRHa for central precocious puberty (CPP) and those who were not treated.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, including women diagnosed with central precocious puberty between 1989 and 2011 in a university affiliated tertiary medical center. Data collected included demographic data, medical background, clinical presentation at diagnosis and duration of treatment (zero for non-treated). Gynecologic and endocrine long-term outcomes were compared by treatment group.ResultsFifty-one women were included in the study, 27/51 had been treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Overall prevalence of PCOS was 19.6%. No statistically significant difference in prevalence of PCOS was demonstrated between the treated and non-treated groups. Similarly, overall prevalence of either clinical or laboratory hyper-androgenism, was 29.4% and 33.3%, for the treatment and non-treatment groups respectively (p = non-significant).ConclusionsGnRHa treatment for precocious puberty is not associated with increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Frequency and structure of endocrine diseases in young elite athletes

There is no data on the prevalence of endocrine disorders in young elite athletes in Russia.Objective: to assess the prevalence of endocrine pathologies and their structure in children and adolescents involved in elite sport.Materials and methods: the study included data from outpatient records of members of national sports teams, who underwent special medical examination. The data of a random sample of 1081 outpatient cards of young athletes, for 26 sports, were analyzed.Results: we found a high prevalence of endocrine pathology (18.6 %) in children and adolescents involved in high-performance sports. Thyroid diseases are most the most frequent in young athletes (in 57.3 % of cases). On second place is obesity (12.3 %). The frequency of weight deficiency and short stature is 8.4 % each. Autoimmune thyroiditis occupies a leading place in the structure of thyroid pathology in young elite athletes. Subclinical hypothyroidism takes the second place, and nodular goiter — the third place.Conclusion: young elite athletes are characterized by a high frequency of endocrine pathology, the leading place in which is occupied by thyroid diseases. It is necessary to further studies aimed at assessing the mechanisms of hormonal adaptation in elite young athletes to assess their impact on the development of the child and the correct interpretation of the hormonal profile obtained during a special medical examination.

Prevalence of endocrine disorders in obese patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The increasing prevalence of obesity is expected to promote the demand for endocrine testing. To facilitate evidence guided testing, we aimed to assess the prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity. The review was carried out as part of the Endocrine Work-up for the Obesity Guideline of the European Society of Endocrinology. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and COCHRANE Library for original articles assessing the prevalence of hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, hypogonadism (males) or hyperandrogenism (females) in patients with obesity. Data were pooled in a random-effects logistic regression model and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Sixty-eight studies were included, concerning a total of 19.996 patients with obesity. The pooled prevalence of overt (newly diagnosed or already treated) and subclinical hypothyroidism was 14.0% (95% CI: 9.7-18.9) and 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2-20.9), respectively. Pooled prevalence of hypercortisolism was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3-1.6). Pooled prevalence of hypogonadism when measuring total testosterone or free testosterone was 42.8% (95% CI: 37.6-48.0) and 32.7% (95% CI: 23.1-43.0), respectively. Heterogeneity was high for all analyses. The prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity is considerable, although the underlying mechanisms are complex. Given the cross-sectional design of the studies included, no formal distinction between endocrine causes and consequences of obesity could be made.

Pediatric endocrinology practice in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward

The prevalence of endocrine disorders in children in Nigeria is not well known. Therefore the burden of these diseases is often overlooked as most cases are undiagnosed or diagnosed too late; and yet they constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. There has been a paucity of Paediatric Endocrinologists, absence of laboratory equipments and even drugs for the treatment of these diseases are often not in stock. The desired attention these endocrine diseases should receive from both health care institutions and the government is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review article was to highlight the challenges facing the practice of Paediatric endocrinology in Nigeria and to proffer a way forward to building a robust endocrine care services in health institutions in Nigeria.

Prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors in South Korea: A nationwide population-based, longitudinal study.

e21517 Background: Brain tumors are the most common solid cancers in child patients with a current expected 5-year overall survival rate of 73%. Also, patients with brain cancer tend to have a high rate of neuroendocrine disorders. These endocrine problems may have a significant negative effect on quality of life and treatment compliance. Methods: The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors using claims data in South Korea. We confirmed endocrine disorders in a nationwide cohort of 1,058 patients who were diagnosed with brain tumor between January 1, 2009 and March 29, 2016 and who survived > 2 years after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate association between demographic and treatment related variables and the prevalence of endocrine disorders. Results: After a median follow-up of 60.0 months, a total of 393 (37.1%) patients were diagnosed with at least one endocrine disorder. The median follow-up time from primary brain tumor diagnosis to diagnosis of first endocrine disorders was 26.3 months (range, 0.06 to 96.7). Of those patients, 333 childhood brain tumor survivors were diagnosed with endocrine disorders during their first 5 years after diagnosis. The overall frequency of endocrine disorders peaked during 2 months after the cancer diagnosis. The most common endocrine disorders were pituitary dysfunction (21.9%), thyroidal disease (6.1%), precocious puberty (4.6%), and growth hormone deficiency (4.3%). Female patients were at a higher risk for endocrine disorders (odds ratio: 1.45, p = 0.005). The patients with radiotherapy were more likely to have endocrine disorders compared without radiotherapy (odds ratio: 1.79, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors was high and showed different patterns of prevalence depending on the nature of disease and time sequence. In childhood brain tumor survivors who are risk of endocrine disorders, regular assessment of endocrine function and timely intervention were needed. [Table: see text]

A Prediction Modeling for Endocrine Disorders in Korean Elderly

The aim of the present study was to analyze the factors that affects the Endocrine Disorders in Korean elderly. Data were from the A Study on the Seoul Welfare Panel Study 2010. Subjects were 2111 persons (879 male, 1,232 female) aged 60 and older living in the community. Dependent variable was defined as prevalence of endocrine disorders. Explanatory variables were included as gender, level of education, household income, employment status, marital status, drinking, smoking, subjective reported body type, subjective health status, physical activity, experience of Stress, and depression. In the neural network algorithm analysis, level of education and subjective health status were significantly associated with endocrine disorders in Korean elderly. Based on this result, systematic programs are required in order to prevention of endocrine disorders.

Self-reported endocrine late effects in adults treated for brain tumours, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a registry based study in Northern Germany.

Due to the increasing success and survival rates in the primary treatment of malignancies derived from the CNS as well as the hematopoietic system, endocrine late effects of cancer and its therapy are of growing importance. Despite evaluation of these late effects in patients treated for cancer in childhood, the impact on adults remains largely unclear. 1035 adult patients primarily diagnosed with a CNS malignancy, a Hodgkin (HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) between 1998 and 2008 were recruited via the regional epidemiological cancer registry covering ∼ 2.8 million inhabitants in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Northern Germany. The prevalence of endocrine disorders and current psychosocial impairment was assessed employing several questionnaires (SF-36v1, WHO-5). Fully completed questionnaires of 558 patients were available for subsequent analysis showing markedly reduced overall performance and psychological status when compared to German reference data. Thyroid disorders were reported in 16.3% of patients with 10.4% suffering from hypo- and 5.9% from hyperthyroidism. Overall, 17.6% stated to be affected by diabetes mellitus with an increased rate of 21.1% among NHL patients and 11.5% of participants were affected by osteoporosis. Compared to German population based studies on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and thyroid disorders the frequency of all these endocrine problems was significantly increased in CNS, HL, and NHL cancer survivors. These data confirm that not only children and adolescents but also adult cancer patients are at risk for therapy associated endocrine late effects.

Development of Prediction Model for Endocrine Disorders in the Korean Elderly Using CART Algorithm

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the factors that affect endocrine disorders in the Korean elderly. The data were taken from the A Study of the Seoul Welfare Panel Study 2010. The subjects were 2111 people (879 males, 1,232 females) aged 60 and older living in the community. The dependent variable was defined as the prevalence of endocrine disorders. The explanatory variables were gender, level of education, household income, employment status, marital status, drinking, smoking, BMI, subjective health status, physical activity, experience of stress, and depression. In the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm analysis, subjective health status, BMI, education level, and household income were significantly associated with endocrine disorders in the Korean elderly. The most preferentially involved predictor was subjective health status. The development of guidelines and health education to prevent endocrine disorders is required for taking multiple risk factors into account.