Prevalence Of Elevated Blood Pressure Research Articles

National, regional and provincial prevalence of childhood hypertension in China in 2020: a systematic review and modelling study.

Childhood hypertension is a growing health concern in China. Accurate estimation of prevalence is essential but challenging due to the variability of blood pressure and the need for multiple occasions for confirmation. This study aimed to estimate the national, regional, and provincial prevalence of childhood hypertension in China in 2020. For this systematic review and modelling study, we did a comprehensive literature search of epidemiological studies reporting the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) or hypertension among Chinese children (aged 18 years or younger) that were published between Jan 1, 1990 and June 20, 2024 in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database. EBP was defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to the 95th percentile on a single occasion, and childhood hypertension as blood pressure greater than or equal to the 95th percentile consistently across three occasions. First, we estimated the prevalence of childhood EBP using a multi-level mixed-effects meta-regression and the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with childhood EBP through random-effects meta-analysis. Second, the ratio of childhood EBP to childhood hypertension was calculated via random-effects meta-analysis, based on which the national and regional prevalence of childhood hypertension was imputed. Finally, we derived the provincial prevalence of childhood hypertension using an associated factor-based model. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024537570). We identified 8872 records, of which 134 articles covering 22 431 861 children were included. In 2020, the overall prevalence of hypertension among Chinese children aged 6-18 years was 3·11% (95% CI 2·35-4·04), equivalent to 6·80 million (5·13-8·83) affected children. The prevalence of childhood hypertension ranged from 2·25% (1·54-2·75) for children aged 6 years to 2·01% (1·36-3·37) for those aged 18 years, peaking at 3·84% (2·97-4·94) for those aged 14 years. The overall prevalence was higher in boys (3·34% [2·53-4·35]) than in girls (2·85% [2·13-3·69]). Associations between four factors (overweight, obesity, salted food intake, and family history of hypertension) and childhood EBP were graded as highly suggestive evidence. This study reveals substantial regional and provincial variations in the prevalence of childhood hypertension in China. Our findings could inform targeted public health initiatives and optimise resource allocation to address this public health concern. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72104211 and 82273654) and the Chao Kuang Piu High-tech Development Fund (2022RC019). For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Disparities in the Cardiometabolic Impact of Adiposity among African American and Hispanic Adolescents.

As adiposity increases in youth, so does the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The etiology of adiposity-based chronic disease and CMRFs includes ethnoracial disparities that are rarely considered in current treatment approaches. Precision interventions require further characterization of these disparities among high-risk youth. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in CMRF among African American (AA) and Hispanic (H) adolescents with varying levels of adiposity. A cross-sectional analysis of 2284 adolescents aged 12-17 was conducted using 3-year clinical data from Lifedoc Health. CMRF prevalence were compared using χ2, with logistic regression models (LRM) applied to explore the relationships between exposures (age, sex, ethnoracial group, adiposity) and CMRF outcomes. Prevalence of CMRF rose with increasing adiposity, which was the strongest determinant of risk overall. However, individual risk profiles differed between the two groups, with H having higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), higher triglycerides and liver enzymes, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Meanwhile, AA had higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) in the overweight category, prediabetes in overweight to severe obesity, and type 2 diabetes in obesity. LRM showed 3.0-fold greater chance of impaired glucose metabolism in AA than H, who were 1.7, 5.9, and 8.3 times more likely to have low HDL-c, high liver enzymes, and high triglycerides, respectively. Overweight/obesity prevalence was very high among AA and H adolescents. Excess adiposity was associated with an increased prevalence of CMRF, with individual risk factors differing between groups as adiposity increased. Research within routine clinical settings is required to better characterize these discrepancies and ameliorate their adverse impact on health in the transition to adulthood.

