Prevalence Of Diabetes Distress Research Articles

Diabetes Distress, Depression and Coping Strategies in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

People with diabetes often experience two mental health conditions which are diabetes distress and depression. Both the conditions affect them negatively and increase their risk of diabetes complications and poor disease management. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of diabetes distress and depression in our sample and examine the relationship among diabetes distress, depression and coping strategies among adults with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Cross-sectional research design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 125 patients of Type 2 diabetes with age range between 40 to 55 years (M=49.94, SD=4.21). Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Diabetes distress scale, depression scale and coping scale were used to assess the study variables. Results: 34% patients had moderate distress worthy of attention. Being woman, younger age, having poor coping skills and depression were significantly associated with diabetes distress. Conclusions: High rates of diabetes distress in the study highlights the significance of identifying distress and other mental health issues in individuals having diabetes to provide psychological management and collaborative care to them.

Implementation of the Mind Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q) for routine health-related quality of life screening of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a large tertiary care center.

Prevalence of diabetes distress and mental health comorbidities among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is high. Despite recommendations for routine psychosocial risk assessment, there is little guidance for their implementation. This study aims to describe the implementation and baseline outcomes of the Mind Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q), a validated psychosocial screening tool for health-related quality of life (QoL) including mood, among adolescents living with T1D. Adolescents aged 13-18 years completed the MY-Q from October 1, 2019-April 1, 2023. Baseline characteristics, MY-Q results including categories flagged positive (noting possible areas of concern), debrief duration, and frequency of social work or mental health referral were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 343 adolescents (mean age 15.3 years; 52 % female) completed a baseline MY-Q. Median overall MY-Q debrief time (IQR) was 10.0 min (6.0, 20.0). About 290 (84.5 %) adolescents had at least one of seven categories flagged, most commonly "Family" (61 %). About 30 % of adolescents had "Mood" flagged, and 2.9 % of adolescents were referred to mental health following debrief. Without the need for additional resources, implementation of the MY-Q in a pediatric tertiary care diabetes clinic successfully identified QoL issues and mental health concerns among adolescents with T1D.

Diabetes Distress Among Patients Undergoing Surgery for Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Diabetes distress (DD) is a negative emotion related to diabetes management and a predictor of depression; it affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients' quality of life and disease outcomes. The prevalence of DD was higher in patients undergoing surgery for DR. However, few studies have been conducted on DD in DR surgery patients. The present study aims to investigate the status of DD in DR surgery patients and identify factors associated with DD. Using a convenience sampling method, 210 DR surgery patients who were admitted to 2 tertiary-level hospitals in Wenzhou City (Zhejiang Province) and Zhengzhou City (Henan Province) from February to June 2023 were selected as research subjects. A questionnaire collecting demographic and disease-related information, the Diabetes Distress Scale, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Management Activities, the Family Care Index Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale were used to collect data. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation analyses and stepwise multiple linear regression. This study is reported according to the STROBE guidelines. In total, 156 out of 210 (74.29%) DR surgery patients experienced DD, with an average score of 2.13±0.63. The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that residential location, employment status, self-management level, family support, and social support were significantly associated with DD. These variables accounted for 30.6% of the total variation in DD. DR surgery patients exhibit moderate levels of distress. Health care professionals should pay attention to DD in DR surgery patients and develop targeted interventions to improve the self-management ability of these patients, increase their family support and social support to reduce their DD levels.

Burden and predictors of distress among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Excerpts of an observational study from Eastern India.

Diabetes distress (DD) is a common psychological condition distinct from depression. This is a unique, hidden emotional burden and worry that the patient experiences under ongoing treatment. To assess the prevalence and predictors of DD among adult diabetics attending a tertiary healthcare facility. This hospital-based observational, analytical, cross-sectional study recruited 152 adult patients with type 2 diabetes. The sociodemographic and diabetes-related information was collected with the help of a predesigned, structured proforma. Clinical and anthropometric examinations were conducted. Distress was determined by the standardized Diabetic Distress Scale (DDS). Statistical Analysis Used: The mean (SE) value was calculated for quantitative variables. The mean item score in DDS of ≥2 is taken as the presence of distress. Fisher's exact Chi-square test was done to check for association. Two-tailed significance test with a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Majority of study participants were literate, married, and from the lower middle socioeconomic class. High blood pressure was the most common co-morbidity and tobacco use was the most prevalent addiction. The prevalence of diabetes distress was 77.0%. Emotional DD was found to be more common than regimen, interpersonal, and physician-related DD. The major determinants that emerged were young age, low socioeconomic class, physical inactivity, longer time duration to reach the hospital, associated known co-morbidities, and poor glycaemic control. A target-specific and routine counseling sessions merged with pronged strategic services are essential to improve the mental health of respondents.

