Prevalence Of Domestic Violence Research Articles

COVID 19 and violence in Pregnant women: A short review

Introduction: COVID 19 pandemic made pregnant women more likely to experience domestic violence due to its unique circumstances and the unpreparedness of the health care systems. Event that led to increased episodes of violence. Purpose: This review aims to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and violence in pregnancy. Methodology: Recent articles between the period 2019 to 2023 were included after searching Medline, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: The results spotted out that COVID-19 increased the prevalence of domestic violence comparatively to the period before the Pandemic due to lockdown which led the couples spending more time together and the lowest incomes. It also showed that there were negative impacts in both pregnant women and fetus, such as miscarriages and psychological impacts to women. While highlighted the need of better organized health care systems and public awareness. Conclusions: Public awareness and more supportable health care systems could help in the early recognition of pregnant women at risk and reduce the phenomenal of violence during pregnancy.

Intimate partner violence, social support and depression in pregnant women in Nigeria

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a risk factor for depression both during and after pregnancy in many communities. The prevalence of domestic violence is common in Kano, Nigeria. Poor social support has been associated with depression. The specific aim of this section was to assess IPV, social support, and association with depression in a group of rural and urban pregnant women. The study was part of a larger study that assessed antenatal women at urban and rural sites using a sociodemographic questionnaire, a Hits Domestic Violence Screening Instrument, a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, a MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview -7, and other instruments. The prevalence of antenatal depression was 23.7%. Fifty percent of the depressed women, as compared to only 7% of nondepressed, had been victims of IPV. IPV was a predictor of antenatal depression in the whole sample and the urban women. Regardless of how long ago IPV occurred, it still served as a significant factor in causing antenatal depression. IPV is a significant predictor of antenatal depression.

Fenomena KDRT dan Praktik Mahar di Kampung Ndilek Lamba Leda, NTT

Fenomena KDRT dan Praktik Mahar di Kampung Ndilek Lamba Leda, NTT

DORIS study: domestic violence in orthopaedics, a prospective cohort study at a Swedish hospital on the annual prevalence of domestic violence in orthopaedic emergency care

BackgroundDomestic violence (DV) is a major problem which despite many efforts persists globally. Victims of DV can present with various injuries, whereof musculoskeletal presentation is common.ObjectivesThe DORIS study (Domestic violence...

Domestic Violence During Pregnancy and Risk of Obstetrical Complications

Context: Intimate partner violence is a phenomenon that affects a significant number of women and has an important impact on society. This conjugal violence against women can have important consequences on their health as well as on the health of the unborn child during pregnancy. Objectives and Methods: In order to assess the risk of obstetrical complications in women who are victims of domestic violence, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component to determine the association between domestic violence and obstetrical complications on the one hand, and to determine the factors associated with domestic violence on the other. The descriptive part consisted of determining the prevalence of domestic violence and neonatal complications, and describing the different types of violence. A questionnaire was self-administered to pregnant women who came for prenatal consultations at the Dschang District Hospital. Results: Amongst 320 women approached, 300 agreed to participate in the study. The overall prevalence of spousal violence was 37.33%, and the prevalence of spousal violence during pregnancy was 13.33%; the prevalence of neonatal complications was 20.7%, premature deliveries accounted for 7.7%, miscarriages 7%, stillbirths 6.7%, while the prevalence of low birth weight babies was 1.7%. Domestic violence was significantly associated with neonatal complications (OR=4.1 p value=0.000). Regarding the types of violence, verbal and psychological violence had a frequency of (108)36%, physical violence which represented (40) 13.3%, control and financial violence represented (23) 7.7% and (30) 10% respectively; sexual violence was the least represented with (20) 6.7%. Regarding the factors associated with domestic violence, the 25-34 age group of the woman (p value 0.02, OR: 4.2), consumption of alcohol by the partner (p value 0.02, OR: 4.14) and the history of violence before pregnancy (p value 0.001, OR: 92.91) were significantly associated with domestic violence. Conclusion: Early identification of abuse in pregnant women and taking steps to prevent it may reduce the occurrence of these adverse outcomes.