Abstract MP19: Hypertension Prevalence Among Youth aged 8–19 years in a National Survey — United States, 2017–2020

Hypertension in youth tracks into adulthood and has long-term negative health effects. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics released new Clinical Practice Guidelines on pediatric hypertension. The guidelines updated blood pressure (BP) thresholds and age-sex-height percentile references for youth 1–17 years. Pediatric hypertension prevalence estimates since the new guideline are lacking. This study aims to provide the latest nationally representative prevalence estimates of elevated BP and hypertension in youth aged 8–19 years, total and stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) category. For adolescents aged 13–17 years, both percentile-based thresholds and adult BP thresholds are available in the guidelines. We therefore compared adult BP thresholds for elevated BP (120–129/<80 mmHg) and hypertension (≥130/≥80 mmHg) with percentile thresholds in adolescents. We used data from 2017–March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to obtain a sample of 2600 youth after excluding those with no BMI or BP measures. Prevalence estimates of elevated BP and hypertension were 8.7% (95% CI: 6.9-10.6) and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.0-6.7), respectively. Estimates were higher among males and increased with age (Table). Youth with severe obesity had the highest prevalence of hypertension. Hispanic youth had the lowest prevalence of elevated BP. In adolescents, elevated BP prevalence was similar using percentile thresholds (11.9%, 95% CI: 9.3-15.1) and the adult threshold (10.8%, 95% CI: 8.5-13.7). Hypertension prevalence in adolescents was also similar for percentile thresholds (4.8%, 95% CI: 3.1-7.6) and the adult threshold (4.8%, 95% CI: 2.0-7.5). Our findings suggest ongoing concern of elevated BP and hypertension among youth in the US. Either percentile or adult based thresholds for determining high BP could be used among adolescents by researchers. Knowledge of current national estimates can inform policies and interventions to support cardiovascular health in youth.

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan: insights of the nationwide population-based survey in 2018

BackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for a substantial number of deaths in Afghanistan. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of major NCD risk factors could provide a benchmark for future public health policies and programs to prevent and control NCDs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of NCD risk factors among adults aged 18–69 years in Afghanistan.MethodsWe used data from the Afghanistan STEPS Survey 2018. The study population were 3650 (1896 males and 1754 females) adults aged 18–69 years sampled from all 34 provinces through a multistage cluster sampling process. Information on behavioural and biological risk factors was collected. We used STATA (version 18.0) for data analysis.ResultsOf the total participants, 42.8% were overweight or obese, 8.6% were current smokers, 26.9% had insufficient physical activities, 82.6% had low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and only 0.5% had ever consumed alcohol. Approximately 15% of participants had a high salt intake, while 25% and 8% had elevated blood pressure and blood glucose levels, respectively. Similarly, around 18% had elevated total cholesterol. The study revealed a lower prevalence of current smoking among females [AOR = 0.17, 95%CI (0.09–0.30)] compared with males, but a higher prevalence in those who had higher education levels [1.95 (1.13–3.36)] compared with those with no formal education. Insufficient physical activity was higher in participants aged 45–69 years [1.96 (1.39–2.76)], females [4.21 (1.98–8.84)], and urban residents [2.38 (1.46–3.88)] but lower in those with higher education levels [0.60 (0.37–0.95)]. Participants in the 25th to 75th wealth percentiles had higher odds of low fruit and vegetable consumption [2.11 (1.39–3.21)], while those in the > 75th wealth percentile had lower odds of high salt intake [0.63 (0.41–0.98)]. Being overweight/obese was more prevalent in participants aged 45–69 years [1.47 (1.03–2.11)], females [1.42 (0.99–2.01)], currently married [3.56 (2.42–5.21)] or ever married [5.28 (2.76–10.11)], and urban residents [1.39 (1.04–1.86)]. Similarly, high waist circumference was more prevalent in participants aged 45–69 years [1.86 (1.21–2.86)], females [5.91 (4.36–8.00)], those being currently married [4.82 (3.12–7.46)], and those being in 25th to 75th wealth percentile [1.76 (1.27–2.43)]. A high prevalence of elevated blood pressure was observed in participants aged 45–69 years [3.60 (2.44–5.31)] and currently married [2.31 (1.24–4.31)] or ever married [6.13 (2.71–13.8)] participants. Elevated blood glucose was more prevalent in older adults ([1.92 (1.09–3.39)] for 45–69 and [3.45 (2.44–5.31)] for 30–44 years), urban residents [2.01 (1.33–3.03)], and ever-married participants [4.89 (1.48–16.2)]. A higher prevalence of elevated cholesterol was observed in females [2.68 (1.49–4.82)] and those currently married [2.57 (1.17–5.63)] or ever married [4.24 (1.31–13.73)].ConclusionThis study used up-to-date available data from a nationally representative sample and identified the prevalence of NCDs and associated risk factors in Afghanistan. Our findings have the potential to inform and influence health policies by identifying people at high risk of developing NCDs and can assist policymakers, health managers, and clinicians to design and implement targeted health interventions.

