Prevalence Of Depression In Mothers Research Articles

Major depressive episode in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in the Southern Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals and families, causing adverse psychological effects, especially in young adults, women, and parents. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of current major depressive episode (CMDE) in mothers of preschoolers (up to five years old) and its associated stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality in the Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with mothers. All mothers were interviewed by telephone call during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) to assess the presence of CMDE. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression. We evaluated 666 mothers. The prevalence of CMDE was 12.3%. Mothers with financial losses had 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3-3.4) more odds of presenting CMDE than those financially stable. We observed that financial losses were determinant for the higher prevalence of depression in mothers.

Factors associated with paternal perinatal depression in fathers of newborns in Nigeria

Introduction: There is a lack of information on paternal postnatal depression in developing countries such as Nigeria.Methods: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression in fathers at the birth of their infants and the incidence of paternal postnatal depression at 6 weeks postpartum. We also examined the correlation between paternal postpartum depression (PPD) at 6 weeks and maternal PPD as well as the sociodemographic and other correlates of paternal PPD at 6 weeks.Results: All the 331 fathers recruited at baseline completed the study. Prevalence of depression in fathers at birth of their babies was 10 (3%). After excluding the 3%, the incidence of PPD in fathers (N = 321) at 6 weeks was 19 (5.9%). In all, 29 (8.8%) fathers had PPD. The prevalence of depression in mothers at 6 weeks postpartum was 57 (17.8%). The prevalence of depression in mothers at 6 weeks was significantly higher than the incidence of depression in fathers at 6 weeks (X2 = 26.2, p < .001). There was no significant correlation between maternal PPD and paternal PPD. At baseline, prevalence of PPD among the unemployed fathers was higher than in the employed, 3 (21.4%) versus 7 (2.2%), this was significant (FE p < .01). There was no significant correlate of paternal PPD at 6 weeks.Discussion: Postpartum mental health services should be extended to fathers of newborns especially those who are unemployed. Our findings have implications for family health.

Prevalence of depression in mothers of intellectually disabled children: A cross-sectional study

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a permanent and highly disabling condition. The birth of a disabled child induces complex feelings in mother and other family members. This study was planned to investigate phenomenology of ID and the prevalence of depression in their mothers. Objective: To find prevalence, influence of various sociodemographic variables, and its clinical correlation with depression in mothers of ID children. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients diagnosed as ID were included in the study. Objective data were collected in a special Pro forma, and mothers of these patients were evaluated with the Beck's Anxiety Inventory and Beck's Depression Inventory. Results: The mean age of patients with ID was 11.52 years, had received an average of 3.01 years of schooling, mean age at diagnosis was 6.01 years, mean intelligence quotient was 45.17, and 79% had significant comorbidities. The prevalence of depression in mothers was 79%; it was more in mothers of female ID child, ID child with significant comorbidities, severer forms of retardation, and with higher levels of anxiety in the mother. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in mothers of ID children in the present study seems to be much greater than those reported from the previous studies. The determination of predictors of depression among mothers of ID children may help health professionals in identifying mothers at risk. Regular screening of mothers of ID children should be included in the protocol for management.

Prevalence of depression in mothers of children having ASD

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder that impairs a child's communication and social interaction and causes the development of stereotypic or repetitive behaviours or interests. Aim of the studyTo find out the prevalence of depression in mothers of children with ASD. Materials and methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study design was chosen for the study. Convenience sampling method was used to enrol 125 mothers of children with ASD from Autism clinic, Department of Paediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi from June to November 2013. Data regarding socio-demographic details, health history profile and selected variables of the mothers was collected using a structured questionnaire. Inventory of depressive symptomatology (IDS-SR30), a standardised, structured inventory which contained 30 items was used to assess the depressive symptoms in the mothers. ResultsOver three-quarters (76.8%) of the mothers reported depression. Levels of depression in the mothers were significantly associated with their physical health and quality of life. Mothers of children with severe autism (44.8%) had higher levels of depression than those with mild (25.6%) and moderate (29.6%) degrees of autism. ConclusionMothers of children with ASD need to be screened for the presence of clinical depression and given social support, psycho-education and appropriate referral so that correct treatment can be started at the earliest; thus the mothers would be able to manage their life situations in a better way and to cope with the behavioural and social impairments of their child.

