Prevalence Of Crossbite Research Articles

The prevalence of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMalocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases and may cause deterioration in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion by gender and its impact on quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old children in Shanghai.MethodsThis study summarizes the data obtained in the Shanghai Oral Health Epidemiological Survey conducted in 2019. Random cluster sampling was used to select students in Shanghai. A total of 1591 12-year-old children and 747 15-year-old children were included. Each student underwent an oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was adopted to measure the objective severity of malocclusion and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) was applied to evaluate quality of life of schoolchildren. Comparisons of COHIP scores were performed among different treatment needs and difficulties by t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsNo significant difference was found between genders except that the prevalence of deep overbite in 12-year-old boys (1.11 ± 0.95) was significantly higher than that in girls (0.93 ± 0.88) while the prevalence of crossbite among 12-year-old girls (26%) is significantly higher than boys (20%). Malocclusion in 15-year-old children was descended compared with 12-year-old. 15-year-old students demonstrates larger impact of malocclusion on oral health than 12-year-old group except self-image. Health impacts (COHIP) increase significantly as the malocclusion becomes severer except self-image in 12-year-old group.ConclusionsIn Shanghai, the severity of malocclusion in 15-year-old children was less than 12-year-old children. Malocclusion has greater influence on oral health of 15-year-old children than 12-year-old children. Severer malocclusion generally correlates with higher level of oral health impacts in schoolchildren.

The effect of early childhood non-nutritive sucking behavior including pacifiers on malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial.

Systematic reviews on the effects of pacifiers on occlusion have highlighted the need for quality RCTs. Single region, three parallel-armed, prospective, randomized controlled trial. To investigate the correlations between early childhood non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion. Specifically to test whether the use of a study pacifier has differing effects compared to other pacifiers and control, and whether the duration of pacifier use or digit sucking influence the occlusion. The subjects were firstborn children, born in 2008 in Vantaa, Finland. One-third of participants were offered study pacifiers, free of charge, from birth up to 2 years of age. The history of the subjects' sucking habits, including pacifier use was screened in a questionnaire at the age of 2 years, and clinical examinations were performed at the age of 7 years. In addition, the subjects were divided into groups that were equally matched regarding their mother's level of education. Posterior crossbite, anterior crossbite, overjet, deep bite, open bite, and crowding. Three districts were randomly allocated to three study groups by drawing lots. It was not possible to blind the clinicians or parents from the intervention. Blinding during data analysis was performed. From the original cohort of 2715 children born in the town of Vantaa, 1911 were excluded and 353 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 451 children were divided into three groups according to the use of pacifiers. The prevalence of posterior crossbite at the age of 7 years was higher if a non-study pacifier had been used (P = .005) even when matched for the mother's level of education (P = .029). The prevalence of posterior crossbite was higher if the pacifier habit had continued for 12 months or more compared to 11 months or less, 7% and 1%, respectively, (P = .003). Digit sucking for 12 months or more was associated with crowding (P = .016). The prevalence of crossbite in the study pacifier group was less than in control pacifiers. No adverse harms were reported other than effects on the dentition. The use of pacifiers is associated with the posterior crossbite, especially if their use continues for a year or more. Parents/guardians should be advised to stop the use or reduce the use of pacifiers to a minimum after their child's first birthday. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01854502.

Prevalence of Dental Malocclusions in Different Geographical Areas: Scoping Review.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers malocclusion one of the most important oral health problems, after caries and periodontal disease. Its prevalence is highly variable and is estimated to be between 39% and 93% in children and adolescents. Due to the importance of malocclusions in dentistry, the aim of our review is to assess the frequency of malocclusions among different geographical regions. A literature research was performed through the Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Open Grey and Cochrane Library databases. The “PRISMA” guidelines were used for the following review. Fourteen studies were analysed for this review. Class I was found most frequently, followed by class II and finally class III. Considering the other anomalies, crowding was one of the most frequent with a prevalence of up to 84%, followed by spacing, which reached a frequency of 60%. Prevalence of crossbite and openbite was quite variable, while the evaluation of deepbite revealed more uniform values. The prevalence varied widely for most of the types of malocclusion in relation to the different populations, which suggests a role of genetics and environmental influences, typical of each population in determining dental problems.