Anthropometry for predicting cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adolescents.

Early screening prevents chronic diseases by identifying at-risk adolescents through anthropometric measurements, but predictive value in diverse groups is uncertain. A cross-sectional analysis of 12- to 19-year-old individuals from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) assessed the predictive ability of BMI percentile, total body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) for four cardiometabolic risk factors across race and ethnicity groups using receiver operating characteristic curves. The unweighted sample (N = 1194; 51.2% male individuals; 23.7% Hispanic, 13.2% non-Hispanic Black [NHB], 51.1% non-Hispanic White [NHW], 12.0% other/multirace) had a weighted prevalence of elevated blood pressure of 2.7%, hyperglycemia of 36.8%, hypertriglyceridemia of 4.8%, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 15%. WHR (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77), WC (AUC = 0.77), and BMI percentile (AUC = 0.73) outperformed total body fat percentage (AUC = 0.56) in predicting elevated blood pressure (p < 0.001 for all). BMI percentile was more accurate than total body fat percentage in predicting hypertriglyceridemia (AUC = 0.70 vs. 0.59; p = 0.02) and low HDL cholesterol (AUC = 0.69 vs. 0.59; p < 0.001). Race and ethnicity-based predictions varied: NHW adolescents had the highest AUC (0.89; p < 0.01) for elevated blood pressure prediction compared with Hispanic and NHB adolescents (AUC = 0.77 for both). Total body fat percentage was more accurate in predicting low HDL cholesterol among Hispanic versus NHW adolescents (AUC = 0.73 vs. 0.58; p = 0.04). WHR, WC, and BMI percentile are better predictors of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents than total body fat percentage. Predictive abilities differed by race and ethnicity, highlighting the importance of tailored risk assessment strategies.

Cardiovascular risk assessment of the general population at a community pharmacy setting

Background: The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) suggests the need for early detection of risks. This study assessed the outcomes of community pharmacy-based screening for CVD risks and the association of sociodemographic characteristics with health parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy consumers of community pharmacy services aged 18 and above. Interventions included the measurement of blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, height/weight, visceral fat, and CVD risks. Study endpoints were outcomes of community pharmacy-based screenings and the association of sociodemographics with health parameters. Results: A high prevalence of elevated blood pressure 212 (53.1%), high visceral fat 167 (41.8%), high waist-to-hip ratio 176 (44.1%), and high body mass index (BMI) 251 (62.9%) were observed among the 400 study participants. Of the 152 (38.0%) with CVD risks, 84 (55.3%) had a medium risk. Age was statistically significant for CVD risks, blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI. Occupation was statistically significant for CVD risks and heart rate. Marital status was significantly associated with CVD risk. Conclusion: Several outcomes were observed, including a high prevalence of hypertension, high BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and overall medium CVD risks. These findings suggest the need for increased and targeted educational interventions.

Influence of Aortic Arch Morphology on Renal Perfusion in Patients with Coarctation of the Aorta: An Exploratory Study.

