Prevalence Of Depression In Type Research Articles

Prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients and its impact on glycemic control

Prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients and its impact on glycemic control

Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background and Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is known as one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases worldwide, so the aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of depression in people with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review and metaanalysis by examining Scientific Information Database (SID), Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect and Google Scholar without time limit starting until May 2023. Results: the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in Iran was reported to be 51.7% (CI: 44.4-59, 95%). With the increase in the sample size, the prevalence of depression in sufferers increases (P<0.001) and with the increase in the years of studies and the age of pregnant women, the prevalence decreases (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the prevalence of depression in people with type 2 diabetes in Iran is at a high level, and it is necessary for the purposeful implementation of preventive measures and to reach lower levels, the attention of health policymakers to the quality of life of people with diabetes and also mental problems and their behavior should be directed in addition to therapeutic measures.

Prevalence of Depression in adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East countries and the factors associated with it: A systematic review

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle East countries and the factors associated with it. Method: This narrative systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review guidelines. Studies published from January 2000 to December 2020 were retrieved through database search engines from PubMed, EMBASE, Medline Ovid, and Google Scholar. Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: A total of 12 studies were retrieved from search databases from 8 different countries in the Middle East including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Israel, and Palestine, and the data are summarized in narration. The prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East is found to be fairly high ranging from 17% to 74.4%. Egypt has the highest prevalence of depression whereas UAE has the lowest. Female gender, uncontrolled glycemia, and diabetic complications are the major predictors of depression in type 2 diabetics. Longer duration of diabetes, low education, low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, and insulin users are among other associated factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle East countries is high with a wide-ranging difference. The factors associated with the development of depression in type 2 diabetes need to be addressed and taken care of. Lack of meta-analysis is the major limitation of this study that could be considered for future reviews. Keywords: depression, adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Middle East

The Association of the Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Visual-Related Quality of Life and Social Support.

AimTo report the prevalence of depression and its association with vision-related quality of life and social support in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population.MethodsPatients were recruited from a community-based study, Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 in China. Depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Vision-related quality of life was evaluated using the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Social support was captured with the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Generalized linear models were used to estimate the individual and joint association of VFQ-25 composite score (VFQCS) and SSRS score (SSRSS) with depression.ResultsA total of 1618 subjects (60.9% female) aged 61.69 ± 8.72 years in an urban district of Jiangjun Street, Fushun City, Liaoning province, Northeast China from July 2012 to May 2013 were recruited, of which, 23.36% (95% CI: 21.30–25.42%) were identified with depression. Every 14.1 increase in VFQ-25 composite score decreased the risk of depression by half (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6); with the elevation of 10.0 SSRS score the risk of depression decreased by 40% (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.7). Patients with the VFQCS less than 91.3 and SSRSS less than 38.0 had 5.9 times more risk of depression (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.6–9.7). Age (over 60 years) (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) and medical history of cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5) were independently correlated with depression symptom.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression is high among patients with T2DM in urban district in northeast China. Vision-related quality of life and social support scores are significantly associated with depression. Measures should be taken to screen depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes patients. These patients need to be intervened with appropriate and effective treatment as early as possible. Meanwhile, behavioral health specialists should guide the patient to get and use social support sources effectively.

Depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the Northeast region of Vietnam

Background and aimsHerein, we aim to examine the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients at a provincial general hospital located in the Northeast region of Vietnam and to explore its relationship with some sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical history characteristics. Materials and methodsThis was a single-centre cross-sectional descriptive study. The patients of both sexes who were at the age of 18 years or above, were treated at our institution and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, previously or during the study period. A total of 220 patients were included in the study. ResultsDepression prevalence was 32.27% according to ICD–10. The severity of depression was categorized as mild in 77.46% patients, moderate in 19.72% patients and severe in 2.82% patients. The odds of depression was 0.18 (95%CI 0.05–0.69, p = 0.012) less for those known as the upper social class compared with those in lower social class. Those who were not on insulin treatment had significantly higher odds of depression than those on treatment with insulin (OR 2.06, 95%CI: 1.01–4.21). Individuals on treatment without oral diabetes drugs had higher odd of depression compared to those being treated with oral diabetes drugs (OR 2.77, 95%CI: 1.14–6.73). Also, hypertension was an increasing contributor to the depression prevalence (OR 2.32, 95%CI: 1.10–4.90). ConclusionsA high prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was documented. Only significant factors for depression were lower social class, co-morbid hypertension and none of the insulin treatment or oral diabetes drugs.