IJCM_61A: Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Married Women in urban and rural field practice area of RIMS, Raichur

Background: Domestic violence (DV), being a widespread public health issue affecting women globally, is still being neglected and women remain silent sufferers and suffer from physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health consequences which further affects well-being of her family. It also leads to increased risk of child abuse. Women being considered as weaker sex, gender bias and male dominance resulted in mistreating women and victimizing them and remains unreported in many areas. Objective: To estimate prevalence of domestic violence among married women. €¢ To compare prevalence of domestic violence in urban and rural areas. €¢ To find out factors associated with prevalence of domestic violence. Methodology: Cross sectional study, 3 months duration in married women residing in field practice areas of RIMS, Raichur. Least prevalence found in a study having 28%. Using the formula N = Z2pq/ d2 sample size calculated as 257. Almost population of UHTC, RHTC and PHC are similar, equal number of samples (86) taken from all 3 areas. Community consent obtained from representatives, Home visits were made, informed oral consent obtained, face to face interview done using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Statistical analysis done using SPSS, means and standard deviations calculated. Chi square test used to calculate the associations. Results: Prevalence of DV is 33.3% and 16% of them are currently experiencing domestic violence. 36.4% of rural participants have experienced DV compared to 21.2% in urban participants & these differences were statistically significant as indicated by p value of 0.037. Factors such as religion, caste, type of family, education of female, spousal education, spousal occupation, alcohol consumption by husband, smoking habit of husband, history of parental abuse in spousal family, etc.. are associated with domestic violence. Conclusion: We conclude that domestic violence is mostly done by husband followed by mother-in-law and most common solution offered was to advice husband.

Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorder among married women exposed to violence in rural area, Ismailia, Egypt: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundDomestic abuse is a widespread health issue that negatively impacts both mental health and quality of life. ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of domestic violence and anxiety among women visiting primary healthcare facilities in the rural Ismailia governorate. MethodsBetween October 2021 and December 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random methods were used to choose the participants from those who attended a clinic. 350 married women were included in the estimated sample size. By using an interview questionnaire, data were gathered including the following parts: The socio-demographic data, designed scale for assessment of violence and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton anxiety scale. ResultsThe prevalence of domestic violence was 41% and both physical and sexual abuse was 43%. The most predominant sexual abuse was practice without consent (63%). The prevalence of anxiety was 76%, the predominance was mild degree 46% followed by mild to moderate 18%. The significant predictors for anxiety in the total sample were the increase in age of women, rural residence, and exposure to abuse (OR = 11.2 (4.9–25.4). The use of the husband's stimulant drugs was the most predictor factor for women's abuse (OR = 2.3 (1.4–3.9). Conclusionforty-one of the women exposed to every form of violence, anxiety was present in more than three-quarters of the studied women. It is essential to screen any wife attending primary health care for the manifestation of domestic violence especially in rural areas and increase the awareness of family physicians towards screening of mental health problems.

Profile and local perceptions regarding domestic violence in Bulgaria

Domestic violence, regarded as a prevalent matter of public health, encompasses actions employed by an individual within a relationship to manipulate the other party. Although it has garnered considerable attention, the prevalence of domestic violence exhibits notable disparities across distinct regions within a nation, thereby indicating the impact of diverse socio-economic, cultural, and political elements. This study delves further into the available evidence concerning regional discrepancies in domestic violence rates, providing valuable insights into the factors that contribute to this phenomenon and its implications for policy formulation in Bulgaria. With the method of the survey and the conduct of focus groups, the perception of violence and the local characteristics were brought out. The quantitative research included 2800 respondents (100 from each administrative region of Bulgaria), and the qualitative included 700 respondents, who were in 14 predetermined culturally distinct regions. The main interest of that paper is how domestic violence looks in the perceptions of Bulgarians in different regions and what domestic violence looks like in Bulgaria. The main hypothesis posits that individuals’ attitudes towards violent relationships are greatly influenced by their personal experiences with violence. We suggest that societal norms and stereotypes surrounding violence play a significant role in fostering “positive attitudes” towards aggressive behaviors.

