Prevalence Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Research Articles

Abstract 11394: The Yield of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Chest Pain and Low Pretest Probability of Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: Chest pain is a common presentation in the emergency department and physician office visits. Identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) as the cause of chest pain is essential for improving prognosis. The 2021 AHA/ACC guidelines do not advocate for testing in patients with low pretest probability (PTP <15%) of CAD. However, the pretest probability does not account for CAD risk factors. We sought to evaluate the yield of stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with chest pain and low PTP of CAD in a population with a high prevalence of CAD risk factors. Methods: We reviewed all the patients referred to positron emission tomography from May 2011 to January 2022. Patients with chest pain and low PTP of CAD were included in the analysis. Patients with heart failure and valvular heart disease were excluded. Low PTP was defined as ≤15% on Juarez-Orozco classification. Moderate-severe ischemia is defined as ≥10% ischemic myocardium. Results: 2235 patients (age 54.2 ± 9.3 years, 23.8% males) with low PTP of CAD were included in the analysis. 303 (13.6%) of the cohort had ischemia out of which 100 (33%) patients had moderate-severe ischemia. Patients with ischemia had more prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The presence of two risk factors was associated with a higher likelihood of moderate-severe ischemia (OR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.1 - 4.4, p=0.025) Conclusions: Ischemia is common among patients with low PTP of CAD and a high prevalence of risk factors. The presence of two risk factors is associated with a more than 2-fold increase in the risk of moderate-severe ischemia. Risk factors should be taken into consideration when deciding about further testing in this population. Further studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of testing in this population

Significance of Insignificant Left Main Disease

Significance of Insignificant Left Main Disease

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes; final data of the nationwide cross-sectional CardioRisk project

Abstract Background Little are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Objective: To describe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-specific data and patients with premature presentation. Methods From November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS. Results The vast majority were males (74%) and the most prevalent age group was (56–65 years) representing 37% of whole study population. Among female patients, 92% were post-menopausal. The prevalence of premature ACS was 51%. Forty five percent of total males and 69.6% of total females with ACS had premature presentation (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (66%). Nearly half of the entire study patients were current smokers (48%). We showed a high prevalence of documented dyslipidemia (48%) as well. Early invasive management strategy was employed in 65% of patients with no significant gender disparity noticed. Vascular access for coronary angiography was most commonly femoral (80% of time). Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was attempted in 53% of patients. Thrombolytic therapy (using Streptokinase) was used in 24% of included participants. Conclusion Among Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is common with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca Table 1. Premature Atherosclerosis subgroupTable 2. Geographic distribution of risk factors

Sex and age difference in risk factor distribution, trend, and long-term outcome of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery

BackgroundPreoperative coronary artery disease risk factors (CADRFs) distribution and pattern may also have an important role in determining major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CADRFs distribution and trend over 10 years and also the long-term outcome of CABG in different age-sex categories.MethodIn this registry-based serial cross-sectional study, we enrolled 24,328 patients who underwent isolated CABG and evaluated the prevalence of CADRFs according to sex and age. We used inverse probability weighting (IPW) to compare survival and MACE between the sexes. We also used Cox regression to determine each CADRFs effect on survival and MACEs.ResultsIn general, DLP (56.00%), HTN (53.10%), DM (38.40%), and positive family history (38.30%) were the most frequent risk factors in all patients. Prevalence of HTN, DLP, DM, obesity, and positive family history were all higher in women, all statistically significant. The median follow-up duration was 78.1 months (76.31–79.87 months). After inverse probability weighting (to balance risk factors and comorbidities), men had lower MACEs during follow-up (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57–0.91; P value 0.006) and there was no significant difference in survival between sexes. DM and HTN were associated with higher mortality and MACEs in both sexes.ConclusionAlthough DLP is still the most frequent CADRF among the CABG population, the level of LDL and TG is decreasing. Women experience higher MACE post CABG. Therefore, health care providers and legislators must pay greater attention to female population CADRFs and ways to prevent them at different levels.

Antiplatelet Loading Effects Prior to Endovascular Treatment: Carotid Artery Stenosis versus Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms.