An assessment of depression in type-II diabetics presenting at tertiary care hospital

Objective: To assess the frequency of depression in type-II diabetics presenting at tertiary care hospital. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from April 2020 to October 2020 over the period of 6 months. Total 200 type-II diabetics having age 20-65 years either male or female were selected for this study. Depression was assessed in selected by using DSM-IV criteria for Depression. Results: Mean age was 54.37 ± 5.88 years. Out of 200 patients of diabetes, depression was noted in 46 (23%) patients. Most (98,49%) of the patients were between 51-65 years but difference of depression with age group was not statistically significant with p value 0.8958. Total 19 (20.88%) male patients and 27 (24.77%) female patients were found with depression. But depression was insignificantly associated with gender with p value 0.6315. Total 11 (14.29%) patients found with depression having duration of diabetes mellitus ≤3 years and 35 (28.46%) patients found with depression having duration of diabetes mellitus >3 years. Depression was significantly associated with duration of diabetes mellitus with p value 0.032. Conclusion: Our study concluded that prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was much higher and have shown positive association with extremes of ages and duration of disease. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, depression, socioeconomic status, physical recovery

Evaluate the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications.

Introduction:Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world that is accompanied with many microvascular complications. Any chronic disease such as diabetes can cause types of mood disorders such as depression in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications.Execution Method:In this cross-sectional study, type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications that referred to Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital during 2016–2017 were studied. After verification of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients, 100 patients were enrolled in the study and correlated between variables such as age, sex, body mass index, medication, education, retinopathy, nephropathy, marital status, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar was investigated in patients given the possibility of depression.Results:The results of this study showed that 72% of patients were with depression and by evaluating the mentioned variables with depression disorder it was found that there was a significant relationship between fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, retinopathy, medication, and LDL with depression.Conclusion:Given the high prevalence of depression (72%) in diabetics in this study, it seems that psychiatric consultation is needed to diagnose depression in diabetics.

A Study of Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

A Study of Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

Transcultural prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients in Egypt and Yemen

Transcultural prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients in Egypt and Yemen

Prevalence of depression in Type 1 diabetes and the problem of over-diagnosis.

To determine the prevalence of depression and diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes and the rate of false-positives when compared with rates of major depressive disorder. The sample consisted of 368 individuals with Type 1 diabetes, aged > 19 years. Individuals completed: the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ8), which was coded using four scoring criteria (scores > 10, >12 and >15, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM) algorithm scores); the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale; and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) to assess major depressive disorder. The prevalence rates of depression according to the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire were: score >10, 11.4%; score >12, 7.1%; score >15, 3.8%; and positive algorithm result, 4.6%. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 3.5%; and the prevalence of at least moderate diabetes distress was 42.1%. Depending on the criterion used, the false-positive rate when using the Patient Health Questionnaire compared with the results when using the SCID varied from 52 to 71%. Of those classified as depressed on the PHQ-8 or Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, between 92.3 and 96.2% also reported elevated diabetes distress. No significant association was found between any group classed as having depression according to the PHQ8 or the SCID and HbA1c concentration. Depression was significantly associated with more other life stress, more complications and a lower level of education. We found an unexpectedly low rate of current depression and major depressive disorder in this diverse sample of adults with Type 1 diabetes, and a very high rate of false-positive results using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Considering the high prevalence of diabetes distress, much of what has been considered depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes may be attributed to the emotional distress associated with managing a demanding chronic disease and other life stressors and not necessarily to underlying psychopathology.

Prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in German primary care practices

AimsTo analyse depression in German type 2 diabetes patients with or without diabetes complications. MethodsLongitudinal data from nationwide general practices in Germany (n=1,202) were analysed. People initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (2004–2013) were identified and 90,412 patients were included (age: 65.5 years, SD: 11.7). The main outcome measure was the first diagnosis of depression (ICD 10: F32, F33) within ten years after index date in patients with and without diabetes complications. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounders. ResultsAt baseline, most patients had diabetes complications and 6.4% of them had private insurance. Ten years after type 2 diabetes diagnosis, 30.3% of patients showed symptoms of depression. The prevalence of depression was higher in women than in men (33.7% versus 26.8%), in patients with high HbA1c levels (31.3% when Hb1Ac≥9 versus 27.5% when HbA1c<7) and in patients with diabetes complications (37.7% when there were more than two complications versus 29.1% when there were no complications). Women and patients without private health insurance were at a higher risk of developing depression. Retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, coronary heart disease, stroke and HbA1c levels higher than 7 were also positively associated with depression. ConclusionsDiabetes complications and high HbA1c levels had a substantial impact on depression in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.

REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO NA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

The type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes severe suffering and medical, psychological and social problems. Depression is a psychiatric disorder that has a high comorbidity wi th type 2 diabetes. Patients with clinical diagnosis of major depressive episode show diabetic symptoms more intensely than non- depressed patients. Comorbidity of depression in pa tients with type 2 diabetes is directly related to a poor prognosis of diabetes, impaired glycemic control, increased heal thcare costs and greater probability of hospitaliza tion and death. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the pr evalence of depression in the type 2 diabetes melli tus from a systematic literature review. The search in PubMed virtual library of papers published in the XXI cent ury (in international medical journals with blind peer revi ew process) produced 14 articles describing primary data on the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes. Preval ence of depression in diabetic patients 2 in the sa mple of articles analyzed ranged between 2.6 % and 70 % (mean = 33.10 %). In all the articles analyzed, the prevalence of depression in diabetics was significantly higher than the prevale nce of depression in non-diabetics. The prevalence of depression in diabetic women was significantly higher than the pr evalence of depression in diabetic men. These findi ngs highlight the importance of attention to the psychiatric aspects of diabetic patients.

Prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients in Trinidad and Tobago.

Depression is a common problem among those suffering from diabetes mellitus. The dual diagnoses of a chronic medical disease and mental disorder, symptomatic presentation and stringent treatment regimen are sources of psychological distress for patients and present a major challenge for healthcare workers. In a cross-sectional study, one hundred and twenty-eight Type 2 diabetic patients were investigated for depression using the Zung Depression Scale. All cases were diagnosed by a physician and patients were selected from outpatient clinics of the four major hospitals in Trinidad. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression and t-test were utilized to examine the relationship between participant's age, gender, glucose control, coexisting medical complications and depression. The patients were primarily Indo-Trinidadians (49%), over 50 years (79.7%) and women (60%). The prevalence of depression was 17.9% of Type 2 diabetic patients reporting mild to moderate levels of depression. Female Type 2 diabetics had higher scores of depression (M = 42.13, SD = 9.83, p = 0.011) than male Type 2 diabetics (M = 38.71, SD = 8.9). Patients with coexisting medical complications had higher levels of depression (M = 44.01, SD = 9.52) than those with diabetes alone (M = 37.74, SD = 8.79, p = 0.000). The prevalence of depression in Type 2 diabetic patientS highlights the necessity for psychological screening at diabetic health clinics in Trinidad and Tobago, particularly for women and those with co-morbid medical complications. This will aid in better control, quality of life and longevity.

Association of depression with type 2 diabetes and relevant factors.

Background:Based on the high prevalence of diabetes and depression in Rasht, we conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients, and its association with glycemic control, chronic complications, and some clinical and paraclinical parameters in this northern state of Iran.Materials and Methods:Beck depression inventory was used for evaluating depression on 90 type 2 diabetics and 90 healthy controls selected. Information on demographic and clinical and paraclinical characteristics was collected by interviews and from medical records.Results:This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 type 2 diabetic patients (63 female and 27 male with a mean age of 54.17 ± 10.57 years) and 90 healthy matched controls. Overall, depression was significantly more prevalent in case group [37.8% vs. 16%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.29, P = 0.001]. The prevalence of depression in diabetic women was significantly higher than nondiabetic ones (39.7% vs. 15%, P = 0.002). We could not find any significant correlation between depression and positive family history of depression, duration of diabetes, HBA1c level, and body mass index. The prevalence of depression was prominently more in diabetic patients with retinopathy than in those without this complication (55.6% vs. 24%, P = 0.015). Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes itself was the only significant determinant of having depression (OR = 3.29, P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval: 0.118-0.667).Conclusion:There was a prominent prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetics overall. Depression was not correlated with duration of diabetes and glycemic control. There was a significant association between depression and retinopathy in diabetic patients. Diabetes itself was the only significant determinant of having depression after matching with other variables.

Diabetes and Mental Health

Diabetes and Mental Health

Prefrontal Cortical Deficits in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

CONTEXT Neural substrates that may be responsible for the high prevalence of depression in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate neuroanatomic correlates of depression in T1DM. DESIGN Case-control study using high-resolution brain magnetic resonance images. SETTINGS Joslin Diabetes Center and McLean Hospital, Massachusetts, and Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea. PARTICIPANTS A total of 125 patients with T1DM (44 subjects with ≥1 previous depressive episodes [T1DM-depression group] and 81 subjects who had never experienced depressive episodes [T1DM-only group]), 23 subjects without T1DM but with 1 or more previous depressive episodes (depression group), and 38 healthy subjects (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Spatial distributions of cortical thickness for each diagnostic group were compared with the control group using a surface-based approach. Among patients with T1DM, associations between metabolic control measures and cortical thickness deficits were examined. RESULTS Thickness reduction in the bilateral superior prefrontal cortical regions was observed in the T1DM-depression, T1DM-only, and depression groups relative to the control group at corrected P&lt;.01. Conjunction analyses demonstrated that thickness reductions related to the influence of T1DM and those related to past depressive episode influence were observed primarily in the superior prefrontal cortical region. Long-term glycemic control levels were associated with superior prefrontal cortical deficits in patients with T1DM (β=-0.19, P=.02). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that thickness reduction of prefrontal cortical regions in patients with T1DM, as modified by long-term glycemic control, could contribute to the increased risk for comorbid depression.