Domestic violence patterns in postpartum women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To longitudinally assess domestic violence (DV) during the postpartum period, identifying types, patterns and determinants of DV, according to mothers' reports in Fortaleza, Brazil. Data from the Iracema-COVID cohort study interviewed at home mothers who gave birth in the first wave of COVID-19, at 18 and 24 months after birth. Patterns of reported DV were classified as follows: no DV, interrupted DV, started DV and persistent DV. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with persistent DV. DV was reported by 19 and 24% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months postpartum, respectively, a 5 percentage points increase. Persistent DV was present in 11% of the households in the period. The most frequent forms of DV were verbal aggression, reported by 17-20% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months, respectively; drunkenness or use of drugs at home, present in 3-5% of the households; physical aggression, reported by 1.2-1.6% of the mothers. Households with two or more forms of DV increased from 2 to 12% in the period. Adjusted factors associated with persistent DV were maternal common mental disorder, family headed by the mother and head of family's poor schooling. Food insecurity was associated with starting DV. Prevalence of DV was considerably high in the postpartum period. DV prevention policies should rely on improving care to women's mental health; preventing food insecurity; and fostering the educational level of young people of both sexes.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Shelter Use Frequency and Experiences of Shelter Professionals in Finland: A Mixed-Method Study

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increased prevalence of domestic violence (DV). It has been proposed that the mitigation efforts—such as lockdown, social distancing, or stay-at-home orders—simultaneously increase the risk of DV while limiting the possibilities for seeking help. In this study, we explored the effects of the pandemic on shelter services.Method: The data consist of shelter use data and regular reports from 29 shelters in Finland. In a mixed-method study, we analyzed how shelter service use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland was predicted by the stringency of government actions. Furthermore, to gain additional depth on the topic, we carried out a qualitative analysis of the common issues raised by the staff in regular shelter reports.Results: We found the stringency of government actions—as measured by the comparative composite value of the Stringency Index—to causally predict shelter use during the pandemic. The major finding of our qualitative analysis is that the pandemic has affected shelters at three levels: victim, professional, and organization.Conclusion: As shelter reports indicate, the pandemic affected clients depending on how they perceive the pandemic, receive help, and the changes in their everyday lives at the shelter. At the professional level, COVID-19 affected the practices and content of work with clients, as well as the personal experience and well-being of staff. At the organizational level, there was a need to reconsider the preparedness and organization of work.

Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Women in Domestic Violence Shelters in Kurdistan-Iraq: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of domestic violence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress with some socio-demographic characteristics among women who have sought sanctuary in domestic violence shelters. Materials and Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design, employing different sampling methods to recruit a total of 46 participants. A convenience sampling method was used for the study group, while purposive sampling was employed for the control group. The primary data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire consisting of three validated scales: the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Results: The independent t-test analysis reveals highly significant differences between both groups (P≤0.001). The multivariate analysis has revealed significant differences among occupations in stress (P≤0.05), and significant differences were found in Relationship with family for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (P≤0.001). Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders among domestic violence victims are very common, and the assessment of psychiatric disorders in domestic violence shelters is often overlooked or completely neglected. Physical, psychological, and verbal abuse are dominant types of violence suffered by shelter residents.

Association between women's experience of domestic violence and childhood vaccination in West Africa: Cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data.

In 2021, 25 million children worldwide did not receive full basic childhood vaccinations, the highest figure in over a decade. There are large variations between countries in vaccination coverage. Globally, the lifetime prevalence of domestic violence among ever-partnered women is 30%. Exposure to domestic violence affects both maternal and child health. However, there is limited contemporary evidence on whether children born to women who are exposed to domestic violence are any more or less likely to be vaccinated. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 7 West African countries (Benin, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between women's lifetime experience of any emotional, physical and/or sexual domestic violence and whether her most-recent born child aged 12-35 months old had received a full complement of basic childhood vaccinations (covering tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and measles). Data from 9,104 mother-child pairs was analysed (range 480 from Senegal to 3,230 from Nigeria). Overall, 47% of children were fully vaccinated (range 31% in Nigeria to 81% in The Gambia). 41% of women reported any experience of domestic violence (range 20% in Senegal to 54% in Sierra Leone). After adjustment for a range of child, maternal, household and partner-level variables, children born to women who reported experience of domestic violence were no more or less likely to be fully vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.17). There was some evidence that the association may vary by country; in Sierra Leone, children born to women who reported experience of domestic violence were significantly less likely to be fully vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 0.62, 95%CI 0.44-0.88). There was no significant association between a woman's exposure to domestic violence and whether her child was fully vaccinated. Further work is needed to understand the contextual factors which may explain potential variations between countries.

