Prevalence Of Coronary Heart Disease Research Articles

The Association Between Longevity-Associated FOXO3 Allele and Heart Disease in Septuagenarians and Octogenarians: The SONIC Study.

The G allele of FOXO3 gene (single-nucleotide polymorphism; rs2802292) is strongly associated with human longevity. However, knowledge of the effect of FOXO3 in older populations, men or women, with heart disease is limited. This cross-sectional study in Japan included 1836 older adults in the 70- and 80-year-old groups. DNA samples isolated from buffy coat samples of peripheral blood were used to genotype FOXO3 (rs2802292). Self-reports were used to obtain heart disease data according to physician diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the association by adjusting for the traditional risk factor of heart disease. The prevalence of heart disease in women FOXO3 G-allele carriers was higher than noncarriers (16.7% vs 11.6%, p = .022). The prevalence of coronary heart disease was lower for FOXO3 G carriers in the 70-year-old group for both sexes (men: 9.3% vs 4.3%, p = .042 and women: 10% vs 9%, p = .079, respectively). The G allele was negatively associated with heart disease after adjusting for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking in men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70, 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.49–0.99, p = .046), although the association was weaker after full adjustment. In contrast, women carriers of the FOXO3 G allele showed a positive association with heart disease after total adjustment (OR = 1.49, 95% CI, 1.00–2.21, p = .049). In conclusion, the longevity-associated G allele of FOXO3 was observed to have contrasting associations with heart disease prevalence according to sex in older Japanese. To further confirm this association, a longitudinal study and a large sample size will be required.

LCAT deficiency: a systematic review with the clinical and genetic description of Mexican kindred

BackgroundLCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency is characterized by two distinct phenotypes, familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and Fish Eye disease (FED). This is the first systematic review evaluating the ethnic distribution of LCAT deficiency, with particular emphasis on Latin America and the discussion of three Mexican-Mestizo probands.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) Statement in Pubmed and SciELO. Articles which described subjects with LCAT deficiency syndromes and an assessment of the ethnic group to which the subject pertained, were included.ResultsThe systematic review revealed 215 cases (154 FLD, 41 FED and 20 unclassified) pertaining to 33 ethnic/racial groups. There was no association between genetic alteration and ethnicity. The mean age of diagnosis was 42 ± 16.5 years, with fish eye disease identified later than familial LCAT deficiency (55 ± 13.8 vs. 41 ± 14.7 years respectively). The prevalence of premature coronary heart disease was significantly greater in FED vs. FLD. In Latin America, 48 cases of LCAT deficiency have been published from six countries (Argentina (1 unclassified), Brazil (38 FLD), Chile (1 FLD), Columbia (1 FLD), Ecuador (1 FLD) and Mexico (4 FLD, 1 FED and 1 unclassified). Of the Mexican probands, one showed a novel LCAT mutation.ConclusionsThe systematic review shows that LCAT deficiency syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. No association was confirmed between ethnicity and LCAT mutation. There was a significantly greater risk of premature coronary artery disease in fish eye disease compared to familial LCAT deficiency. In FLD, the emphasis should be in preventing both cardiovascular disease and the progression of renal disease, while in FED, cardiovascular risk management should be the priority. The LCAT mutations discussed in this article are the only ones reported in the Mexican- Amerindian population.