Objectives: The configuration of the aortic arch, particularly a Gothic arch shape, in individuals with corrected coarctation of the aorta (CoA) has been associated with a decreased systolic wave amplitude across the arch, which could potentially impair renal perfusion and elevate the risk of arterial hypertension. This study aims to explore the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the aortic arch and their impact on renal perfusion in patients with CoA. Methods: Seventy-one subjects with corrected CoA underwent continuous 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, computed tomography to assess the aortic arch, and renal perfusion scanning. Subjects were stratified into three groups based on the height-to-width (H/W) ratio of their aortic arch: Group 1 with a H/W ratio of <0.65, Group 2 with a H/W ratio between 0.65 and 0.85, and Group 3 with a H/W ratio of >0.85. Results: Groups 1 and 2 (53,78% and 62.63%) presented with a higher hypertension prevalence of elevated blood pressure than Group 3 (38.89%). Notable variations were observed among the subjects in the time to peak perfusion (Tmax) in the left kidney across the groups. Group 1 showed a median Tmax at 0.27, Group 2 at 0.13, and Group 3 at -0.38 (p-value = 0.079). The differences in Tmax for the right kidney followed a similar trend but were not statistically significant (Group 1 at 0.61, Group 2 at 0.22, and Group 3 at 0.11; p-value = 0.229). Conclusions: This study suggests that variations in the aortic arch morphology might not significantly influence renal perfusion in CoA patients. This indicates the potential adaptability of the renal blood flow, which appears to compensate for reduced perfusion, thus minimizing adverse effects on the kidney function. This adaptability suggests an inherent physiological resilience, emphasizing the need for further targeted research to understand the specific interactions and impacts on treatment strategies for CoA.

Assessing the impact of annual health screenings in identifying noncommunicable disease risk factors within Qatar’s primary health care corporation Qatari registered population

BackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant global health burden, including in Qatar, where cardiovascular diseases cause mortality. This study examines the outcomes of the annual health checkup implemented by the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar in detecting NCDs risk factors among Qataris aged 18+ years.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was implemented to calculate the prevalence of behavioural and metabolic NCDs risk factors among Qataris who underwent annual health checkups between 2017 and 2019. Data on age, gender, tobacco consumption, height, weight, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and cholesterol levels were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsIn 2019, Qatar experienced an 80% rise in Annual Health checkups attendance compared to 2017. Tobacco use fluctuated between 11.79 and 12.91%, peaking at 35.67% among males in 2018. Qataris with elevated blood pressure dropped from 29.44% in 2017 to 18.52% in 2019. Obesity decreased from 48.32 to 42.29%, more prevalent in females. High HbA1c levels reduced from 13.33 to 8.52%, while pre-diabetic levels rose from 21.1 to 25.52%. High cholesterol ranged from 7.31 to 9.47%. In a regression analysis, males had 2.28 times higher odds of elevated blood pressure and 1.54 times higher odds of high HbA1c, with a 0.68 lower odds of obesity compared to females. Ages 36 and above had 2.61 times higher odds of high cholesterol compared to younger age groups.ConclusionThe annual health screening has shown promising results in detecting and addressing NCDs risk factors among Qataris. The attendance rate has increased over the three-year period, and there has been a decrease in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, obesity, and high HbA1c levels. However, tobacco consumption and pre-diabetic levels remain significant concerns. These findings can guide the implementation of tailored preventative and curative services to improve the health and well-being of the Qatari population.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes in Children

In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a new clinical practice guideline for defining hypertension in children as an update to the previous Fourth Report guidelines issued in 2004. Prevalence of confirmed pediatric hypertension in children has ranged from 2% to 4% based on previous guidelines yet it is unknown what the prevalence is under the new guideline. We estimated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, stage 1, and stage 2 hypertension by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline in our school-based blood pressure screening program. New prevalence estimates were compared with Fourth Report prevalence estimates in the same population by sex, age, and height factors. In 22 224 students aged 10 to 17 years screened in school as part of the Houston Pediatric and Hypertension Program at the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (previously called prehypertension) increased from 14.8% by Fourth Report to 16.3% by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline. This increase in elevated blood pressure resulted from differential classification changes in younger and older children. Prevalence of confirmed hypertension remains at 2% to 4% in this population, however shorter children &lt;13 years old and taller, older children 13+ years old are systematically more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension by new guidelines..