Maxillary expansion methods

Gustė Markevičiūtė1, Vilija Berlin1,2 1Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania 2Vilnius University Hospital Zalgiris Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania Abstract Background. Posterior crossbite is a common malocclusion usually caused by insufficient growth of maxilla. In Lithuania, the prevalence of crossbite during mixed or early permanent dentition is approximately 30%. Generally, posterior crossbite does not cause any pain or chewing difficulties in children, though, if not treated, it can lead to abnormal movement of the mandible, strain of the temporomandibular joint, skeletal facial assymetry or obstructive sleep apnea. This type of malocclusion usually does not self-correct, so orthodontic maxillary expansion is needed. Maxillary expansion technique is dependent on patient’s age and his midpalatal suture ossification level. Aim: to analyze the scientific literature about treatment of posterior crossbite and maxillary expansion methods. Methods: literature sources were selected from PubMed and Cochrane Library scientific databases, using the keywords in the original language: “posterior crossbite“, “maxillary expansion“, “palatal expansion“. Results: 31 publications were analyzed on the subject of posterior crossbite and maxillary expansion methods. Conclusions. The following methods of maxillary expansion can be distinguished: slow or rapid maxillary expansion, surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion and mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion. Method selection depends on patient’s age and skeletal maturity. The most important factor is midpalatal suture ossification level. Keywords: posterior crossbite, maxillary expansion, palatal expansion. https://doi.org/10.53453/ms.2021.06.19

PREVALENCE OF CROSSBITE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF SUNDAR INDUSTRIAL STATE AND RAIWIND, LAHORE: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Crossbite is a commonly occurring malocclusion. It may be anterior or posterior, and it may occur either unilaterally or bilaterally. This study determined the prevalence of crossbite in children of different schools of Sundar industrial state and Raiwind.
 METHODOLOGY: Nine hundred (428 male and 472 female) children of various schools of Raiwind and Sundar Industrial State, Lahore, were examined. Information regarding age, sex, and crossbite were noted. The recorded data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Frequency distribution was used for the descriptive analysis. Statistical level of significance using student’s t-test was p< 0.05.
 RESULTS: Out of 900 children, 117(13%) were noted to have at least one tooth in crossbite, which was more frequent in permanent (13.2%) than in mixed dentition (12.3%). The prevalence of crossbite was slightly greater in female subjects (16.1%) than in male subjects (9.1%). Crossbite was seen more frequently in the posterior (6.3%) than the anterior region (5.9%). Combined anterior and posterior crossbite was found in 7(0.8%) children. Unilateral crossbite on the left side was found to be more frequent (6.6%) than on the right side (4.6%), and the bilateral crossbite was found to be in 1.9% of children. Buccal crossbite was more prevalent (6.8%) than lingual crossbite (5.8%). Combined lingual and buccal crossbite was found to be in 0.4% of children.
 CONCLUSION: Crossbite is a frequently occurring malocclusion in school children of Sundar industrial state and Raiwind, Lahore. Posterior crossbite is more prevalent than anterior crossbite.

PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES AMONG STUDENTS OF DONETSK REGION