Carotid artery stenosis and cerebral aneurism may have different platelet functions and antiplatelet responses because these diseases have different etiologies. In this study, we compared the antiplatelet loading effects prior to endovascular treatment between carotid artery stenosis and unruptured cerebral aneurysm (UCA) patients. Nine patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACS), 14 with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (SCS), and 20 with unruptured cerebral aneurysms were enrolled in this study. Antiplatelet (aspirin + clopidogrel) loading effects prior to endovascular treatment were evaluated using light transmission aggregometry and platelet aggregate detection methods. Although there are differences in the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors, maximum aggregation rates in light transmission aggregometry and platelet aggregation-prone properties were not different in the three disease groups. Preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel may be appropriate for both carotid artery stenosis and cerebral aneurism patients even though their conditions and background factors differ.

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: final data of the nationwide cross-sectional 'CardioRisk' project.

BackgroundLittle are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).ObjectiveDescribe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-specific data and patients with premature presentation.MethodsFrom November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS.ResultsThe vast majority were males (74%) and the most prevalent age group was (56-65 years) representing 37% of whole study population. Among female patients, 92% were post-menopausal. The prevalence of premature ACS was 51%. Forty five percent of total males and 69.6% of total females with ACS had premature presentation (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (66%). Nearly half of the entire study patients were current smokers (48%). We showed a high prevalence of documented dyslipidemia (48%) as well. Early invasive management strategy was employed in 65% of patients with no significant gender disparity noticed. Vascular access for coronary angiography was most commonly femoral (80% of time). Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was attempted in 53% of patients. Thrombolytic therapy (using Streptokinase) was used in 24% of included participants.ConclusionAmong Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is common with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men.

Abstract 14445: The Prevalence of Coronary Risk Factors Among Patients Undergoing Their First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally and risk factors for CAD are well established. Although there has been a decline in the incidence of CAD in recent years, understanding the risk factor profile of patients presenting with cardiac disease in contemporary practice may help define current unmet challenges in preventing CAD. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of CAD risk factors among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and assess how they have changed over time. Methods: We assessed the prevalence of risk factors among patients without a history of prior myocardial infarction, PCI, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery who underwent PCI at 47 non-federal hospitals in the state of Michigan between 1/1/2010 and 3/31/2018 using the BMC2 PCI registry. Results: Our study cohort included 69,970 men and 39,106 women. Traditional risk factors were highly prevalent in this population: 34.4% of men and 31.0% of women were current or recent smokers, hypertension was present in 71.8% of men and 80.6% of women, hyperlipidemia was present in 65.0% of men and 68.9% of women, diabetes was present in 27.8% of men and 35.5% of women, and 44.8% of men and 48.0% of women were obese. Over the study period, the prevalence of diabetes (29% to 32%) and obesity (45% to 48%) increased while a decline in smoking prevalence was noted (34% to 31%). Most patients had 2 or more risk factors with 51.2% having three or more risk factors. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers presented over a decade earlier (age 56.8 versus 66.9 years, p &lt; 0.0001) and obese patients presented 4.0 years earlier (age 61.4 versus 65.4 years, p &lt; 0.0001) (Figure). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors are widely prevalent among patients undergoing their first PCI. Population-level interventions aimed at controlling obesity and preventing smoking could significantly delay the onset of CAD and the need for PCI.

Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: A cross-sectional study.

Objective:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Amongst the Middle East countries, Saudi Arabia is facing rapid progressive urbanization by the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and food habits, which contribute to the rising burden of CAD. We aim to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of CAD risk factors among Saudi adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and March 2020. Data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Data assessed on socio-demographic variables, family history of CAD, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and complications of CAD. Results data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 25. All comparisons were considered significant at P < 0.05.Results:A total of 311 subjects (48.6% men and 51.4% women) included, and most of the participants were between 18 and 25 years. A majority of the participants did not hear about CAD (82%) and unaware of any risk factors (26.4%), symptoms (25.1%), and complications (72.7%) of CAD. The prevalence of a family history of CAD (9.3%), overweight/obesity (58.6%), physical inactivity (79.1%), and smoking (24.1%) observed considerably high among the participants.Conclusion:The present study reveals that a significantly low level of awareness and a high prevalence of CAD risk factors found among Saudi adults. Therefore, the awareness program is needed at the public level to increase the knowledge of CAD risk factors so that persons with high risk for future CAD can be prevented.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH INCIDENT HOSPITALIZED HEART FAILURE

Heart failure's (HF) incidence rate is higher in African-Americans compared with Caucasians, possibly due to the higher prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors. Despite the higher incidence, previous studies have reported a modest survival advantage for African-Americans with hospitalized HF. We

Prevalence of Chronic Complications, Their Risk Factors, and the Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka.