Prevalence and Correlators of Diabetes Distress in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To address the prevalence of diabetes distress (DD) and its correlators in adults with type 2 diabetes. During 2021 and 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study in three Class A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in China, and received 947 participants who completed a printed survey covering DD, demographic, diabetic, physiological, and psychosocial factors. We used Jonckheere-Terpstra, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests to assess intergroup differences between different levels of DD. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to analyze correlators of DD further. The prevalence of DD was 34.64%. In univariate analysis, those with lower satisfaction with financial status, longer durations of diabetes, more complications, higher glycemia, more severe insomnia, treatment by medications only, poorer lifestyle interventions, fewer self-care activities, more types and frequencies of insulin injections, and spending more money and time on treatment were susceptible to DD. Type D personality, negative illness perceptions, negative coping styles, and psychological effects of major life events were related to higher DD. Hope, self-efficacy, positive coping styles, and social support can reduce DD. In ordinal logistic regression analysis, hypoglycemic episode (β=-1.118, p=0.019, "have hypoglycemic" as reference) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (β=0.090, p<0.001) were significant positive correlators for DD, while diet intervention (β=0.803, p=0.022, "have diet intervention" as reference), money spent on diabetes treatment (β<-0.001, p=0.035), and SES (β=-0.257, p<0.001) were significant negative correlators. More than one-third of Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes experience moderate or high levels of DD. DD was associated with financial, diabetic, physiological, and psychosocial status.

Diabetes distress prevalence, determinants and its association with the treatment regimen -A cross sectional study from north-east India

Background: Diabetes distress (DD) in India has always been studied along with depression. There are no studies explaining the prevalence, correlation with diabetes management. This is study is first of its kind from northeast India. Methods: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of DD and determine the socio-demographic variables. Focus was also on the relationship between treatment regimen and diabetes distress. A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Guwahati, Assam. DD scale was administered on 226 patients reporting to the medicine outpatient department. Data on treatment regimen for diabetes mellitus was collected and formulated. Sample size calculation was done according to the prevailing prevalence estimates. Statistical tests like ANOVA, independent t-tests and regression analysis were used. Results: DD was found to have a prevalence of 43% in our study. Duration of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and low education were associated with higher distress levels. Patients on insulin were found to have greater distress when compared with patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents. Conclusion: DD was found to have higher prevalence in our study. This influences the self-care in diabetes. DD specific modalities have to be incorporated in conventional treatment of diabetes mellitus. Early screening should be foci of interest.

The prevalence of diabetes distress among patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan

ObjectivesDiabetes distress (DD) is a state of emotional distress that evolves from living with chronic disease and the burden of daily adjustments of medications and lifestyle. This study investigated the prevalence of DD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Jordan and the related sociodemographic and medical factors. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 608 patients with T2DM in Jordan, ranging from ages 15 to 80 years. The participants filled out a questionnaire where they were asked to self-assess their DD using the Diabetes Distress Scale. In all, 32 participants were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, which resulted in 576 people being included in this study. ResultsThe overall prevalence of DD was 53% (25% had moderate distress and 28% had high distress). Emotional distress had the highest prevalence among the DD subscales, with a total prevalence of 58.8%. The data showed a significant association of DD with different factors including age, the presence of diabetic complications, the type of medication used, and medication adherence. ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of DD (53%). This finding should raise awareness to healthcare providers about the importance of screening for DD as part of the treatment guidelines, especially in patients who are on multiple medication regimens for DM; patients who have previous medical complications related to DM; and those who exhibit poor adherence to medications, which was found to be a risk factor of DD in this study.

