Prevalence Of Diabetes In People Research Articles

Diabetes in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory condition with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for CVD and stroke. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to: (i) identify the prevalence of diabetes in axSpA and (ii) compare the risk of diabetes in patients with axSpA and without. A comprehensive literature search was performed for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 15 November 2023 using Medline, Embase and Scopus (PROSPERO: CRD42023482573). Observational studies reporting prevalence, incidence or risk of diabetes in axSpA were included. Search results were independently screened by at least two reviewers. Quality of included studies were assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Study-specific proportions and odds ratios (OR) were combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. 2257 articles were identified from database searching from which 23 studies were included for analysis amounting to a combined sample size of 65 025 patients. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in people with axSpA was 7.0% (95% CI 5.9–8.0%; predictive interval 2.4–12.9%; p < 0.001). The funnel plot was symmetric suggesting no small-study effects (I2 = 98.1% (95% CI 0.05–0.08), τ2 = 0.02; p < 0.001). Comparing patients with axSpA to those without, the pooled OR was 1.29 (95% CI 1.10–1.52; predictive interval 0.76–2.22; p = 0.001) for diabetes. The study suggests an increased prevalence and probably an increased risk of diabetes in people with axSpA. Routine screening for diabetes and lifestyle modifications should be encouraged in this cohort.

P307 Updating the consensus document ‘Management of cystic fibrosis diabetes’ published by Cystic Fibrosis Trust

The first edition of the consensus document ‘Management of Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes’ was published by Cystic Fibrosis Trust in 2004. Since then, increased awareness and the introduction of regular screening have resulted in increased prevalence of diabetes in people with CF. There are also more data both on the adverse effect of abnormal glucose on clinical status in CF, and confirming that treatment can improve this. The aim was to update the consensus document to help CF teams navigate the multiple factors involved in the challenges of glucose control and develop up-to-date guidance on best practice in care and treatment.

Prevalence of diabetes in people with thyroid dysfunction

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and relative risk of diabetes in the population with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out using the Primary Care Clinical Database (BDCAP) of the Ministry of Health. Relative risks (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. ResultsIn the group of 2,596,041 hypothyroid patients, we found an OR of 1.77 (1.75−1.80) for T1D, and 1.77 (1.76−1.78) for T2D. This elevated risk was observed in both men and women. Hypothyroid people over 65 years of age had a near neutral risk of T1D (0.96 [0.94−0.99]) and T2D (0.99 [0.98−0.99]). Hypothyroid patients receiving replacement therapy showed a higher risk of T1D (1.32 [1.28−1.36]) and T2D (1.23 [1.22−1.24]) compared to untreated hypothyroid patients. In the group of 418,772 people with hyperthyroidism, an increased risk of T1D (1.66 [1.60−1.72]) and T2D (1.71 [1.70−1.73]) was also noticed. This risk was observed in both sexes. Those over 65 years of age did not present a high risk of T1D (0.89 [0.83−0.95]) and their risk of T2D was close to neutrality (1.03 [1.02−1.05]). Hyperthyroid patients treated with antithyroid agents had a higher risk of T1D (1.26 [1.14−1.40]) and T2D (1.32 [1.28−1.36]) than those without therapy. ConclusionPeople registered in BDCAP of both sexes, under 65 years of age, with thyroid dysfunction have an increased risk of suffering from diabetes, especially those on thyroid medication.

Abstract WP227: Endothelin Receptor A (eta) Inhibition By Intranasal Administration Of Bq-123 In Hypoperfused Diabetic Rats Exerts Different Effects In Various Domains Of Cognition

Cerebrovascular dysfunction leading to brain hypoperfusion is an early event in vascular cognitive impairment &amp; dementia ( VCID ). Postmortem brain levels of endothelin (ET)-1, the most potent vasoconstrictor, closely correlate with blood barrier breakdown and hypoperfusion in individuals with VCID. The prevalence of diabetes in people with dementia is as high as 39%. We have reported that there is upregulation of circulating and brain ET-1 in diabetic male rats that later develop cognitive impairment and all the cell types of the neurovascular unit express ETA receptors. We hypothesized that inhibition of brain ETA receptors can prevent cognitive decline in diabetes. Methods: Experimental design is depicted in Fig 1. The impact of unilateral common carotid occlusion (UCCAO) on ETA receptor expression and brain hypoxia was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A battery of cognitive tests was performed. Results: Bioavailability of drug in brain post intranasal delivery was confirmed by LCMS. UCCAO increased the expression of HIF1a and ETA receptors in most of the cell types of NVU. Mobility of diabetic animals was significantly reduced (1522±272.8cm control vs 1051±61.17cm diabetic; p&lt;0.05) without affecting the velocity. Other behavior outcomes are summarized in Fig 1. Conclusions: While hypoxic conditions increased the ETA receptor expression in the brain, in contrast to our hypothesis, ETA inhibition worsened recognition memory and promoted anxiety with no effect on short-term learning and spatial memory. The intranasal drug delivery approach may offer a novel approach to further investigate the complex role of the ET system without systemic side effects of ETA inhibition.