Pattern of Coronary Heart Disease Among the Admitted Patients In Cardiology Department and Itsrelation to Their Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Coronary heart disease is a group of conditions affecting the functioning of the heart or blood vessels and is one of the leading causes of death globally. Like other countries, coronary heart disease prevalence is also rising among the adults in Bangladesh. Besides conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease, genetic predisposition and some novel issues like high salt intake, arsenicosis, hypovitaminosis D and air pollution may play important role in the aetiopathogenesis of coronary heart disease in this population. Formulation of appropriate policy and more emphasis on preventive strategy may help combat coronary heart disease in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study was to find out the pattern of coronary heart disease among the patients admitted in Cardiology department of Rajshahi Medical college Hospital and to relate their socio-demographic and economic characteristics with the disease. It was a cross sectional type of descriptive study during February 2019 to July 2019. A total of 352 patients of Cardiology department considered as sample who admitted for their heart problem during the study period selected by purposive sampling. Majorities (85.8%) of the respondents were >40 years among them 74.4% were male. Most (52.0%) of the respondents were from nuclear family and smokers (65.62%). They had history of diabetes mellitus (22.4%) and lead sedentary life (11.4%). Regarding coronary heart disease 74.7% had ischemic heart disease and right coronary artery disease (66.7%). About 42.1% were hypertensive patients and 94.0% took medical treatment. Type of heart disease was found significantly associated with age group of the respondents (p<0.01), smoking habit (p<0.05) and history of abuse substances currently (p<0.05). High coronary heart disease prevalence along with an upward trend was observed in Bangladeshi adults and older age. Proper strategies are required for primary prevention of coronary heart disease so that a further increase can be alleviated and the morbidity and mortality associated with it can be reduced. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 59-68, 2021 (June)

Indirect Area Estimates of Disease Prevalence: Bayesian Evidence Synthesis with an Application to Coronary Heart Disease

Risks for many chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, can cer, mental illness, diabetes, asthma, etc) are strongly linked both to socio economic and ethnic group and so prevalence varies considerably between areas. Variations in prevalence are important in assessing health care needs and in comparing health care provision (e.g. of surgical intervention rates) to health need. This paper focuses on estimating prevalence of coronary heart disease and uses a Bayesian approach to synthesise information of dif ferent types to make indirect prevalence estimates for geographic units where prevalence data are not otherwise available. One source is information on prevalence risk gradients from national health survey data; such data typ ically provide only regional identifiers (for confidentiality reasons) and so gradients by age, sex, ethnicity, broad region, and socio-economic status may be obtained by regression methods. Often a series of health surveys is available and one may consider pooling strength over surveys by using information on prevalence gradients from earlier surveys (e.g. via a power prior approach). The second source of information is population totals by age, sex, ethnicity, etc from censuses or intercensal population estimates, to which survey based prevalence rates are applied. The other potential data source is information on area mortality, since for heart disease and some other major chronic diseases there is a positive correlation over areas be tween prevalence of disease and mortality from that disease. A case study considers the development of estimates of coronary heart disease prevalence in 354 English areas using (a) data from the Health Surveys for England for 2003 and 1999 (b) population data from the 2001 UK Census, and (c) area mortality data for 2003.

National prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke in South Africa from 1990-2017: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

South Africa is experiencing an increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We aimed to obtain overall national prevalence estimates of CHD and stroke in South Africa. Studies conducted in South Africa were systematically reviewed from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1990 to July 2017. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on the selected studies to determine the overall prevalence of CHD and stroke. Out of 2 466 studies, only 12 covering 75 140 participants reported the national prevalence of CHD and stroke. All 12 studies estimated the national prevalence of both diseases based on self-reported disease status. The overall national prevalence was 1.29 (95% CI = 0.83; 1.75) and 4.29 (95% CI = 3.13; 5.45) for CHD and stroke, respectively. Only one study reported incidence rates so we did not perform any meta-analysis of incidence rates. There are very few studies on national prevalence of CHD and stroke in South Africa. Well-structured registries for CHD and stroke are required to accurately identify the disease burden and enable adequate resources to be allocated for the implementation of appropriate prevention and management programmes.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIP AND HISTORY OF CONCOMITANT DISEASES WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN ACEH PROVINCE (SECONDARY DATA RISKESDAS 2018)