Diabetes Distress in Uninsured Patients with Diabetes During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Observational Study

ABSTRACT This study assessed diabetes distress (DD) and glycemic control levels through three time periods during the COVID-19 pandemic in uninsured patients with diabetes. Diabetes Distress Screening Scales 2 and 17 were utilized to identify the prevalence of DD among uninsured patients during multiple stages of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Providing Access to Healthcare (PATH) diabetes clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. For the 328 uninsured diabetic patients who were screened for DD at least once, the mean age was 46 years old with a majority being Black (55.5%), male (56.1%), and non-Hispanic (89.9%). Mean scores reflecting patients’ level of DD initially increased in the first 6 months of the pandemic, from 2.86 to 3.44, and then decreased after 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic to 3.09, while their mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) followed a similar pattern of initial increase (from 11.31 to 12.13) followed by a decline (to 10.79). Addressing patient concerns quickly through early interventions to provide alternative means of care through telehealth and accommodating safe pick-up of diabetes supplies and medications, including insulin, can reduce DD and contribute to better management of glycemic control. Understanding the potential direct correlation of DD with HbA1c in uninsured patients with diabetes is an important factor for clinicians when providing care to this vulnerable population.

The prevalence of diabetes distress and its association with glycaemia in young people living with insulin-requiring-diabetes in a regional centre in Australia.

Emotional responses, such as feeling overwhelmed with diabetes-related treatment, burnt-out and anxiety, are known as 'diabetes distress'. This study aimed to determine diabetes distress among children, adolescents and parents/carers managing insulin-requiring diabetes in a regional Australian setting, and to assess association with glycaemia. All children, adolescents and their parents/carers attending a regional hospital outpatient diabetes clinic between March 2018 and June 2019 were invited to complete a validated child, adolescent or parent/carer diabetes distress questionnaire. Demographics and time-matched clinical data were obtained from hospital records. A cross-sectional analysis was performed. A total of 43 young people and 30 parents/carers completed a diabetes distress questionnaire during the study period. Diabetes distress was common, with 63% of young people and 67% of parents/carers nominating at least one serious concern. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher glycaemia (HbA1c %) was associated with higher distress scores among both young people (ß 6.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2-9.2, P< 0.001) and carers/parents (ß 5.6, 95% CI:1.5-9.8, P< 0.001). Diabetes distress did not differ by child age, duration of diagnosis or mode of insulin administration. For children, adolescents and carers, 'serious concerns' most commonly related to the impact of diabetes upon family and peer relationships. Diabetes distress was common and associated with sub-optimal glycaemia. Routine screening for diabetes distress should be considered in paediatric services. Development of strategies to minimise diabetes distress for youth and families is required.

Exploring the Needs of Adults Living With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Distress Using the Problem Areas in Diabetes 5 Tool

ObjectivesThis study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a screening tool as a part of routine care and the subsequent screening experiences of patients and clinicians. Additionally, potential sources of diabetes distress (DD) were identified in this clinical population. MethodsOur investigation was a cross-sectional, mixed-methods, convenience sample of 203 patients living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes from 2 Canadian tertiary hospital–based clinics. The Problem Areas in Diabetes 5 (PAID5) scale was used to assess DD. Structured telephone interviews of patients with high DD scores and care provider focus group transcriptions were analyzed using a deductive thematic content analysis. ResultsThe prevalence of DD was 45%. Lack of medication coverage (p=0.02) and presence of neuropathy (p=0.04) were approximately 5- and 2-fold more likely to be predictors of high DD, respectively. Patient interviews identified DD screening as an opportunity to share and feel supported but demonstrated their fear of discussing mental health concerns. Patients found discussion about mental health helpful and often did not require a referral to a mental health specialist. Staff focus groups discussed screening as a feasible tool, but also acknowledged barriers and knowledge gaps that preclude DD screening integration in routine clinical practice. Specialized training for clinicians may help increase confidence and improve uptake of DD screening into routine clinical practice. ConclusionsThe prevalence of DD in outpatient care settings is high. Findings suggest that integrating the PAID5 screening tool into regular clinical practice is feasible by patients and care providers.