High prevalence of diabetes in elderly of Iran: an urgent public health issue.

To determine the distribution of blood glucose and prevalence of diabetes in people above 60 years living in Tehran and their relationship with some variables. In this cross-sectional population-based study, multistage cluster sampling was performed in the over 60-year-old population of Tehran. Blood samples were collected from all participants and the data of the history of diabetes and the use of blood glucose lowering agents or other drugs were collected using interviews. Of 3791 selected subjects, 3310 participated in the study (response rate = 87.3%). The mean blood Sugar (BS) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of the patients was 118.11(95% CI: 115.34 -120.88) and 6.12(95% CI: 6.05-6.2) respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was 29.03%(95% CI: 27.12-30.94) in all subjects, 26.83%(95% CI: 24.58-29.07) in men, and 31.2%(95% CI: 28.24-34.16) in women. Odds of diabetes was significantly worse in women. systolic blood pressure, diasstolic blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, wrist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference and body mass Index were significantly higher in diabetic after adjusting for the effect of sex and age. The odds of blindness was 2.69 (95% CI: 1.10-6.59) times higher in diabetic than in non-diabetics. On average, one in every three persons above 60 years of age was diabetic. Therefore, attention should be paid to this age group, especially women, due the higher prevalence of diabetes. All anthropometric measurements except height had a strong correlation with diabetes. Blindness was significantly more in diabetics.

Prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities and age- and gender-matched controls: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aims to: (i) describe the pooled prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities, (ii) investigate the association with demographic, clinical and treatment-related factors and (iii) compare the prevalence versus age- and gender-matched general population controls. Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL were searched until 01 May 2021. Random effects meta-analysis and an odds ratio analysis were conducted to compare rates with controls. The trim- and fill-adjusted pooled diabetes prevalence amongst 55,548 individuals with intellectual disabilities (N studies=33) was 8.5% (95% CI=7.2%-10.0%). The trim- and fill-adjusted odds for diabetes was 2.46 times higher (95% CI=1.89-3.21) (n= 42,684) versus controls (n= 4,177,550). Older age (R2 = .83, p< .001), smoking (R2 = .30, p= .009) and co-morbid depression (R2 = .18, p= .04), anxiety (R2 = .97, p< .001), and hypertension (R2 = 0.29, p< .001) were associated with higher diabetes prevalence rates. Our findings demonstrate that people with intellectual disabilities are at an increased risk of diabetes, and therefore routine screening and multidisciplinary management of diabetes is needed.

COVID-19 and Diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has varied worldwide. Most of the available evidence suggests a significant increase in severity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with either type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in association with poor glycemic control. While new-onset hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) have been increasingly recognized in the context of COVID-19 and have been associated with worse outcome, no conclusive evidence yet suggests direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cells of pancreatic islets. While all approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe in people with T2DM having COVID-19, no conclusive data are yet available to indicate a mortality benefit with any class of these drugs, in the absence of large randomized controlled trials.

Diabetes care: monitoring blood glucose levels

Essential informationWhile the prevalence of diabetes in people with a learning disability is unknown, data indicates it is about 10% – nearly double the rate of the general population, according to Diabetes UK.

Enabling reasonable adjustments for people living with diabetes and a learning disability

People living with a learning disability have a disproportionately higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Susan Smith and Anne Phillips discuss the reasonable adjustments that can be made to improve care for this group of individuals This article will consider diabetes and people with learning disabilities and critically explore a recent report called NHS RightCare Pathway: Diabetes—Reasonable Adjustments For People With a Learning Disability Who Have Diabetes. This report was created in response to an increased prevalence of diabetes in people living with a learning disability. Reasonable adjustments in the delivery of practice nurse-led diabetes care will be examined in conjunction with the guidance from The Equality Act 2010 in order to enable diabetes care to be more accessible for people living with diabetes and a learning disability.

Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of diabetes in Ahvaz (South West of Iran)

IntroductionThis study was designed to assess the prevalence of diabetes in people aged over 20 years in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and methodsThe study population was chosen by cluster sampling. A checklist included: age, sex, weight, height, blood pressure, waist circumference, educational level, smoking status and previous history of diabetes was completed for each patient. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥126mg/dl and/or oral hypoglycemic treatment and/or insulin consumption was defined as diabetes, FPG=100–125mg/dl as Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and FPG <100mg/dl as normal. ResultsStudy population was 944 persons. Mean age of population was 42.2±14 years. Diabetes was detected in 15.1% of population. Only 40.4% of cases were aware of their disease. Diabetes was detected in 14.7% of female and 15.7% of male participants. Diabetes was related to age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, hypertension, waist to hip ratio, educational level, marital status, serum triglyceride, cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) in both genders. But by using logistic regression analysis, age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and marital status had significant effect on diabetes. ConclusionThis study showed that using FPG criteria or current medication 15.1% of this population had diabetes and about 60% of patients were unaware of their disease. Age, hypertension, family history of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and marital status are the risk factors of diabetes in Ahvaz population. IFG have high prevalence and diabetes screening should be intensified in this population.