Diabetes incurs heavy burden to patients and the healthcare system. Assessment of disease burden is important in taking necessary precautions and management decisions. We aimed to determine the prevalence of macro- and microvascular complications, their risk factors, and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study was carried out among 3000 patients with T2DM attending the diabetic clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka from January to July 2016. The study population had 72.7% females and 27.3% males. Mean age and disease duration were 58.3 ± 10.3 and 10.8 ± 7 years, respectively. Prevalence of CAD, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease were 10.6%, 1.1%, and 4.7% while diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot, and lower extremity amputation (LEA) were 26.1%, 62.6%, 50.8%, 2.6%, and 1.3%, respectively. Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking were 80%, 77.6%, 76.7%, and 11%, respectively. Increased age, disease duration, and HBA1c were risk factors for microvascular disease and diabetic foot while age was the only risk factor for macrovascular complications. Occurrence of CAD, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot, and LEA was significantly higher among males than when compared to females. This study highlights the major burden of chronic complications and high prevalence of CAD risk factors in this population.

Análise epidemiológica das oclusões arteriais agudas dos membros inferiores em hospital terciário

Introdução: a oclusão arterial aguda (OAA) dos membros inferiores é qualquer diminuição ou piora súbita na perfusão do membro, que determine ameaça à sua viabilidade. Objetivos: analisar as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes portadores de OAA em um hospital terciário. Casuística e Métodos: estudo retrospectivo e transversal, com revisão de prontuários de pacientes internados devido OAA em membros inferiores ocorridas de 2013 a 2016. Foram analisadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, comorbidades (diabete melito, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, cardiopatias), tabagismo, tratamento e evolução durante a internação. Foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado para comparação entre os grupos. Resultados: foram avaliados 51 pacientes (52,9% sexo masculino), com média de idade de 68 anos em ambos os sexos. Entre as comorbidades, 78,4% eram hipertensos, 66,7% tabagistas, 35,3% portadores de fibrilação atrial, e 27,4% diabéticos. Dezesseis casos evoluíram para amputação, sendo 14 amputações maiores. Não houve diferença estatística significativa nas comorbidades entre os grupos que evoluíram ou não para amputação. No entanto, os pacientes classificados como Rutherford III apresentaram índices maiores de amputação (p=0.0043). O procedimento cirúrgico mais comum foi a tromboembolectomia, realizada em 39,7%, seguido da revascularização endovascular, em 12,70%. Conclusão: o tratamento endovascular ainda é pouco indicado nos casos de OAA, recaindo na cirurgia convencional a opção de revascularização imediata do membro. Os pacientes portadores de OAA de membro inferior possuem alta prevalência de fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica, apesar de os mesmos não estarem diretamente relacionados à perda do membro.

Presence of coronary artery disease in diabetic and non diabetic South Asian immigrants

IntroductionSouth Asian Immigrants (SAIs) are the second fastest growing Asian immigrant population in the US, and at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (diabetes) and coronary artery disease (CAD) than the general US population. Objectives: We sought to determine in SAIs the; 1) the prevalence of CAD risk factors in diabetics and non-diabetics; and b) the high possibility of CAD in diabetic SAIs. We also assessed the prevalence of sub-clinical CAD in both diabetics and non-diabetics SAIs using common carotid artery Intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 213 first generation SAIs were recruited and based on the history, and fasting glucose levels were divided into two subgroups; 35 diabetics and 178 non-diabetics. 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected for glucose and total cholesterol levels. Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) was performed to determine the possibility of CAD. ResultsBoth diabetics and non-diabetics SAIs in general, share a significant burden of CAD risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension (p=0.003), total cholesterol ≥200mg/dl (p<0.0001) and family history of diabetes (p<0.0001) was significantly was significantly higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Of the 22/29 diabetic participants without known history of CAD, 45% had positive ETT (p<0.001). Similarly, 63.1% of diabetics and 51.8 % of non-diabetics were positive for sub-clinical CAD using CIMT as a marker. ConclusionThe susceptibility to diabetes amongst SAIs promotes an adverse CAD risk, as evident by this small study. Further research, including larger longitudinal prospective studies, is required to validate the current small study findings with investigation of the temporal association.

Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors among Females in a Tertiary Cardiac Center in Nepal: A Case Control Study

Background: Although in recent decades risk factors of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) have markedly increased, little is known about its relationship among Asian females. The principal aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of CAD risk factors among a target female population in Nepal.Methods: A case control study was conducted at tertiary cardiac centre of Kathmandu from August 2013 to September 2014. Study participants identified with CAD (n=52) were matched for age with controls (n=52). Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected and a semi-structured interview was utilized to obtain information on socio-demographic, behavioural, psychosocial and physiological/biochemical risk factors. Variables were assessed using frequency tables and Pearson’s Chi-Square tests for two independent proportions. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the potential predictors of CAD.Results: CAD was significantly associated with ethnicity, ever smoked, harmful use of alcohol, moderate physical activity, more than 12 sitting hours per day, family history, total cholesterol, HDL-C and hypertension. Regression analysis indicated alcohol intake (P<0.01), LDL-C, diabetes (P<0.01), BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 (P<0.01) assignificant predictors of CAD.Conclusion: Diabetes, drinking alcohol, LDL-C and generalized obesity were found to be significant predictors of CAD. Aside from family history, all associated risk factors within our study population are modifiable risk factors. CAD has been identified as public health priority in Nepal given the current and predicted burden of all forms of heart disease within the country. Further research in women in developing countries will be key, given the rising levels of risk factors and morbidity rates within the region.

Distribution of risk factors in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease in ICU setting: A prospective observational study

Coronary artery disease (CAD) burden due to socioeconomic changes and acquisition of risk factors is on the rise and is associated with increased healthcare utilization. Presence of different number of risk factors can influence the hospitalization and hence the economic burden of CAD. Thus, this prospective observational study was carried out to determine the distribution of risk factors in the hospitalized patient with CAD in ICU setting. The study was conducted for a period of 10 months from November 2013 to September 2014 at the Durgabai Deshmukh Hospital, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, in the cardiology department after the ethics committee approval and the written informed consent from the patients. Patients >20 years of age (n=100) with CAD were enrolled into the studies. Descriptive statistics were used. The mean age of the patients was 60.53 years. Two or more risk factors were observed in 92% of the patients associated with CAD (men: 45%; women: 47%). The most prevalent risk factor in men was smoking present in 93.62% of patients followed by a hypertension present in 72.3%. In women, hyperlipidaemia was the most prevalent factor present in 77.3% of women followed by diabetes in 56.6%. Prevention and management of the risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidaemia can reduce the rate of CAD or its severity. The present study demonstrates a high prevalence of CAD risk factors in the Indian patients and thus requires proper management of the risk factors.

Abstract 14579: Peak Myocardial Blood Flow versus Noninvasive Coronary Flow Reserve for Prediction of Future Events

Background: Impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) is an early manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD), even in vessels free of angiographic stenosis. The aim of this analysis is to determine the differential role peak myocardial blood flow (MBF) or noninvasive CFR in predicting future events. Methods: We included 3,003 consecutive patients with known or suspected CAD (mean age 61±11years, 42% females) who underwent rubidium-82 rest/stress positron emission tomography (PET) for clinical indications. Rest and peak MBF were calculated with factor analysis and a 2-compartment kinetic model and were used to calculate CFR. Patients were followed up for a median duration of 1.4 years (interquartile range, 0.5-1.8 years) for the incidence of cardiac death or myocardial infarction. (CDMI). Multiple Cox regression models were used to determine the prognostic value of peak MBF and CFR and the incremental value of peak MBF over CFR. Results: The included cohort has prevalence of CAD risk factors: Diabetes (60%), hypertension (87%) and dyslipidemia (85%). A total of 40% patients had evidence of perfusion defects (Sum stress score&gt;3). After a median follow up duration of 1.4 years, 140 patients (4.7%) experienced CD/MI. In multivariate Cox regression adjusted for Duke clinical risk score, resting ejection fraction and SSS, both CFR (Hazard Ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.54 -0.89, p=0.005) and peak MBF (Hazard Ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 -0.89, p=0.003) were independent predictors of CDMI. (Adding peak MBF added incremental prognostic value over CFR. (Area under the curve increased from 0.776 to 0.793, p=0.021). Conclusion: Noninvasively measured MBF and CFR are independent predictors of CDMI in patients with known or suspected CAD. Peak MBF adds incremental prognostic value over noninvasive CFR.

