Prevalence Of Computer Vision Syndrome Research Articles

Factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome in students and teachers of a private university in Peru during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Introduction: Computer Vision Syndrome is also considered the ocular epidemic of the 21st century. It is essential to determine the number of individuals suffering from CVS and the associated factors.Objective: To identify the factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome in medical students and faculty at Peruvian Private University during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2021.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study. The participants included students and faculty members from the School of Human Medicine. The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) from Google Forms was used. For bivariate analysis, the chi-squared test was used with a 95% confidence level. Frequency and proportion calculations were used for qualitative variables, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated for quantitative variables.Results: 56.0% of faculty and students suffered from computer vision syndrome (CVS). In the bivariate analysis, it was found that the use of eyeglasses (p < 0.004), a computer/cell phone screen distance of <45cm (p < 0.031), and a family history of visual diseases (p < 0.010) were associated with CVS.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of computer vision syndrome, with faculty members being the most affected. Factors associated with CVS were the use of eyeglasses, a computer/cell phone screen distance of <45cm, and a family history of visual diseases.

Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic risk factors among workers of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study.

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is the most pressing public health concern that affects vision and reduces quality of life and productivity, particularly in developing countries. Most of the previous studies conducted in Ethiopia focus on the knowledge and personal risk factors of bank workers. Moreover, ergonomic workstation design was not objectively assessed, which could hinder the implementation of effective intervention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine CVS and ergonomic factors among commercial bank workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 466 study participants from May 26 to July 24, 2022. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select the study participants. Data were collected via a standardized tool of CVS (CVS-Q). Besides, workstation ergonomics were pertinently assessed. The collected data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for data analysis and cleaning. Multivariable logistics regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with CVS. The variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant factors. Prevalence of CVS was 75.3% (95% CI: 71.2-79.2%). Blurred vision, eye redness, and headache, 59.8%, 53.7%, and 50.7%, respectively, were frequently reported symptoms. Glare (AOR = 4.45: 95% CI: 2.45-8.08), 20-20-20 principle (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.06-3.67), wearing non-prescription eyeglasses (AOR = 4.17; 95% CI: 1.92-9.06), and poor workstation (AOR = 7.39; 95% CI: 4.05-13.49) was significantly associated with CVS. The prevalence of CVS was found to be high. Glare at work, ignoring the 20-20-20 principle, wearing non-prescription eyeglasses, and poor workstation ergonomic design were independent predictors of CVS. Therefore, comprehensive interventional activities like adhering to the 20-20-20 principle, avoiding the use of non-prescription glasses, minimizing glare, and improving workstation ergonomic setup are essential to prevent CVS.

Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students - Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) Study

BACKGROUND&#x0D; The use of computers and visual display devices has become an integral part of our lives. As a result, a large number of people around the world are suffering from various ocular symptoms, including dry eyes, ocular strain, eye irritation, and ocular redness. All of these ocular symptoms are commonly called computer vision syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, community knowledge, and pathophysiology of computer vision syndrome, as well as the factors associated with and preventing CVS.&#x0D; METHODS&#x0D; A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 medical students and the data was collected through a structured, web-based, and self-administered questionnaire, which was pre tested and pre-validated.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; In this study, 38.7% had a pre-existing knowledge on CVS. 94.67% of the respondents reported having mild to moderate symptoms of dry eyes. It is found that people use screens mostly for social media and entertainment. Long hours spent on the small screen led to sleep disturbances in about 56% of the students. According to our survey, 54% of the students used spectacles and frequent change of spectacles was present. About 40% of the students used topical eye drops prescribed by ophthalmologist.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS&#x0D; The increasing use of digital screen and prevalence of computer vision syndrome. When combined with increased screen time, dry eyes and good quality sleep can lead to serious health problems like learning difficulties and operative errors, which may pose a challenge in the modern era. Right education, attitude and practice regarding CVS are required to all the medical students due to their increased dependency on digital devices. Proper practice and preventive measures are necessary for a doctor /surgeon for health benefit of the patients and community.

Computer Vision Syndrome Among College Students: An Emerging Health Issue of Current Era

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its associated factors among undergraduate college students. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to October 2022 using a web-based survey. A sample of 415 undergraduate college students was included through convenience sampling. Data collection utilized a self-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic information and a validated questionnaire (CVS-Q). Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square test and logistic regression were employed to identify associations and predictors, respectively, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.3 ± 2.8 years. Among 415 participants, the prevalence of CVS was 60.9%, with headache being the most commonly reported symptom (73.2%). Female gender (p &lt; 0.001), presence of refractive error (p &lt; 0.001), use of video display terminal (VDT) devices (p = 0.007), daily average screen time (p = 0.006), and lighting conditions while using VDT devices (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with CVS. Conclusion: A high frequency of computer vision syndrome was observed among undergraduate college students. Female gender, refractive error, type of VDT used, average screen time, and lighting conditions during VDT device use were significantly associated with CVS.

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundComputer vision syndrome has become a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 22, 2023, using the search terms "Computer Vision Syndrome" and "COVID-19". Three authors independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to evaluate study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2, and the R version 4.2.3 program was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 192 studies were retrieved, of which 18 were included in the final meta-analysis. The total sample included 10,337 participants from 12 countries. The combined prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 74% (95% CI: 66, 81). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed a higher prevalence of computer vision syndrome in Pakistan (99%, 95% CI: 97, 100) and a lower prevalence in Turkey (48%, 95% CI: 44, 52). In addition, subgroup analysis based on study subjects showed a prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 74, 89) for computer vision syndrome in non-students and 70% (95% CI: 60, 80) among students.ConclusionAccording to the study, 74% of the participants experienced computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this finding, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of developing computer vision syndrome and improve the quality of life of those affected.Trial registrationThe protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international registry of systematic reviews, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42022345965.