Depression in Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation Reporting at Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine prevalence of depression in mothers of children with mental retardation using the ICD-10 criteria for depression. Material & Method: This cross sectional study was conducted at Psychiatry outpatient Department, Civil Hospital Karachi. Three hundred twenty three mothers were included in the study and interviewed between the periods of October 2014 to April 2015. Mothers of children with mental retardationwere assessed for depressive disorder using ICD-10criteria for depression. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Number of depressed mothers who have mentally retarded child was more as compared to non depressed mothers. The association of depression to their marital status was found to be significant (p-value 0.009) revealing that single parenting mothers were more vulnerable to depression as compared to children living with both parents. Most of the depressed mothers were more educated (p-value 0.00) and were mostly graduates, and had their child in the older age group that is 9 to 12 years (p-value 0.03) and had a female child. (Table 2) effected (p-value 0.00). The association of maternal age and socioeconomic status with depression was found to be insignificant (p-value 0.43 and 0.37 respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of depression in mothers of mentally retarded children and highlights the need for help. Strategy should be reinforced in the clinical settings to screen such mothers for Depression.

The clinical profile of mentally retarded children in India and prevalence of depression in mothers of the mentally retarded.

Background:Mental retardation (MR) has a varied phenomenology in different parts of the world. While studying MR, psychological issues of caretakers are equally relevant. A study to investigate the phenomenology of MR in Indian children and the prevalence of depression in their mothers was planned in a teaching institute in Madhya Pradesh with an attached tertiary care hospital.Objectives:The objective of the following study is to study the clinical profile of mentally retarded children in the study sample, prevalence of depression in the mothers and investigate various factors affecting it.Study Design:A cross-sectional study.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 patients diagnosed as MR were included in the study. Objective data was collected in a special proforma and mothers of these individuals were subjected to evaluation with Beck's Anxiety Inventory and the 17 item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.Results:The mean age of patients in the sample was 11.6 years, had received an average of 2.42 years of schooling, mean age at diagnosis of MR was 6.5 years and their mean IQ was 53. Out of the total 60 patients, 88% of the patients had significant co-morbidities. The prevalence of depression in mothers was 85% and it was more in mothers of, the ones with significant co-morbidities (OR = 2.67), severer forms of retardation and with higher levels of anxiety in the mother.Conclusions:Prevalence of depression in mothers of mentally retarded children in India seems to be much greater than those reported from studies around the world. Medical services offered to the mentally retarded should move from an individual level to the family level, especially toward the mothers, who are the main caretakers. Counseling services, treatment if required and regular screening of mothers of the mentally retarded should be included in the protocol for management of mental retardation.

Prevalence of depression in mothers of children suffering from psychiatric and physical disorders

The Journal is the primary organ of Continuing Paediatric Medical Education in Sri Lanka. The journal also has a website. Free full text access is available for all readers.The Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is now indexed in SciVerse Scopus (Source Record ID 19900193609), Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region (IMSEAR), CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Global Health Database), DOAJ and is available in Google, as well as Google Scholar.The policies of the journal are modelled on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines on Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is recognised by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as a publication following the ICMJE Recommendations.

Depression in mothers of burned children

The treatment of burned children needs to address also their psychic state. Since the child's emotional state depends heavily on the emotional state of its parents, especially the mother's, interest should also be focused on diagnosing and treating secondary psychiatric disorders in mothers of burned children. The AIM of this work was to study the prevalence of depression in mothers of burned children and its predicting factors. The enrolment of mothers of burned children was done in the Burns Department, Ibn Rushd University Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. Twenty-eight mothers of seriously burned children agreed to participate in this study. A psychiatric interview was conducted after informed consent was obtained. The mothers completed a questionnaire; the diagnosis was made according to DSM IV criteria using the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were used to evaluate respectively the intensity of depression and the level of anxiety. Social functioning was assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). The minimum time interval between the child's being burned and the interview with the mother was one month. The prevalence of depression was 35.7%, which is much higher in the mothers of burned children as compared to the general population. Several risk factors were found such as: several burned children or burn of the only child, severity and complications of burn, and the socio-economic level. Depression is a common disorder in mothers of burned children. Thus early screening for depression in mothers and psychological and psychiatric support must be provided in conjunction with the treatment of the burned child.