Harmonious facial aesthetics, proper bite, straight teeth are an integral part of individual psychological well-being and a modern person’s professional success. According to scientific studies, orthodontic pathology occupies third place in terms of incidence among dental diseases after dental caries and periodontal diseases. Being man-made polluted, the Donetsk region also has a high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies. In 7-15 year old children, the incidence rate is 68-90%.
 The aim of the study is to research the prevalence and structure of dentoalveolar anomalies among students of a medical university in the Donetsk region.
 Materials and methods. To fulfill the purpose of the study we analyzed the orthodontic status of 300 Donetsk National Medical University students. Examinations of students were performed according to the generally accepted method in dentistry. The material of the clinical trial was subjected to variational-statistical analysis in accordance with the purpose of the study.
 Results. The analysis of the study data showed that there were abnormalities in the attachment of the oral soft tissues, namely 56,0% (168/300) of those examined had a short bridle of the tongue, 20,0% (60/300) of students – a short bridle of the upper lip, 5,3% (16/300) patients – a short frenulum of the lower lip and 17,3% (52/300) of those examined – a shallow vestibule of the mouth. The data on the orthodontic status of the examined patients showed that the prevalence of dental anomalies was 98,7% (296/300). 64% (192/300) of examined subjects had anomalies of occlusion in combination with anomalies of individual teeth. Anomalies of individual teeth without occlusion pathology were diagnosed in 34,7% (104/300) of patients. 1,3% (4/300) of students have been found to be orthodontically healthy. Moreover, the case history of those examined shows that 30,7% (92/300) of students underwent orthodontic treatment in the past, which was not always successful. The external examination revealed facial signs of dentoalveolar anomalies in 50,0% (148/296) of students, which indicates the gnathic nature of orthodontic pathology. Deep bite (54,2%) and deep occlusion in combination with distal occlusion (25,0%) were significant. Class 2 pathology was detected in 10,4% (20/192) of individuals. The examination did not reveal any cases of open bite in the subjects. The prevalence of crossbite and mesial occlusion was low and amounted to 8,3% (16/192) and 2,1% (4/192) of cases, respectively. Teeth rotation was prevalent (71,6%; 212/296) among 296 students who had anomalies of individual teeth and dentition (isolated or combined with an occlusion anomaly). The results of the study indicate that 56,6% of those examined (120/212) had lower teeth rotation, 26,4% of subjects (56/212) presented with the combination of this pathology in both jaws, and tortoanomaly of upper teeth was found in 17,0% (36/212) of cases. Crowding of the frontal mandible segment was also a common pathology (58,1%;172/296), the first degree of this pathology’s severity being prevalent (79,0%; 136/172). Examination of students showed that 51,4% of subjects had a vestibular position of individual teeth (152/296). Oral position of teeth and crowding of the frontal upper segment were less common and were observed in 43,2% (128/296) and 29,7% (88/296) cases, respectively. Among the examined students diastemata and tremata were diagnosed in 13,5% (40/296) and 25,7% (76/296) cases, respectively. It should be noted that this pathology predominantly affected the upper jaw: diastema occured in 90% (36/40), and tremata in 57,9% (44/76) of cases. The examination revealed an abnormal inclination of the students’ front teeth. The overall prevalence of protrusion of incisors was 13,5% (40/296), maxillary protrusion of teeth being most prevalent (90%; 36/40). The incidence of incisor retrusion was 10,8% (32/296). Also, this pathology predominated in the upper jaw (87,5%; 28/32). The study of dentition disorders revealed the prevalence of transversely and sagittally oriented changes in the shape of dental arches. The results revealed that the shortening of the dentition was the most common dentition deformation, being detected in 66,9% (198/296) of cases. The narrowing of the dentition was found in 51,0% of subjects (151/296).
 Conclusions. Such studies allow to improve the prevention principles of dentoalveolar anomalies and to organize the timely provision of specialized medical care.

Prevalence of Cross Bite among the Orthodontic Patients at a Dental Unit of Bangladesh

Background: : Cross-bite is one of the most prevalent malocclusion.
 Objective: This study was an attempt to find out the prevalence of crossbite in Bangladeshi population and its variation with age and gender.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the dental unit of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Patients who were seeking comprehensive orthodontic treatment at the OPD of Rajshahi Medical College Dental Unit, Rajshahi, Bangladesh in between 5 to 35 years of age were diagnosed for cross-bite with diagnostic model. The findings of each cases was recorded in a preformed datasheet and the descriptive analysis was performed.
 Result: Out of 300 cases 163(54.3%) cases had cross-bite, 90(30%) cases had anterior cross-bite and 109(36.3%) cases had posterior cross bite. Among posterior crossbite 60(20%) had unilateral and 49(16.3%) had bilateral crossbite.
 Conclusion: Posterior crossbite was more prevalent than anterior crossbite. Cases with Class I molar relation showed more crossbite. Crossbite was more prevalent in cases with congenitally missing teeth
 Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 167-171

Prevalence of Cross Bite Among the Orthodontic Patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Crossbite is one of the most prevalent malocclusion, posterior crossbite occurs in 8% to 22% of orthodontic cases and anterior crossbite has been seen in Class III cases, which accounts for 3.4% of orthodontic cases. The etiology of posterior crossbite can include any combination of dental, skeletal, and neuro muscular functional components, but the most frequent cause is reduction in width of the maxillary dental arch. Patients/cases seeking comprehensive orthodontic treatment in between 5 to 35 years were diagnosed for crossbite with diagnostic model and care record file. Out of 300 cases 163(54.3%) had crossbite, 90(30%) had anterior crossbite and 109(36.3%) had posterior cross bite. Among posterior crossbite 60(20%) had unilateral and 49(16.3%) had bilateral crossbite. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent than anterior crossbite. Cases with Class I molar relation showed more crossbite. Crossbite was more prevalent in cases with congenitally missing teeth.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 9-12