IJCM_125A: Prevalence of hypertension and obesity among adolescents: a school based, cross sectional study in Aligarh

Background: Hypertension is a serious medical condition and cause of premature death worldwide, with upwards of 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women having the condition. Overweight and obesity are major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon). Recent literature suggests hypertension and obesity to be a rising health problem not only in adults but also in adolescents. The early identification and effective management of hypertension and obesity in children and adolescents is key primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity and their associated factors among school going adolescents in Aligarh. Methodology: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out among 569 school students of Class-V to XII studying at schools of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was collected using a predesigned, structured questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using digital blood pressure apparatus wit age appropriate cuffs and hypertension was defined using the American Academy of Paediatrics 2017 criteria. BMI was calculated using the standard formula, weight (kg)/height2 (m2), and values were compared with the WHO growth charts. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS 20.0 software. To study frequency distribution and sociodemographic characteristics, descriptive statistics were carried out. Chi square and other appropriate tests were applied. Results: In this study 569 adolescents were participated, of which 324 (56.9%) were males. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 10.7% and hypertension was 18.5%. The prevalence of obesity was 2.6%. Male gender, family history of hypertension, overweight/obesity are significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Approximately one fifth of the participants in this study had hypertension, highlighting the need for intervention including lifestyle modification and active case finding.

IJCM_139A: Prevalence of Hypertension among the Urban Adolescents: A Prospective Robust Survey

Background: Childhood Blood pressure (BP) is a strong indicator of adult blood pressure (BP), hence, early detection and intervention is important in adolescents. Studies from China and United States have shown BP in adolescents to be variable and has indeed outlined the need to obtain three separate readings before diagnosing hypertension. There is a dearth of this documentation of blood pressure readings at different occasions in adolescents from the Indian settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among 10-18 years school going adolescents. Methodology: This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted across the five urban schools of Bhopal amongst 10-18 years adolescents. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted to cover an estimated sample size of 780 over a one-year period. Those adolescents who were present during the time of survey following their parent’s consent were included. Those who were absent at two occasions during the follow up visit and those who were diagnosed with secondary hypertension were excluded. Those who satisfied the study criteria were given a self-administered WHO STEPS questionnaire initially. The height and weight were obtained followed by measurement of three auscultatory BP readings at an interval of one week apart (American Academy of paediatrics (Updated guidelines 2017) in each student. The R shiny app calculator was used for classifying hypertension in adolescents. The study was funded by AIIMS Bhopal and ethical clearance was obtained from the institute. Results: The overall prevalence of elevated BP/hypertension in adolescents was 1.4% (N=795). There was a positive correlation between BMI and (SBP &amp; DBP). The generalised linear mixed model showed age, BMI and boys to have higher predisposition to elevated BP/HTN. There was a significant difference in the SBP and DBP between the 3 visits stratified by sex. Also, the change in SBP and DBP between the readings were significant by ANOVA. Conclusion: The prevalence of elevated BP/HTN was 1.4% with girls being protective for girls. The study cannot be generalised as it is limited to the Government schools with relatively small sample size.

Reproductive Urology Consultation Is an Opportunity to Evaluate for Medical Comorbidity: The Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity at Fertility Evaluation.

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP), hypertension (HTN), and obesity among men presenting for fertility evaluation. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all men presenting for male infertility consultation at a single institution from 2000 to 2018. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were abstracted from the electronic health record, and EBP/HTN was defined according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines (systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg). Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of men with and without EBP/HTN or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and logistic regression was utilized to determine associations with EBP/HTN. Results Among 4,127 men, 1,370 (33.2%) had a recorded SBP and DBP within one year of their initial visit. EBP/HTN was noted in 857 (62.6%) men. A total of 249 (18.2%) men were obese, 863 (63.0%) were non-obese, and 258 (18.8%) did not have BMI recorded. HTN and obesity were jointly present in 195 (17.5%) men. There was no significant difference in age, ethnicity, or total motile sperm count between men with and without EBP/HTN. On multivariable analysis, BMI was significantly associated with EBP/HTN (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.18, p < 0.001). Conclusion More than half of men presenting for initial fertility consultation have either EBP, obesity, or both. Reproductive urologists should consider routinely screening for these conditions and encourage men to seek further evaluation and treatment, when appropriate.