Food Insecurity and Diabetes: Evidence of Psychosocial Consequences During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

ObjectivesTo analyze the associations between food insecurity (FI) and diabetes distress (DD) related to COVID-19 in adults with pre-diabetes/diabetes in the United States (US). MethodsWe fielded a national, web-based survey among low-income adults in the US (N = 1,756). Measures included FI status, using the 18-item USDA Household Food Security Module, and DD, using the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models examined the relationship between FI and DD among adults with pre-diabetes, type-1, or type-2 diabetes (n = 317). ResultsOverall, 58.4% of participants reported little/no distress, 15.7% reported moderate distress and 25.9% reported high distress. Adults with FI had a higher prevalence of high DD (43.3% vs. 13.5%) and moderate DD (23.3% vs. 11.9%) compared to individuals with food security (p < 0.001). Compared to individuals with food security, individuals experiencing FI had clinical levels of distress (moderate or high) for the emotional burden subscale (70.4% vs. 27.7%), regimen-related subscale (71.4% vs. 34.7%), interpersonal subscale (23.6% vs. 58.64% vs. 23.6%) and physician-related subscale (57.4% vs. 17.1%). ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, FI was associated with higher DD among individuals with pre-diabetes/diabetes in the US. Healthcare providers should screen for DD and connect patients to resources to help manage their food and mental health needs. Funding SourcesThis research was supported by a grant from Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan. In addition, JAW was supported by the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive And Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Award #K01DK119166) and CWL was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (Award #4R00HD084758). HP was funded as a Sight and Life Scholar by the Sight and Life Global Nutrition Research Institute.

1025-P: Racial Disparities in Diabetes Distress and Technology Use in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: Racial and ethnic minority (REM) youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are less likely to use diabetes technology and are at higher risk for adverse short-term outcomes. Diabetes distress (DD) , associated with less engagement with management and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , may be an additional mediator of this disparity. However, no studies have specifically evaluated DD in REM youth. This study aims to evaluate racial and ethnic disparities in DD and diabetes technology use in adolescents with T1D. Method: We recruited adolescents with T1D (age 13-17) and their parent to complete an online survey. Adolescents were categorized by self-report into Non-Hispanic White (NHW) or REM groups. Result: Of 45 adolescent surveys completed, 62% identified as NHW and 38% as REM. REM adolescents were less likely to use both a continuous glucose monitor and an insulin pump (p=0.001) and had higher HbA1c (p&amp;lt;0.001) . There was a similarly high prevalence of DD (84%) in both groups of adolescents. Parents had a much lower rate of DD (14%, p&amp;lt;0.001) , similar in both racial/ethnic groups. Conclusion: We found disparities in technology use and HbA1c between NHW and REM adolescents. However, the similarly high rate of clinically significant DD confirms the need to address DD to decrease the burden of diabetes and improve outcomes in all racial/ethnic groups. Disclosure A.Wilcox: None. S.Mencher: None. L.M.Nally: Other Relationship; Novo Nordisk. S.A.Weinzimer: Consultant; Dompé, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc.