Diabetes in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence and impact.

To establish the prevalence and incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in people with an intellectual and developmental disability and determine their impact on health and well-being and to appraise the evidence available to inform good practice in diabetes management for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. We conducted separate searches of multiple databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PUBMED and Cochrane Library) to find relevant articles. A total of 13 studies were identified: 13 addressed the prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual and developmental disability, three addressed the impact of diabetes on their health and well-being and three addressed the management of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual and developmental disability remains uncertain, and the incidence of diabetes in this group of people is unknown. There is some evidence to support the assertion that people with intellectual and developmental disability might be at greater risk of diabetes than the general population. Overall, the quality of the evidence on which to base prevention and management strategies is variable. There is a paucity of research focusing on the prevalence, incidence and impact of diabetes among people with intellectual and developmental disability. Further research is needed to inform policy and practice in this area and, in particular, work is needed to develop methodologies, evaluation tools, educational resources and diabetes care support services appropriate to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disability.

Undoing Descartes: integrating diabetes care for those with mental illness

AbstractDiabetes UK has supported the concept of integrated diabetes care to ensure that the person with diabetes is seen by the right professional at the right time in the right place. At a time when diabetes teams are threatened by changes in the NHS, the division between mental and physical health services makes those with mental illness particularly vulnerable.The association between diabetes and mental illness has been recognised for over 350 years. The prevalence of diabetes in people with depression and severe mental illness (schizophrenia and bipolar illness) is increased two‐ to three‐fold. Furthermore, the proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes is considerably higher than in the general population. The risk of complications and diabetes related mortality is higher in those with co‐morbid mental illness.Currently, diabetes services for people with severe mental illness lag behind those for people without mental illness; patients are less likely to be examined for eye or foot complications, less likely to be screened for glycated haemoglobin or cholesterol, and less likely to receive education.Integration of care between mental and physical health services, whether in primary or secondary care, is essential if this health inequality is to be overcome. Perhaps only then can we bring body, mind and soul back together. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons.This paper was presented as the 2011 Mary MacKinnon lecture at the 2011 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference held in London

Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes From Population to Man to Mechanisms

Epidemic of diabetes, affecting about 3–5% of Western populations, is one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century (1). Changes in the human environment, behavior, and lifestyle have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes in people with genetic susceptibility to diabetes. The global number of people with diabetes was 151 million in 2000, and it is projected to increase to 221 million in 2010 (an increase of 46%) both in developed and developing countries (2). Chronic hyperglycemia leads to many long-term complications in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Individuals with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, and long-lasting type 2 diabetes are at high risk of all complications of macrovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. More than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes die of cardiovascular causes (3). Therefore, the epidemic of type 2 diabetes will be followed by an epidemic of diabetes-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the years, epidemiological studies have produced important information on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes complications in different populations. They have also given important information on different risk factors determining susceptibility to diabetes complications (Fig. 1). This information is crucial for mechanistic studies in physiology at the tissue level and for molecular biology studies at the cellular level. A good example is glycated hemoglobin. Several studies have indicated that glycated hemoglobin is associated with diabetes complications in prospective epidemiological studies. That information has been crucial for the planning of clinical trials to test the hypothesis that the treatment of chronic hyperglycemia leads to reduction in long-term diabetes complications. Moreover, information from epidemiology has led to several mechanistic studies and the elucidation of molecular level insights how insulin resistance and hyperglycemia lead to diabetes complications. …

Prevalence and characteristics of diabetes among homeless people attending shelters in Paris, France, 2006

Chronic diseases are frequent in homeless people. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes in people living in shelters and to describe the characteristics of homeless people previously diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes screening was systematically performed in nine shelters in Paris, from October to December 2006. We found a high prevalence of diabetes comparable with those of the general population, but a high frequency of major complications, in spite of a relatively young age, short duration since diabetes diagnosis and moderate glycaemic control. This study underlines the burden of diabetes among precarious people and supports the development of more effective strategies to improve diabetes management in this population, especially regarding podiatric care.

Down's syndrome and diabetes.

SynopsisA survey to determine the prevalence of diabetes in people with Down's syndrome was carried out at t raining centres in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Out of a total of 914 people known to the County Health Department as having this condition, 456 attended either junior or adult training centres and, of these, 404 provided urine specimens on two separate occasions. There were seven cases of diabetes among this group—a prevalence of 17 per thousand. Of more significance is the finding that the rate among children aged 0–14 years was 20·6 per thousand, which is considerably higher than expected in a population of this age group. It is postulated that there is an underlying defect of carbohydrate metabolism in people with Down's syndrome.