Habitual food consumption, eating behavior and meal-timing among Jordanian adults with elevated Blood pressure: a cross-sectional population-based study

Background The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) has been raised worldwide. Food consumption, eating habits, and nutritional lifestyle related to meal timing, skipping meals, and meal contents have recently received more attention in studies on BP and metabolic syndrome. Purpose: This study evaluated the association between habitual food consumption, eating behavior, and meal timing with BP among Jordanian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study included 771 Jordanian adults. A food frequency questionnaire was completed. Data about eating habits, meal timing, and emotional eating were collected. BP was measured. Results The prevalence of less than recommended intake of vegetables, milk, protein, and fruits was higher in participants with elevated BP (69.2%, 90.2%, 58.9%, and 25.5%, respectively) as compared to the normal BP group (p < 0.001). Consuming vegetables and milk less than the recommended was reported to significantly increase the likelihood of elevated BP by OR= (1.60, and 2.75 (95%CI: 1.06-2.40; 1.62-4.66). Hence, consuming more than recommended fruit reduced the risk of elevated BP by OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 0.38-0.82). A 63.2% of elevated BP participants have three meals daily, a higher percentage of intake of one (23.5%) and two (45.7%) snacks. However, they had a higher percentage of morning eaters (50.7%), had lunch between 1:00-6:00 PM (92.7%), and had dinner between 6:00 and 9:00 PM (68.1%). Conclusions Although Jordanian adults with elevated BP appear to have healthy eating habits and meal timing and frequency, their habitual food consumption falls short of the daily recommendations for milk, fruits, vegetables, and protein.

Moderating role of functional/ mobility limitations in the association between sleep problems and hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in India

Hypertension has become a global health concern and is recognized as an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There are very limited studies in India and worldwide focused on sleep problems, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL) and mobility limitations, and their discrete and combined effects on hypertension. Therefore, this study examined whether sleep problems are associated with hypertension, and whether the association is more pronounced among middle-aged and older adults with functional/mobility limitations. This study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1, 2017–18, with a total sample of 59,951 adults aged 45 years and above. Log-binomial regression, and interaction terms were used to assess the relationship between sleep problems and hypertension, and the moderating effect of functional/mobility limitations. Respondents with sleep problems had a 29 % higher prevalence of hypertension [PR (prevalence ratio): 1.29; CI (confidence interval): 1.20–1.39]. Those with ADL and IADL limitations had 20 % [PR: 1.20; CI: 1.09–1.32] and 9 % [PR: 1.09; CI: 1.00–1.18] greater prevalence of hypertension. Interaction analysis revealed that individuals with ADL, IADL, and mobility limitations had 58 %, 52 %, and 45 % higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively, and was especially pronounced among women. Our findings highlight that improved sleep can reduce the prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged and older adults. Individuals with functional/mobility limitations may need additional care and support from their family members or the community, which could lower the prevalence of elevated blood pressure due to their sleep problems.

Prevalence of High Blood Pressure, Risks Factors, and Knowledge Deficit in Apparently Healthy College Students

Background: College students are assumed to be generally healthy, thus, elevated blood pressure can be easily missed in this population. However, recent research on college students has demonstrated increasing rates of elevated blood pressure. Situations that increase risk of elevated BP include higher levels of stress related to college education as well as other common stress producing events in life. Additionally, college students may engage in behaviors that increase risk such as eating poor diets, drinking alcohol, and not exercising regularly. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and risk factors in undergraduate college students and develop a campus wide educational initiative. Methods: Undergraduate students at a faith-based, Midwestern university (n = 138) participated in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, standardized BP measurements, risk factors, and perceived stress levels were collected via a Google form and in-person assessments. Results: Fifty-two percent of college students had an elevated systolic blood pressure, and 30% had elevated diastolic blood pressure. Male students had significantly higher systolic (X2 = 101.343, p = .005) and diastolic blood pressure readings (X2 = 144.44, p &lt; .001) compared to female students. There was no association between year in school and stress levels (X2 = 315.83, p = .102). Stress and systolic blood pressure were not correlated (r = .121, p = .180) nor were stress and diastolic blood pressure (r = .075, p = .408). Following the educational initiative, 96% of students (n = 91) were able to accurately define elevated blood pressure, risk factors for hypertension, and strategies to lower blood pressure. Conclusions: It is vital that blood pressure assessments become a priority for college students. These assessments must be followed by interventions aimed at reducing blood pressure levels, stress, and risk factors related to hypertension to prevent the long-term effects of cardiovascular disease. Healthcare providers on college campuses, including and perhaps most effectively students in health-related fields, should be involved in working with this population to increase awareness and screening efforts.