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in Indonesia, especially Aceh Province, is the number one contributor to death at this time. The prevalence of CHD by province at the age ≥ 15 years was reported that Aceh ranks in the top two with the highest CHD provinces (D 0.7% and D/G 2.3%). This research needs to be analyzed further aimed to determine the determinants of CHD in Aceh Province because CHD in Indonesia is one of the main problems most noticed by the government. Various programs to anticipate and find solutions of health problems, especially CHD has beeen made for the good of the people of Indonesia. Methods: Further analysis of this secondary data is descriptive analytic using cross-sectional design. The research location in Aceh Province was conducted in May-June 2013. The secondary data was reprocessed by researchers in 2019. The population and samples in this study were 11.617 households and 40,951 household members. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Result: The results showed that there is a relationship between age and coronary heart disease (p value 0.001), gender (p value 0.001), low education level (p value 0.002), employment status (p value 0.008), Diabetes mellitus (p value 0.001), hypertension (p value 0.001), and smoking (p value 0.0001). Recommendation: It is hoped that the provincial government implements the No Smoking Area (KTR) policy in every public area such as schools, terminals, hospitals and create qanuns that truly public health precision.

Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during childhood on type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese...

Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Selected Risk Factors of CHD, Among People Aged 30-64 Years in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka

Background- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of hospital deaths in Sri Lanka. The underlying risk factors include; tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity, and medical conditions; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia. Objective of this study was to determine prevalence of CHD and risk factors among people aged 30-64 in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. Methods- A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1192 people aged 30-64 years in district of Gampaha, recruited by probability proportionate to the population size, cluster sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire on prevalence of CHD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, obesity, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco smoking and anthropometric measurements by trained data collectors. Twelve-lead ECG, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were done for previously undiagnosed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21. Results- The estimated prevalence of CHD based on already diagnosed cases and Rose positive angina 6.9% (95% CI 5.4% – 8.4%), CHD based on already diagnosed cases and ECG 6.4 (95% CI 4.9% – 7.8%), hypertension 37.5% (95% CI 34.7% to 40.3%), diabetes mellitus 17.4% (95% CI 15.2% to 19.6%), dyslipidaemia 66.5% (95% CI 63.8% – 69.2%). The estimated prevalence of other modifiable risk factors of generalized obesity (BMI≥25.0) (44.0%, 95%CI41.1-46.9), sub-optimal quality diet (71.9%, 95%CI 69.3-74.5), low level of physical activity (21.7%, 95%CI 19.3-24.1), heavy or high-risk drinking 11.4% (95%CI 9.56-13.2), smoking 14.2% (95%CI 12.2-16.2). Conclusions- Estimated prevalence of CHD and selected risk factors were high in Gampaha District with a large proportion of previously undiagnosed disease. Immediate public health action is needed including training programs for healthcare workers on detection of risk factors and awareness among the public for screening for risk factors.

Interplay of Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcium for CHD Risk in Young Patients

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine prevalence, predictors, and impact of coronary artery calcium (CAC) across different risk factor burdens on the prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and future coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in young patients. BackgroundThe interplay of risk factors and CAC for predicting CHD in young patients aged ≤45 years is not clear. MethodsThe study included 3,691 symptomatic patients (18-45 years of age) from the WDHR (Western Denmark Heart Registry) undergoing coronary computed tomographic angiography. CHD events were myocardial infarction and late revascularization. ResultsDuring a median of 4.1 years of follow-up, 57 first-time CHD events occurred. In total, 3,180 patients (86.1%) had CAC = 0 and 511 patients (13.9%) had CAC >0. Presence of CAC increased with number of risk factors (odds ratio: 4.5 [95% CI: 2.7-7.3] in patients with >3 vs 0 risk factors). The prevalence of obstructive CAD at baseline and the rate of future CHD events increased in a stepwise manner with both higher CAC and number of risk factors. The CHD event rate was lowest at 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1-3.6) per 1,000 person-years in patients with 0 risk factors and CAC = 0. Among patients with >3 risk factors, the event rate was 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0-9.7) in patients with CAC = 0 compared with 36.3 (95% CI: 17.3-76.1) in patients with CAC >10. ConclusionsIn young patients, there is a strong interplay between CAC and risk factors for predicting the presence of obstructive CAD and for future CHD risk. In the presence of risk factors, even a low CAC score is a high-risk marker. These results demonstrate the importance of assessing risk factors and CAC simultaneously when assessing risk in young patients.