The Social Psychological Methods of Preventing Domestic Violence

This article delves into the application of social psychological methods in preventing domestic violence. Drawing on extensive research and case studies, it explores various strategies including community programs, education, awareness campaigns, and support networks. The study emphasizes the importance of early intervention, societal awareness, and fostering a sense of empowerment among potential victims. By employing these methods, it is possible to create a safer environment and reduce the prevalence of domestic violence in communities.

The Global Landscape of Domestic Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an alarming increase in domestic violence against women owing to lockdown measures and limited access to support services. This article provides insights into the global prevalence of domestic violence, barriers to seeking help, its impact on women and children, and the best practices implemented worldwide. Domestic violence encompasses various forms of abuse; many young women experience partner violence. Barriers to seeking help include fear, financial constraints, lack of awareness of available services, and distrust among stakeholders. The consequences of domestic violence affect the mental health of both mothers and children. Countries have increased shelter funding and developed innovative protocols to reach survivors and address this issue. However, the healthcare sector's involvement in addressing domestic violence has been limited. This review advocates collaboration among healthcare institutions and government bodies. Key recommendations include utilizing telehealth services, implementing comprehensive training programs, establishing effective referral systems, enhancing health education, developing a domestic violence registry, improving the responses of law enforcement and justice systems through healthcare integration, promoting data sharing, and conducting further research. Healthcare systems should recognize domestic violence as a public health concern and detect, prevent, and intervene in cases to support survivors.

The Role of Safe Housing in Empowering Survivors of Domestic Violence in Iran

Despite the high prevalence of domestic violence, Iran has not ratified CEDAW due to Islamic considerations, and domestic violence is not a crime under Iranian laws. However, several safe houses have been established in Iran to protect the survivors of domestic violence. The fundamental role of safe houses in the protection of women by presenting long and short-term support has been less under the spotlight of legal scholars in Iran. This study aims to examine a newly updated and modern legal solution to protect the victims of domestic violence in Iran, the Safe Housing Guideline. By considering the general rules and principles of domestic violence law, the study intends to identify the legal gaps in the existing guideline and propose some policy proposals to improve the quality of services provided by the domestic violence shelters to the survivors of domestic violence. Hence, this study highlights the importance of safe houses in protecting and supporting survivors of domestic violence in Iran. Addressing the issue of domestic violence against women is crucial to promoting gender equality and empowerment and ensuring that survivors of domestic violence receive the support and protection they need is an important step in this direction. The proposed policy recommendations can contribute to the improvement of the quality of services provided by domestic violence shelters in Iran, promoting gender security and ensuring the safety and well-being of women.

PREVALENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MARRIED WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF LAHORE

Domestic violence against women is a global issue that encompasses physical, sexual, and psychological abuse within intimate relationships. It is a significant public justice concern in Pakistan, yet formal reporting channels and statistics databases are lacking. This study aimed to explore the socioeconomic causes and prevalence of domestic violence against women in a rural community of Lahore. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 married women residing in the Lakhodair rural community of Lahore. A close-ended questionnaire, including demographic information and a domestic violence questionnaire, was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23, and prevalence rates of domestic violence were determined. Most participants were uneducated (93.3%), and prevalence rates of domestic violence were assessed across ten questions related to various forms of abuse. The prevalence of domestic violence is high in our study. Notably, 66% of respondents reported experiencing physical injury from their partners, and 65% had encountered physical violence, such as being struck, pushed, grabbed, thrown, or choked. Additionally, 55% of women reported experiencing sexual violence, while 51% faced forced sexual activity. Emotional abuse was also prevalent, with 52% feeling regularly belittled by their partners. This study revealed that more than 50% of women experience domestic violence after marriage in rural areas. It underscores the urgent need for awareness programs, women's education initiatives, and empowerment programs to address this grave concern. Future research should consider qualitative approaches to gain deeper insight into participants' experiences and feelings. Furthermore, focusing on domestic violence against males is essential to comprehensively address this complex issue.

Poverty and Frustration as Predictor of Domestic Violence among Sandwich Students

The prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria remains alarmingly high, exhibiting no discernible indications of decline. Prevalence of this phenomenon is observed among couples irrespective of their age, ethnic background, religious affiliation, or socioeconomic standing. This study aims to investigate the relationship between poverty and dissatisfaction as predictors of spousal violence among sandwich students. The research employed a descriptive design of the ex-post-facto kind. A multi-stage selection procedure was employed to pick a sample of 120 respondents from three departments. The participants were assessed using appropriate standardized measures (instruments) and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing the percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression techniques at a significance level of 0.05. Hence, in light of the research indicating a significant correlation between poverty and domestic violence, it is suggested that counseling professionals and psychologists should enhance their endeavors to organize seminars for student couples.