Prevalence of Posterior Cross Bite in 3-5-Year-Old Children from Vitória, Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of posterior cross bite and the possible association with deleterious oral habits in 3-5-year-old children from Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study with a longitudinal design used as parameters for sample calculation prevalence of 35%, confidence level of 95% and error of 5%. The final random sample included 903 children, proportionally distributed according to the number of children enrolled per school. Thus, the representative sample of 9,829 children enrolled in public schools of Vitoria was guaranteed. A questionnaire with six open and eighteen closed items was used to collect data on socioeconomic status, age, sex and deleterious habits. Clinical exams were carried out by trained examiners (Kappa 0.86) for posterior cross bite diagnosis. The association between variables was verified by the Chi-Square Test and Fisher Exact Test. Odds Ratio evaluated the association strength. This research was approved by the UFES Ethics Research Committee. Results: The prevalence of cross bite was of 16.2% and children that used pacifier were two times more likely to develop posterior cross bite (OR = 1.775; CI 95% = 1.242; 2.537). Conclusion: The prevalence of posterior cross bite was expressive, and thumb sucking and pacifier use were considered risk factors. Association was verified with the habit of using pacifier, increasing twice the likelihood of presenting malocclusion and posterior cross bite.

Prevalence of class III malocclusion and crossbite among children and adolescents with craniomandibular dysfunction

Numerous studies have been devoted to the causes of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). This investigation addressed the effect of class III malocclusion and crossbite on CMD based on a sample of 115 prepubertal and adolescent patients of both sexes. Although class III malocclusion only accounted for 12.2% of the total sample, thus, being the smallest group, the percentage of crossbite (71.4%) among these patients was disproportionately higher than among the other classes. Of the total sample, the prevalence of crossbite was 30.4%. We compared these findings to a large-scale (n=4727) study by Thilander et al. (2002), who reported a strikingly high percentage of class I patients compared to our findings (72.7% versus 27.8%) and a lower percentage of crossbite cases (8.0% versus 30.4%). In accordance with the "orthodontic risk child" concept by Grabowski et al. (2007) and Stahl et al. (2007), we conclude that class III malocclusion and crossbite are keys in the pathogenesis of CMD.

Craniofacial growth in children with nasal septum deviation: A cephalometric comparative study

Objective Nasal-breathing impairment has been described as a possible determinant of maxillofacial development in children with adenoids/tonsils hypertrophy. However little is known about the possible influence of nasal septum deviation on craniofacial growth in childhood. We conducted a multicenter cephalometric study to compare skeletal and dental features in children with chronic nasal-breathing obstruction secondary to nasal septum deviation and nose-breathing controls. Methods Ninety-eight children (59M, 39F; mean age 8.8 years; age range 7–12 years) with obligate mouth-breathing secondary to nasal septum deviation (group 1) and 98 age- and sex-matched nasal-breathing controls (group 2) were evaluated. Nasal-breathing function was assessed in all patients with clinical history, ENT instrumental examination and anterior active rhinomanometry. Cephalometric parameters were recorded in all subjects. Results Patients of group 1 showed a statistically significant increase of upper anterior facial height (N-palatal plane) and total anterior facial height (N-Me) with regards to group 2. The angular relationships of the sella-nasion, palatal, and occlusal planes to the mandibular plane were greater in group 1 in comparison to controls. The gonial angle (Ar-Go-Me), palatal height and overjet were significantly higher in the mouth-breathing group. A significantly retrognatic position of the maxilla and mandible was recorded in group 1 in comparison to group 2. Most mouth-breathing children showed class II malocclusion, while the majority of control subjects presented normal occlusion. The prevalence of cross-bite was higher in group 1 with respect to controls ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Children with obligate mouth-breathing due to nasal septum deviations show facial and dental anomalies in comparison to nose-breathing controls. Possible physiologic explanations of our findings are reported.