Parity and later life risk for coronary heart disease among slum-dwelling women in Mysore, India

BackgroundTo examine the role of parity in coronary heart disease (CHD) among middle-aged Indian women living in government-designated slums in Mysore, India. MethodsBetween October 2017 and May 2018, a cross-sectional study was carried out among women, 40–64 years of age, residing in government-designated slums in Mysore, India. In addition to socio-demographics, data were collected on CVD risk factors including use of tobacco and alcohol, diet, physical activity, sleep, quality of life, and personal and family history of chronic disease. Patients underwent a medical examination and a venous blood sample was taken for fasting lipid measurement. Resting electrocardiography was carried out by a trained medical technician. Multivariable logistic regression with associated 95% confidence intervals was used to examine the relationship between parity and coronary heart disease. ResultsThe prevalence of CHD in this sample of middle-aged women was 6.4%. Nulliparous women were at heightened risk for CHD compared to parous women with up to five live births. In the adjusted model, women who had 1-2 and 3–5 live births had 0.24 times lower odds (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.05–1.29) and 0.38 times lower odds (95%CI: 0.178–0.87) of CHD, respectively, as compared to nulliparous women. ConclusionAmong a fairly homogenous population of slum-dwelling women reporting almost universal breastfeeding for three or more months following birth, parity up to five births appeared protective against CHD. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether near universal breastfeeding rates in this population mediated the relationship of parity and CHD.

981-P: Truncal Fat-to-Leg Fat Ratio in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Truncal fat has been reported to be positively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Meanwhile, leg fat was inversely related to MS, T2D, and CVD. This study examined the association between truncal fat to leg fat ratio (TLR) and the prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D. A total of 1,728 individuals with T2D were enrolled. Truncal fat, leg fat, and appendicular muscle mass (ASM) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the tertile of TLR. CVD was defined as either coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke (IS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), or a combination these conditions. The prevalence of CVD, CHD, IS, and PAD were 24.8%, 17.4%, 7.5%, and 3.3%, respectively. Individuals with CVD were highly likely to be older, male, and hypertensive and had higher values for diabetic duration (DD), waist circumference (WC), and TLR, but lower values for diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than those without CVD. Patients with the highest TLR tertile were more likely to be elderly and hypertensive and had higher values for DD, WC, BMI, triglycerides (TG), HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, but lower values for HDL cholesterol, eGFR, and ASM/BMI, compared with those with the lowest tertile. The prevalence of CVD progressively increased with greatening tertile of TLR (the lowest vs. the middle vs, the highest = 19.4% vs. 26.0% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.001). The odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (IC) for the presence of CVD after adjusting age and sex, were 1.25 (0.93 - 1.69) in the middle and 1.51 (1.13 - 2.02) in the highest, respectively. The ORs and 95% CI in the highest tertile remained significant, further adjusting for WC, BMI, current smoker, DD, hypertension, HDL, TG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, CRP, and eGFR. In conclusion, we found that TLR was significantly associated with CVD in patients with T2D independently of potential confounders. Disclosure J. Shin: None.

Frailty and incident heart failure in older men: the British Regional Heart Study

ObjectiveFrailty and heart failure (HF) are cross-sectionally associated. Published longitudinal data are very limited. We sought to investigate associations between frailty and incident HF.MethodsProspective study of 1722 men, examined at...