IDF21-0009 Euthymia – An overlooked target in diabetes management

Background: Euthymia can be described as a state of positive mental health, eustress, and psychological well-being. Diabetes distress (DD) is an emotional response characterised by extreme apprehension, discomfort or dejection, due to perceived inability in coping with the challenges and demands of living with diabetes. Differentiation of diabetes distress from clinical depression is crucial to implement appropriate treatment strategies. India harbours the world second largest population of diabetics but there is very less data on prevalence of DD. Aim: To assess the prevalence of Diabetes distress and its association with various parameters in subjects with T2DM in India. Method: Participants were 650 patients with T2DM attending OPD of an endocrine centre in north India. Detailed history, anthropometry and relevant investigations were carried out. DD was measured using a local language (Punjabi) version of Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17). DDS is a validated 17- item self-report measure with each item scored on a Likert scale from 1 (no distress) to 6 (serious distress). It has sub-scales in 4 domains- Emotional burden (EB), Physician related, Regimen related and Interpersonal distress. Overall score < 2.0 indicates little or no distress, 2.0 - 2.9- moderate distress, and ≥ 3.0 - high distress. Data analysis used SPSS and p<0.005 was significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 48.6 ± 9.9 years. Prevalence of DD was 28.9%, with moderate distress in 20.4% and high distress in 8.5%. Mean total DD score was 2.27 ± 0.99. Mean score was higher in women (2.45 ± 1.17) than in men (1.95 ± 0.79) (p-0.02). Mean for EB, physician related, regimen related and interpersonal distress were (2.5 ± 0.91), (1.75 ± 0.69), (1.90 ± 0.94), (1.93 ± 0.78) respectively. Total DD had significant association with BMI, diabetes duration, Hba1c, neuropathy, nephropathy and insulin use. Discussion: Mental health dysfunction and hyperglycaemia have a bidirectional relationship, therefore in DM patients in addition to the evaluation of glycemic levels, measurement of distress is crucial for optimal outcomes. Our study using Punjabi version of DDS 17, identifies high prevalence of DD (28.9%) in Indian subjects with T2DM and the higher levels of distress in women. Our findings are similar to a meta-analysis by Perrin et al. which included 55 studies mainly from the western countries. As the burden of mental health dysfunction is high in DM patient, euthymia should be considered as an important target in diabetes care. Identification of cause of distress and optimisation of practical aspects of diabetes distress management, contributes for overall health and well-being of affected individual. Local language versions of DDS-17 can be conveniently used in clinical practice, for timely detection of DD and plan its appropriate management, which is purely based on patient–provider conversation and communication.

Abstract 123: Prevalence of diabetes distress and its relationship with glycemic control using mobileapplication administered diabetes distress scale - Insights from Fitterfly Diabetes Digital Therapeutics Program

Abstract 123: Prevalence of diabetes distress and its relationship with glycemic control using mobileapplication administered diabetes distress scale - Insights from Fitterfly Diabetes Digital Therapeutics Program

Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Diabetes Distress in Community-Dwelling Elderly in Qom, Iran.

Background:Diabetes distress (DD) is common among the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but few studies investigated this problem and its related factors in the elderly population. This study has focused on the prevalence rate of DD and its determinants in community-dwelling elderly in Qom, Iran.Methods:This study was cross-sectional. A total of 519 subjects community-dwelling with T2D participated in the study. Collected data contained sociodemographic information, some clinical variables (body mass index and duration of diabetes) knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Participants' distress was measured via diabetes distress scale (DDS). The cut of 3 (≥3) was considered as the presence of distress. Also, the attitude, self-efficacy, and knowledge about diabetes were measured by questioner. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to detect predictors of DD.Results:The mean age of the participants was 68.38 ± 6.78 and 53.6% were female. Among the participants, 48.6% were identified with positive DD. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, being female (odds ration [OR] = 1.688, P = 0.009), being widowed or divorced (OR = 1.629, P = 0.027), being over-weight or obese (OR = 1.627, P = 0.027), and having less than 10 years in disease duration (OR = 1.721, P = 0.029), attitude (OR = 0.590, P < 0.001), and self-efficacy (OR = 0.658, P = 0.009) were identified as the independent predictors of DD. No significant association was found between DD and age, occupational status, education level, and knowledge (P > 0.05).Conclusions:The prevalence of DD is considerable among the elderly in Qom. It seems that more attention should be paid to the mental aspects of the patients with T2D specially in high risk groups.

Prevalence of diabetes distress and associated factors among patients with diabetes using antihypertensive medications in community health centres in Bandung City, Indonesia

Diabetes distress is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which remains unrecognized in primary care settings. A higher level of diabetes distress was found among T2DM patients with comorbidities. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence rate of diabetes distress and its association with sociodemographic factors among T2DM patients using antihypertensive medication in Bandung City, Indonesia. An observational cross-sectional survey was performed in six community health centres in Bandung City, Indonesia, among T2DM patients aged at least 18 years who were using antihypertensive medications. Diabetes distress subscales (emotional, regimen, interpersonal, and physician-related distress) were evaluated using the validated Diabetes Distress Scale. Pearson χ2 and Mann–Whitney tests were performed to assess the associations of patients’ sociodemographic factors (age, gender, insurance type, education, and duration since diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension) with diabetes distress. Of 105 patients who participated and completed the survey (response rate 93.8%), most of them were female and were aged 60-69 years. A total of 38 patients (36.2%) had moderate-high diabetes distress with emotional (56.2%) and regimen (53.3%) distress as the most commonly reported distress. Moderate-high emotional and regimen diabetes distress were significantly higher among the elderly (p 0.014) and patients who could not afford to pay the health insurance premium (p 0.012). Emotional and regimen distress as dominant forms of diabetes distress was observed among T2DM patients using antihypertensive medications. A routine diabetes distress assessment is needed in T2DM patients with comorbidity in primary care settings.