Abstract 18333: Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction is an Uncommon Finding in a Pre-modern Society With High Inflammation and Low Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Introduction: Ischemic cardiomyopathy from coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in developed nations. However, the natural history of cardiovascular disease in contemporary pre-industrial man is not well described. The Tsimane of Bolivia are a forager-horticulturalist population in the western Amazonian basin with high levels of inflammation and a low prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors. We sought to define the cardiovascular health of a contemporary pre-industrial population with high inflammation and low atherosclerotic risk factors. Methods: Two-Dimensional echocardiograms with Color and Doppler were obtained on 934 Tsimane over age 40. Echocardiograms were reviewed by 2 cardiologists following the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines for interpretation. Patients had baseline clinical evaluations including age, height, weight, blood pressure, and gender. Blood was obtained for serology for inflammatory markers. Results: The average age was 53 years (SD +/- 11; range 40-90 years). 455 (48.7%) were male. The prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were 4.8%, 0.5%, and 1.3%, respectively. Mean LVEF was 66% (SD +/- 6.1). There were 4 males with LVEF less than 52% and 11 females with LVEF less than 54%. There was no measured LVEF less than 44%. Complete diastolic data was available in 910. Normal diastolic parameters were observed in 741 (81.4%). Mild diastolic dysfunction was found in 167 (18.3%) and moderate dysfunction in 2 (0.2%). No echocardiograms showed severe diastolic dysfunction. Serologic data showed elevated CRP, ESR, and IL-6 with low high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) Conclusions: In a pre-modern population with high inflammation and low atherosclerotic risk factors, cardiovascular systolic and diastolic dysfunction was a rare finding.

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors and metabolic syndrome: The Uberlandia Heart Study

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors and metabolic syndrome: The Uberlandia Heart Study

PP.13.20

Objective: Valvular heart disease's etiologies has markedly changed over the last decades. Rheumatic fever, very common cause of this affection in the first half of the last century, has almost disappeared in industrialized countries and in regression in emergent countries. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in women who underwent surgery for severe valvular heart disease. Design and method: A total of 114 women underwent single left-sided valvular heart surgery between 2008 and 2014 were included in the study .The patients were divided into four groups: patients with severe mitral stenosis (MS), patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR), and patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). We evaluate the prevalence of significant coronary artery disease and risk factors for atherosclerosis (Age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) in the general population than in each group. Results: Table: Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factorsConclusions: The differentiating features of valvular heart diseases in women have not been very widely studied but the prevalence rates reported in the present study are similar to those reported in literature. The atherosclerosis plays a role in the etiology of valvular heart disease as it already does in of coronary artery disease.

Variations in the Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil: A Comparative Analysis between 2002 and 2014.

BackgroundDue to the importance of coronary artery disease (CAD), continuous investigation of the risk factors (RFs) is needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of RFs for CAD in cities in Rio Grande do Sul State, and compare it with that reported in a similar study conducted in the same cities in 2002.MethodsCross-sectional study on 1,056 healthy adults, investigating the prevalence and absolute and relative frequencies of the following RFs for CAD: obesity, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemias, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, and family history, as well as age and sex. Data was collected in 19 cities, host of the Offices of the Regional Coordinators of Health, as in the 2002 study.ResultsTwenty-six percent of the sample consisted of older adults and 57% were women. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was 44%, history family 50%, smoking 23%, overweight/obesity 68%, dyslipidemia (high cholesterol levels) 43%, SAH 40%, and diabetes 11%. When compared to the 2002 study, the prevalence of active smoking and sedentary behavior decreased, whereas the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity increased. Obesity is the most prevalent RF in women, and SAH the most prevalent in men.ConclusionsThe prevalence of RFs for CAD in Rio Grande do Sul State remains high. Hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia are still prevalent and require major prevention programs. Smoking and physical inactivity have decreased in the state, suggesting the efficacy of related campaigns.

Prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease in an urban Indian population

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in government employees across India.MethodsThe study population consisted of government employees in...