Prevalence of hypertension and high-normal blood pressure among young adults in Zimbabwe: findings from a large, cross-sectional population-based survey

Hypertension is the greatest driver of cardiovascular mortality and onset might be in youth. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for elevated blood pressure (hypertension ≥140 mm Hg systolic, ≥90 mm Hg diastolic, or both) and high-normal blood pressure (130-139 mm Hg systolic, 85-89 mm Hg diastolic, or both) among youth in Zimbabwe. A population-based, cross-sectional survey of randomly sampled youth aged 18-24 years from 24 urban and peri-urban communities in three provinces (Harare, Bulawayo, and Mashonaland East) in Zimbabwe was conducted between Oct 4, 2021, and June 2, 2022. Standardised questionnaires were used by research assistants to collect sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical data. Height, bodyweight, and blood pressure were recorded. Three seated blood pressure measurements were taken at standardised timepoints during participant interview using a digital sphygmomanometer and cuffs sized on mid-upper arm circumference. The association of potential risk factors with elevated blood pressure was examined using multivariable logistic regression. 17 682 (94·4%) of 18 729 eligible participants were recruited, 17 637 (99·7%) of whom had complete data, and 16 883 (95·7%) of whom were included in the final study sample after excluding 754 (4·3%) pregnant women. The median age was 20 years (IQR 19-22), 9973 (59·1%) participants were female, and 6910 (40·9%) were male. The prevalence of hypertension was 7·4% (95% CI 7·0-7·8) and high-normal blood pressure was 12·2% (11·7-12·7). Overall, prevalence of hypertension was higher in men (8·7% [95% CI 8·2-9·6]) than in women (6·6% [6·0-6·9]), but with age increased to similar levels (at age 18 years 7·3% [6·2-8·6] and 4·3% [3·5-5·2]; at age 23-24 years 10·9% [9·3-12·6] and 9·5% [8·4-10·7] in men and women, respectively). After adjusting for factors associated with hypertension in the crude analysis, hypertension was associated with male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1·53 [95% CI 1·36-1·74]), increasing age (age 19-20 years 1·20 [1·00-1·44]; age 21-22 years 1·45 [1·20-1·75]; age 23-24 years 1·90 [1·57-2·30], vs age 18 years), and BMI of 30·0 kg/m2 or more (1·94 [1·53-2·47] vs 18·5-24·9 kg/m2). A BMI of 18·5 kg/m2 or less (0·79 [0·63-0·98] vs 18·5-24·9 kg/m2) and living with HIV (0·71 [0·55-0·92]) were associated with lower odds of hypertension. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure is high among urban and peri-urban youth in Zimbabwe and increases rapidly with age. Further research is needed to understand drivers of blood pressure elevation and the extent of target organ damage in youth in Zimbabwe and similar sub-Saharan African settings, to guide implementation of prevention and management strategies. Wellcome Trust.