Comorbidity of Depression and Diabetes: In a Nutshell

Depression and diabetes mellitus (DM) have existed since ages. Yet, the etiologies of both diseases are unclear till date. However, the effects resulting from these diseases are well documented. Comorbidity of both disorders leads to increase disability and mortality rates. Besides presenting the epidemiological status of depression in DM, this review aims to highlight the different hypotheses governing the association of depression in DM and summarize the current trend in detection and management of depression. A high index of suspicion is required to detect depression in diabetic patients. There seems to be higher prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes. Treatment should be tailored as per the individual needs and presence of comorbidity. Though there is no gold standard treatment for depressive diabetics, combinations of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are likely to improve outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are preferred to conventional antidepressants. Collaborative care, psychoeducation and behavioral interventions are helpful in motivating patients to maintain treatment and improve psychological well-being and quality of life. Untreated depression in diabetics is costly to the health care and economic system as there is an increase in functional impairment and mortality rate. More efforts need to be made to effectively screen, diagnose and treat patients with comorbidity of diabetes and depression.

Greater Prevalence of Depression in Type I Diabetic Patients: Correlation with Decreased Plasma Tryptophan

The present study was designed to determine the frequency of major and minor depression in type I Diabetes and to relate the occurrence of depression with plasma tryptophan levels. Study was conducted during the period January 2011 to September 2011 at two private hospitals of North Nazimabad in Karachi; Hanif hospital and Haleem hospital. 100 diabetic subjects were selected out of which 50 were males and 50 were females. Likewise the controls were also in the same number. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded from the study. The study was done to evaluate major and minor depression in diabetic and control subjects. Blood samples from all the participants were collected in fasting from anticubital vein to determine plasma TRP levels. Plasma TRP levels were measured by HPLC-UV method. Our data showed that among the control male subjects 5% were having minor depression while 95% were with no depression, while among test subjects 34% were having major depression, 66% were with minor symptoms of depression. However, among the female controls 13% were suffering with minor depression while 87% were with no depression. Among the female test subjects, 50% were having major depression and 50% were having minor depression. Present study showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in plasma tryptophan levels in both male and female diabetic patients as compared to healthy non-diabetic controls. The present finding suggests that frequency of major and minor depression is increased in diabetes. Present findings indicate that decreased plasma TRP levels and lowered brain 5-HT levels may be responsible for depression seen in diabetics.

P-533 - The correlation between depression and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Depression is frequent in people with diabetes mellitus, particularly in those with microvascular complications, as diabetic nephropathy is. Objective To realise a two years prospective study in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy, in order to explore the impact of depression in them. Methods and materials A prospective, observational study was realised at a hospital and two diagnostic centers in Tirana. 110 patients (55 males and 55 females) with T2DM, aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled in 2008. Exclusion criteria were personal and familial history for mental illness. For each patient were prescribed: gender, age, duration of diabetes, oldness of diabetic nephropathy, blood glucose level, HbA1c level, UAE level, education and nature of work. The evaluation of depression was done according to Hamilton Depression Scale, by psychiatrists. Results 83% of the studied cases with diabetic nephropathy resulted with a level of depression. 39% of them result with mild depression, 31% with moderate depression, 21% with severe depression and 9% with very severe depression. Depression was strongly associated with age, male gender, HbA1c levels, UAE rate, duration of diabetic nephropathy, the presence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot disease, education level and mental work. However, the likelihood of depression was not significant with duration of diabetes and insulin use. Conclusions This study showed high prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. So, the management of chronic complications of diabetes is important for the depression prevention in type 2 DM patients.

The prevalence of co‐morbid depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes: systematic literature review

To review the literature estimating the cross-sectional prevalence of clinical depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Electronic databases and published references were used to identify studies published between January 2000 and June 2004, with a previous meta-analysis used to identify studies before 1 January 2000. Between January 2000 and June 2004, a further five eligible studies were identified. Only one was a controlled study using diagnostic interviewing to determine rates of depression. Taking all of the eligible studies identified by the previous meta-analysis and this search, the prevalence of clinical depression in controlled studies was 12.0% for people with diabetes compared with 3.2% for control subjects. In studies with no control group, the prevalence of clinical depression was 13.4%. There are wide-ranging differences reported in the various studies on the prevalence of depression in Type 1 diabetes. In view of the differing methods of diagnosis and small participant numbers, the results should be viewed with caution. A controlled study using diagnostic interviewing techniques to determine levels of depression is recommended to provide a clearer picture of both the prevalence and characteristics of that depression.