Abstract P150: Association Of Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) With Left Atrial Function In Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Prior research indicates that higher LTPA is associated with better left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, but not with left atrial volume index (LAVI). Left atrial (LA) strain is a more sensitive marker of LA pathology. Hence, we evaluated association of LTPA with LA strain in the ARIC study, a community-based cohort study. Hypothesis: Higher LTPA is associated with better LA reservoir, conduit and contractile function. Methods: We included 4005 participants (mean age 75 years, 63% female, 21% black) with 2D echocardiographic (2DE) LA % strain data, LTPA data, and without prevalent coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke at Visit 5 (V5, 2011-13). We estimated LTPA as metabolic equivalent-minutes per week from validated Baecke questionnaire and categorized it as poor, intermediate, or ideal as per AHA recommendation. We categorized change in LTPA from V3 (1993-95) to V5 as persistently poor (referent), decreasing, increasing, or persistently active. LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile % strain were measured from speckle-tracking 2DE. Linear regression was used to evaluate association of LTPA with LA function. We modeled LTPA (1) cross-sectionally at V5 as a continuous variable and (2) change from V3 to V5, as continuous and categorical variables (referent- persistently poor). Results: Higher LTPA at V5 (Table) and persistently high (vs poor) LTPA from V3 to 5 (β estimate -0.89, 95% CI -1.40, -0.38) were significantly associated with better LA conduit function after adjusting for CV risk factors, LV function, and LAVI. The same associations with LA reservoir function were no longer significant after adjusting for CV risk factors. LTPA was not associated with LA contractile function (Table). Conclusions: Consistent with LTPA’s salutary effect on LV diastolic function, higher LTPA is associated with better LA conduit function. Maintaining high LTPA from midlife to late-life may be beneficial in mitigating age-related changes in cardiac function.

Abstract P077: Trends In Prevalence Of Cardiometabolic Diseases By Food Security Status, 1999-2016

Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), which include coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (DM) and obesity, are an interrelated set of highly preventable conditions. Food insecurity, another pervasive public health issue, is associated with CMDs. We aim to characterize the prevalence of CMD by food security (FS) status over time. Hypothesis: Prevalence of DM and obesity increased while that of HTN and CHD decreased over time, with pervasive disparities among FS status. Methods: Adults ≥20 years from the 1999-2016 NHANES were included in this analysis. CMD outcomes included DM (prior diagnosed or FPG≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5%), CHD (prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina or any other type of CHD), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and HTN (≥1 of the following: systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥80, or currently taking BP medications). FS status was measured through the US Household Food Security Survey Module and recategorized into three levels (full, marginal and low). All estimates were age-standardized to the 2010 US census population. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate P-values. Results: Our sample included 46,879 adults (79.5% of full, 7.67% of marginal and 12.8% of low FS). HTN prevalence decreased from 50% to 44.4% among the full FS group and from 54.9% to 50.4% among the marginal group (P-trends<0.001, P-interaction=0.009). CHD prevalence decreased from 6.33% to 4.81% (P-trend<0.001) among the full group. Obesity prevalence increased from 31.0% to 38.0% among the full group and from 38.3% to 50.5% among the low group (P-trend<0.001, P-interaction=0.02). DM prevalence increased from 8.30% to 11.3% for the full group, from 14.9% to 21.8% for the marginal group and from 14.8% to 20.1% for the low group (P-trend<0.001) ( Figure ). Conclusion: From 1999 to 2016, the prevalence of CMDs were lowest among participants who were in full FS group and disparities by FS status persisted or worsened.

Burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in five Asian groups in Catalonia: a disaggregated, population-based analysis of 121000 first-generation Asian immigrants.

To evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease (CVD) among five Asian groups living in Catalonia (Spain): Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Filipino, and Chinese. Retrospective cohort study using the Catalan Health Surveillance System database including 42488 Pakistanis, 40745 Chinese, 21705 Indians, 9544 Filipinos, and 6907 Bangladeshis; and 5.3 million native individuals ('locals'). We estimated the age-adjusted prevalence (as of 31 December 2019) and incidence (during 2019) of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, tobacco use, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure (HF). Bangladeshis had the highest prevalence of diabetes (17.4% men, 22.6% women) followed by Pakistanis. Bangladeshis also had the highest prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (23.6% men, 18.3% women), hypertension among women (24%), and incident tobacco use among men. Pakistani women had the highest prevalence of obesity (28%). For CHD, Bangladeshi men had the highest prevalence (7.3%), followed by Pakistanis (6.3%); and Pakistanis had the highest prevalence among women (3.2%). For HF, the prevalence in Pakistani and Bangladeshi women was more than twice that of locals. Indians had the lowest prevalence of diabetes across South Asians, and of CHD across South Asian men, while the prevalence of CHD among Indian women was twice that of local women (2.6% vs. 1.3%). Filipinos had the highest prevalence of hypertension among men (21.8%). Chinese men and women had the lowest prevalence of risk factors and CVD. In Catalonia, preventive interventions adapted to the risk profile of different Asian immigrant groups are needed, particularly for Bangladeshis and Pakistanis.

Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Systematic Review.

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objectives of this systematic literature review were to identify and synthesize published data describing the epidemiology and mortality of CVD in the T2DM population and the associated economic burden.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review searching the PubMed and MEDES databases from 2009 to 2019 using predefined selection criteria. Peer-reviewed observational studies reporting primary or secondary data on CVD prevalence, incidence, mortality, resource use and costs in patients with T2DM in Spain, written in English and Spanish, were included. Data were tabulated and summarized descriptively.ResultsOf 706 articles identified, 52 were included in the review. Most studies were based on data from hospital discharge databases and registries. The reported prevalence of CVD among patients with T2DM ranged from 6.9 to 40.8%. The prevalence of coronary heart disease ranged from 4.7 to 37%, stroke from 3.5 to 19.6%, peripheral artery disease from 2.5 to 13.0%, and heart failure from 4.3 to 20.1%. In-hospital CVD mortality rates ranged from 5.6 to 10.8%. Direct costs due to CVD in hospitalized patients with T2DM were increased (> 50%) compared with patients without CVD. No studies analysed indirect costs of CVD in patients with T2DM.ConclusionsThe burden of CVD among patients with T2DM, combined with the elevated costs of care, highlights the importance of early prevention as part of integrated management of the disease to improve clinical and economic outcomes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13300-021-01060-8.

Coronary Artery Calsification on Chest CT Scan as Coronary Heart Disease Predictor in Lung Cancer Patients

Background: Lung cancer is widely known has strong association with cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease. Smoking as the main risk factor for lung cancer and coronary artery disease is strongly hypothesized as reason behind this association. Our study aimed to predict ability of coronary artery calcification based on chest CT in prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with lung cancer. Method: This study had cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling method. Subjects in this study were adults (>18 years old) with lung cancer based on histopathological examination. Result: Forty subjects with lung cancer who undergone chest CT was selected as samples in this study. After calculated with other factors, patients with lung cancer who also had coronary artery calcification lesions in Chest CT had 73 times higher risk to develop coronary heart disease (OR=72.63%;95% CI=3.81-1386.21;P=0.004). In addition, lung cancer subjects who are current and ex-smoker had 46 times higher risk to develop coronary heart disease (OR=45.75;95% Cl=1.14-1987.62;P=0.043). Based on those findings, coronary artery calcification has 86.7% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, 72.2% PPV and 90.9% NPV for predicting coronary heart disease in lung cancer patients. Conclusion: Coronary artery calcification based on chest CT can be utilized as coronary heart disease predictor in lung cancer patients, especially who are current and ex-smoker. Extensive studies, is needed for strengthen this finding in near future.