Piloting an Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Young Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: The Experience of the D1 Now Support Worker.

D1 Now is a novel intervention which aims to support self-management and clinic engagement and improve outcomes in young adults (18-25 years) living with type 1 diabetes in Ireland. It has been developed using a systematic, theoretical, user-centred approach. The specific role of the Support Worker, one of three components of the D1 Now intervention, was developed to provide continuity and build relationships between young adults and their diabetes team. A Support Worker - an Occupational Therapist, who had a background in youth mental health - was hired as part of the D1 Now pilot randomised controlled trial and was based in one intervention site to join the existing diabetes team. The Support Worker aimed to provide an accessible and consistent point of contact for young adults, facilitated conversations about distress, and encouraged graded goal setting and collaborative problem solving. The role afforded her with a unique window into the lived experiences of young adults with type 1 diabetes where she observed the ongoing negotiation of life and living alongside diabetes care and management. The prevalence of diabetes distress was high in the study cohort with particular challenges associated with 'all or nothing' thinking patterns as well as disordered eating behaviours. The Support Worker also played an advocacy role in supporting the diabetes team's awareness of young adults' needs and explored current barriers to care. Preliminary findings from the D1 Now pilot have identified that the role of the Support Worker was viewed positively from the perspective of young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Prevalence of diabetes distress and its relationship with self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Context:Diabetes distress (DD) in India has been studied mainly in the context of depression. Little is known about DD, its determinants, distribution, and its impact.Aims:This study aims to estimate the prevalence of DD and identify its socio-demographic and clinical determinants in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. To assess the relationship of DD with self-management in nondepressed type 2 diabetes mellitus.Settings and Design:A cross-sectional descriptive study in noncommunicable disease clinic of a tertiary care medical center.Subjects and Methods:DD Scale was used to assess DD in 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire was used to evaluate self-management behavior. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 was used to exclude depression.Statistical Analysis Used:Sample size calculation was done as per prevailing prevalence estimates. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. ANOVA and Independent t-tests were done to compare between groups means. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was done, keeping self-management as a dependent variable and socio-demographic, clinical variables, and DD as independent variables.Results:The prevalence of DD was 42% in our sample. The duration of diabetes showed that a significant association with DD. DD was significantly and negatively associated with all four domains of self-management, while statistical significance was reached in three domains: dietary control (β = −0.378, P < 0.01); glucose management (β = −0.181, P < 0.01); and healthcare use (β = −0.244, P < 0.01).Conclusions:DD is widespread in our patients and harms self-management. There is a need to address DD to improve disease-specific outcomes.

Prevalence of Diabetes Distress among People with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care in Qatar : A Cross - Sectional Study

Prevalence of Diabetes Distress among People with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care in Qatar : A Cross - Sectional Study

Identifying the Burden and Predictors of Diabetes Distress among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background:Diabetes is a psychologically challenging medical condition. Diabetes distress (DD) refers to the unique, often hidden emotional burdens and worries that the patient experiences when managing diabetes.Objective:The objective of the study was to find the burden and identify the predictors of DD in adult Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Materials and Methods:Two hundred and fifty T2DM patients were recruited for this study from the endocrine outpatient department from February to April 2019. DD was measured using the Diabetic Distress Scale.Results:The prevalence of DD was 19.6%. The risk of DD was 4.25 times more in those aged ≤45 years as compared to those aged >45 years. Patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8% had 8.8 times more DD. Patients on insulin had more DD (5.4 times) as compared to patients who were on oral antidiabetic drugs. Patients with a history of treatment interruption had 11 times more risk of DD as compared to patients who did not.Conclusions:DD was found to be high among patients aged ≤45 years, illiterates, patients on insulin, patients with a history of treatment interruption, and those with HbA1c >8%. Patients with high DD were found to have higher HbA1c levels.