Domestic violence against Iranian women during the Covid-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the fact that public health measures such as social isolation can help control the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, these procedures may contribute to elevated levels of stress and escalate various forms of violence against women. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify factors associated with domestic violence during the Covid-19 lockdown among married women attending healthcare centers in Iran. This cross-sectional study, conducted between 2020 and 2021, focused on a sample of 5317 married women who sought healthcare services within urban centers across five major cities in Iran. Sampling was done through a multistage cluster method. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) were used to assess levels of violence. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-test, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regression) with the SPSS software version 22. During the Covid-19 lockdown, psychological violence was reported by 66.7% of women (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.44%-67.98%), physical violence by 44.8% (95% CI, 43.43%-46.10%), sexual violence by 28.8% (95% CI, 27.60%-30.03%), and injury by 24.5% (95% CI, 23.39%-25.70%). The multiple logistic regression showed several significant factors associated with domestic violence. These included low levels of social support (p < 0.001), shorter duration of marriage (p < 0.001), unemployment of both women (p < 0.007) and their spouses (p < 0.001), poor economic status (p < 0.001), as well as substance abuse by the husband, including alcohol (p < 0.001) and drug abuse (p < 0.01), and smoking (p < 0.01). The findings highlighted the magnitude of domestic violence against women during the Covid-19 lockdown. It is crucial to implement comprehensive strategies that encompass preventive and responsive measures to address domestic violence not only during lockdowns but also in the post-lockdown period.

COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of domestic violence against Iranian married women.

Domestic violence is an important public health and human rights problem. In most countries of the world, including Iran, the COVID-19 pandemic made quarantine necessary to reduce the disease transmission rate. Therefore, due to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the emergence of mandatory quarantine conditions, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, which was done in 2020, 240 married women were investigated. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was performed through virtual networks using standard questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics (relative frequencies, mean, and standard deviation) were used to determine the extent of violence. Independent t-test and Chi-square were used to analyze the data of the relation between the types of violence with independent variables. Also, the data were analyzed using the logistic regression model. In this study, 240 married women with a mean age of 36.27 were studied. The highest frequency was related to social violence (56.3%), and the lowest was related to financial and verbal violence (11.7%). In addition, a significant relationship was observed between sexual violence and age (p-value < 0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between social violence and education [(OR = 1.99)] Jobs [(OR = 2.4, CI = 95%, 1.30-4.4), quarantine duration [(OR = 1.94, CI = 95%, 0.98-3.7)] and underlying diseases [OR = 1.90]. The high prevalence of domestic violence against women during quarantine indicates the poor health of women in society. Therefore, the roots of violence against women and methods to reduce this problem should be sought. Therefore, identification of subjects at risk and raising women's knowledge may be useful for the prevention of domestic violence and its physical and psychological complications.

Burden, trend and determinants of various forms of domestic violence among reproductive age-group women in India: findings from nationally representative surveys.

Violence, a notable human rights concern, has a public health impact across the globe. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of domestic violence among ever-married women aged 18-49years in India. Secondary data analysis with National Family Health Survey 5, 2019-21 data (NFHS-5) was conducted. The complex sampling design of the survey was accounted-for during analysis. The primary outcome was domestic violence. Prevalence was reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Prevalence ratio was reported to provide the factors associated with domestic violence using Poisson regression. About 63796 ever-married women aged 18-49years covered under domestic violence module of NFHS-5 survey were included. Prevalence of domestic violence (12months preceding the survey) was 31.9% (95% CI: 30.9-32.9%). Physical violence (28.3%) was the most common form followed by emotional (14.1%) and sexual violence (6.1%). Women with low education, being employed, husband being uneducated or with coercive behavior had significantly higher prevalence of domestic violence. One-third of the reproductive age-group women were facing some form of domestic violence. Target group interventions like violence awareness campaigns, women supportive services and stringent law enforcement should be implemented to eliminate domestic violence by year 2030.