Association between pyrethroid exposure and cardiovascular disease: A national population-based cross-sectional study in the US

ObjectivePyrethroids-containing products are widely used as commercial and household insecticides. While animal studies and clinical case reports have shown acute cardiovascular outcomes of pyrethroids exposure, little has been known on the effect of chronic pyrethroid exposure on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine the associations between chronic pyrethroid exposure and CVD in the US adults. MethodsCross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 and 2007–2012 were analyzed. The exposure to pyrethroids was determined as the urinary level of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and CVD was ascertained based on self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate associations of pyrethroid exposure with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. ResultsIncluded were 6,471 participants with a mean age of 44.77 years (standard error, 0.39) for final analyses. The weighted prevalence of CVD, CHD, and stroke was 6.85%, 4.57% and 2.27%, respectively. With adjustments for major confounders, participants in the highest tertile of urinary 3-PBA had higher odds of CVD (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.23) and CHD (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.61) compared to those in the lowest tertile. There were linear associations for CVD (P for trend = 0.04) and CHD (P for trend = 0.02). However, no significant association was noted for stroke (1.29; 0.78, 2.16) in the main analyses. Conclusions3-PBA was adversely associated with CVD and CHD in the US adults. Our findings highlight potential cardiovascular risk of chronic exposure to pyrethroids, and should be validated in large prospective studies in different populations in future.

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the world for chronic disease. WHO reported 7,4 million people died due to CHD. The highest prevalence of CHD in Indonesia reached 2.650.340 cases of which NTT took the highest number with 137.130 cases. CHD is caused by modified and unmodified factors. Poor dietary patterns such as consuming high amount of carbohydrate, fat, and cholesterol will negatively affect the body and this can be a risk factor for CHD. Education and occupation can also be associated with the health condition. This study aims to analyze the relationship beetween dietary patterns, history of comorbidities, education level and occupation with CHD at Prof W. Z. Yohannes Kupang Hospital in 2020. This research was a case control study. A total sample of 80 was selected that consisted of 40 cases and 40 controls. Data analysis used descriptive and bivariate with chi-square test. Variables associated with CHD were dietary patterns (p=0,029; OR 0,103), history of hypertension (p=0,022; OR 3,316), and history of dyslipidemia (p=0,000; OR 7,909), while history of diabetes mellitus (p=0,094), level of education (p=0,959), and occupation (0,216) were found unrelated with the disease. The efforts to prevent CHD should be improved by controlling the modified factors, managing the dietary patterns and regularly visiting health facilities for health check-up.

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF WEEKLY WALKING ACTIVITY ON HYPERTENSIVE MEDIATED ORGAN DAMAGE IN THE COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY CHINESE: THE NORTHERN SHANGHAI STUDY

Objective: To investigate the effects of weekly walking activity on the asymptomatic hypertensive mediated organ damage (HMOD) remains unclear. Design and method: 2830 community-dwelling elderly subjects (over 65 years) in northern Shanghai were recruited from June 2014 to June 2018. Weekly walking activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaires-short form (including walking duration per time and walking days per week). Within the framework of comprehensive cardiovascular examinations, HMOD, including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity (E/Ea), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), arterial plaque, creatinine clearance rate (CCR), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI), were all evaluated. Results: There were 1862 (65.8%) participants enrolled in weekly walking activity, with 56.8 ± 36.8 min/day and a median of 6.71 days/week walking. Young elderly, fewer smokers, lower CIMT, lower cf-PWV, fewer abnormal ABI, lower prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease were observed in walking activity group (P < 0.05). Similarly, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that weekly walking activity was significantly correlated with elderly (age 70 years or more) and smoker (both P < 0.05). To further investigate the association of weekly walking activity with HMOD, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Interestingly, weekly walking activity was only significantly associated with peripheral artery diseases (P < 0.05), together with cardiovascular risk factors. Subsequently, subgroup analysis about weekly walking activity was performed and the results revealed that only walking duration more than 30 min per time was related to arterial plaque (OR: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.002–1.095, P = 0.038). Conclusions: Taken together, in the community-dwelling elderly Chinese, weekly walking activity played a protective role in HMOD, especially vascular HMOD, regardless of walking duration per time and walking days per week.