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Its Relationship With Anthropometric Risk Factors in Students of a Pre-university Girls' College in Bangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background There is a growing concern regarding elevated blood pressure in adolescence. Children and adolescents with high blood pressure are at risk for adult hypertension. Being overweight and obese are important risk factors for hypertension. This study aimed to determinethe prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its association with anthropometric risk factors among students of a pre-university girls' college. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 students at a pre-university girls' college aged 15-19 years in urban Bangalore. A self-administered, semi-structured, pretested questionnaire collected the sociodemographic details, family history, and lifestyle. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. Standard cut-off levels were used for body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Resting blood pressure was determined using a digital blood pressure monitor. It was classified into normotensive, pre-hypertension (>90th to <95th percentile), and hypertension (>95th percentile). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Pre-hypertension and hypertension were considered as having elevated blood pressure. Results The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 21.4% (n = 72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.0-25.7) and 9.8% (n = 33, 95% CI = 6.6-13.0), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 20.2% (n = 68, 95% CI = 15.9-24.5) and obesity was 12.2% (n = 41, 95% CI = 8.7-15.7). WC, WHR, and WHtR were abnormal in 34.7% (n = 117, 95% CI = 29.6-39.8), 47.5% (n = 160, 95% CI = 42.1-52.8), and 45.7% (n = 154, 95% CI = 50.4-51.0), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation betweensystolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), and WHtR (p < 0.001), as well asdiastolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p = 0.008), and WHtR (p = 0.011). Statistically significant differences in mean BMI (p = 0.004), WC (p < 0.001), WHR (p = 0.007), and WHtR (p = 0.001) between normal, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive students were also noted. Conclusions Pre-hypertension and hypertension are fundamental problems in pre-university girl students. With a similarly increased prevalence of obesity and other anthropometric risk factors, students must be aware of hypertension and its risk factors.

A study of sleep duration, body mass index and blood pressure in an adult Kashmiri population

Background: Sleep is influenced by the circadian rhythms (regular body changes in mental and physical characteristics that occur in the course of about 24 hours). Lack of a good night’s sleep results in a variety of negative health and cognitive issues, which makes it critical to study the prevalence of sleep deficiency and its effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. Aim of study was to access the association of sleep duration with body mass index and blood pressure in an adult Kashmiri population. Methods: The present study was done in the Postgraduate Department of Physiology, Government Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Srinagar. This study was done on 500 subjects and it was an observational, cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obese among short sleepers was quite high at 34.4% as compared to 11.7% and 15.2% among normal sleepers and long sleepers respectively. Among short sleepers 0% participants were hypotensive 47.5% were normotensive, 52.4% were prehypertensive/hypertensive. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obese subjects among short sleepers. There was an inverse relationship of prevalence of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure with short sleep duration. Our study also showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of prehypertension/hypertension among overweight/obese people with a p value of &lt;0.001 and CHI square of 43.964.

Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children. To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0-21 years) and identify knowledge gaps. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000-2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data. 179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors. South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.

Abstract 18937: High Prevalence of Pediatric Hypertension is Associated With Social Determinants of Health Including Childhood Opportunity Index

Background: Pediatric Hypertension(HTN) is a significant public health concern. The risk for adult HTN and end-organ damage begins in childhood. Patient factors such as social determinants of health (SDOH), including the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) and how they impact the prevalence of pediatric HTN are poorly understood. Hypothesis: Elevated blood pressure (BP) and BP in the hypertensive range are prevalent in pediatric patients. SDOH factors are associated with high BP(elevated BP or BP in the hypertensive range). Methods: Patients seen in primary care at Nemours Children’s Health (NCH) between 6-17 years formed the cohort and various SDOH factors including COI were analyzed. Results: 95,627 patients aged 6-17 years seen at NCH from DE and PA formed the cohort between August 2017 and September 2022. Children with developmental delay, anxiety, ADHD were excluded. The overall prevalence of elevated BP was 9.5% and BP in hypertensive range was 2.8% based on the definition from the American Academy of Pediatrics 2017 HTN guidelines. A multivariable analysis showed factors associated with having a high BP were living in DE(P&lt;0.001), non-English speaking(P&lt;0.001), non-white race(P=0.03), being on public insurance(P&lt;0.001), Male gender(P&lt;0.001), older age(P&lt;0.001), and low COI(P&lt;0.001) with a C statistic of 0.77. Conclusions: Elevated BP and BP in the hypertensive range are prevalent across pediatric patients. Various SDOH factors are associated with having a high BP including COI, which indicates the vulnerability of certain populations to having high BP and development of adult HTN and future cardiovascular risk. Understanding these SDOH factors could help recognize and treat pediatric patients with HTN.