MATERNAL DEPRESSION FOLLOWING VERY PRETERM BIRTH † 1584

Aim: To ascertain the prevalence of depression in mothers following a very preterm (VP < 33weeks) or VLBW delivery and to test if a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (CBTI) program reduces the prevalence. Design: Randomized single blind control trial; stratified for gestation < 28 weeks and parity. Subjects: English speaking mothers of VP/VLBW infants admitted to KEMH nursery.Intervention: A 6 session CBTI program provided by a research midwife between weeks 3 to 6 after birth. Outcome: Depression and stress disorders assessed by a research clinical psychologist at structured interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia (SADS), using Research Diagnostic Criteria at 2 weeks, 2,6 and 12 months.Results: Of 220 mothers enrolled 21 were depressed at initial interview and not randomized, 199 mothers were randomized (102 CBTI: 97 Control). There were no differences in gestation, parity, previous history of depression or other demographic or obstetric factor between the groups.There was no effect of the CBTI on the prevalence of depression; 25/102 (24.5%) CBTI v 20/97 (20.6%) Control [Relative Risk 1.2 (95% CI 0.71,2.0)]. Overall 66/220(30%) of mothers experienced a minor or major depressive illness in the first 6-12 months. An additional 12 mothers had a diagnosed stress reaction giving a total prevalence of psychiatric disorder of 88/220 (40%).Conclusions: Maternal depression is common after VP delivery. A CBTI program did not reduce this prevalence. Paediatricians have a duty of care to assess maternal psychological well-being during follow-up of these infants. Maternal depression may account for some of the increased behavioural and cognitive problems reported in very preterm or very low birthweight infants.

The effect of a child's disability on mother's mental health.

The prevalence of maternal depression was investigated in the mothers of 96 children: 30 premature infants at risk for the development of cerebral palsy; 35 premature infants considered not to be at risk for the development of cerebral palsy; and 31 healthy fullterm infants. There were equally high levels of depression in all three groups of mothers, regardless of birth status, prediction of disability, or presence of actual disability, throughout the first year of the children's lives. Depressed mothers were, however, found to have significantly more psychosocial stress. An early physiotherapy intervention had no effect on the prevalence of depression in mothers whose children were at risk for the development of cerebral palsy.

Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons.

To determine whether the apparent additional and exceptional stresses associated with bearing and parenting twins affect the emotional wellbeing of mothers. Great Britain, 1970-5. Cohort study of 13,135 children born between 4 April and 11 April 1970. Mothers of all children, both singletons and twins, were interviewed by health visitors (providing demographic data) and completed a self report measure of emotional well-being (the Rutter malaise inventory) when the child was 5 years of age. The malaise scores of mothers of twins were compared with those of all mothers of singletons and then with those of mothers categorised by the age spacing of their children (only one child, widely spaced, or closely spaced), taking account of maternal age, social class, and whether the study child had a disability, by using logistic regression. 139 mothers of twins--122 pairs of twins and 17 twins whose cotwin had died--and 12,573 controls, who were mothers of singletons. A significantly higher proportion of mothers of twins at 5 years had malaise scores indicative of depression than mothers of singletons at the same age. Mothers who had borne twins, one of whom had subsequently died, had the highest malaise scores and were three times more likely than mothers of singletons to experience depression. Both mothers of twin pairs and mothers of singletons closely spaced in age were at significantly higher risk of experiencing depression than mothers of children widely spaced in age or mothers of only one child (p less than 0.0001). Odds ratios indicated that the risk of depression in mothers of twins was higher than that in mothers of closely spaced singletons. Mothers of twins are more likely to experience depression. This suggests a relation between the additional and exceptional stresses that twins present and the mother's emotional wellbeing.