Computer vision syndrome among students during remote learning periods: harnessing digital solutions for clear vision.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among children and adolescents in Qatar during the period of remote learning and explore the associated factors and discuss some digital health remedies that might reduce the risk. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between June and August 2022 by collecting data via telephone interviews with parents of selected students utilizing the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). We completed 1,546 interviews. The mean age of the students was (11 ± 2), male: female ratio was almost 1:1. About one quarter (368, 23.8%) of parents reported a previous diagnosis of visual disturbances among their children with over 88% of them wearing eyeglasses or medical contact lenses. The prevalence of CVS in our sample was about 8% (95%CI: 6.8-9.6). Mother's employment, having positive history of visual disturbances, and excess screen time were found to be significant predictors of CVS. Health care providers in collaboration with teachers should provide parents with evidence-based strategies to prevent or minimize the digital eye strain among students. In the landscape of remote learning, the implementation of digital remedies emerges as a proactive approach to mitigate the risk of digital eye strain.

Risk factors of computer vision syndrome in students during online learning period

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a risk of increasing cases of computer vision syndrome (CVS) due to changes in the environment for work and study because of the implementation of the Work/Study from Home policy. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with CVS in students. The study design was cross-sectional with the population of bachelor program students, with a sample size of 124 students. Data were collected through online questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out to study the statistical relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable using the Chi-Square test. This study showed that the prevalence of CVS among students was 87.1%. The analysis showed that one variable had a significant relationship with CVS in students, namely emotional exhaustion (OR 5.47, 95% CI: 1.75-17.02). Another variable, although not significant, was considered to play a role as a risk factor for CVS, namely the duration of computer use (OR 4.75, 95% CI: 1.02-22.25). Emotional exhaustion and duration of computer use are important risk factors in the occurrence of CVS in students during the online learning period. It is necessary to increase socialization regarding the ergonomics of using computers and stress management to prevent CVS in students.

Computer Vision Syndrome Among Medical Students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Background and aims Regular continuous uninterrupteduse of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, can result in a spectrum of vision-related symptoms known as computer vision syndrome. Students today can readily access information and books on their smartphones and computers, which reduces their reliance on printed texts. Numerous muscle-related and ocular complaints could arise from this. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome symptoms among medical students at the University of Khartoum and to identify its contributing factors. The secondary objective was to evaluate practices and knowledge related to computer vision syndrome prevention. Methods This study is a facility-based cross-sectional observation aimed at describing medical students' characteristics at the University of Khartoum. The sampling strategy employed was stratified random sampling, and a structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 149 students completed the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic data, validated symptoms of computer vision syndrome, and factors associated with the syndrome's development. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), simple descriptive statistics were calculated, and odds ratios and Pearson's chi-square test were employed to examine and quantify the association between variables. Results Of the 149 participants, 58.4% were female, while males made up 41.6% of the study sample. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome has been found to be 94%, and 72.4% of the students reported experiencing at least three symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Neck and shoulder pain was the most commonly reported symptom (78.5%), followed by headache (70.5%), while the least reported symptom was eye redness (36.2%). The majority of students (81.2%) used electronic devices for five or more hours a day, and the most common posture while using electronic devices was lying down, as reported by 54.4% of the students. A total of 68% of the medical students in this study reported keeping a distance that was shorter than the suggested 40 centimeters from the screen, and only 18.1% were aware of the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minuteslook at an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds). The seating position has been found to be significantly associated with the number of symptoms experienced (p=0.012); sitting with a bent back was 4.6 times more likely to cause more than three symptoms when compared to sitting upright with a straight back (OR=4.643; 95% CI: 1.63-13.21; p=0.004). Conclusion There was a very high prevalence of computer vision syndrome among medical students at the University of Khartoum. Most students had poor awareness and bad practices regarding the safe use of electronic devices. Awareness campaigns to encourage good practices and enable the safe use of computers and other digital devices are strongly recommended.

Computer vision syndrome-related symptoms in presbyopic computer workers

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS)-related symptoms in a presbyopic population using the computer as the main work tool, as well as the relationship of CVS with the electronic device use habits and the ergonomic factors.MethodsA sample of 198 presbyopic participants (aged 45–65 years) who regularly work with a computer completed a customised questionnaire divided into: general demographics, optical correction commonly used and for work, habits of electronic devices use, ergonomic conditions during the working hours and CVS-related symptoms during work performance. A total of 10 CVS-related symptoms were questioned indicating the severity with which they occurred (0–4) and the median total symptom score (MTSS) was calculated as the sum of the symptoms.ResultsThe MTSS in this presbyopic population is 7 ± 5 symptoms. The most common symptoms reported by participants are dry eyes, tired eyes and difficulties in refocusing. MTSS is higher in women (p < 0.05), in laptop computer users (p < 0.05) and in teleworkers compared to office workers (p < 0.05). Regarding ergonomic conditions, MTSS is higher in participants who do not take breaks while working (p < 0.05), who have an inadequately lighting in the workspace (p < 0.05) and in the participants reporting neck (p < 0.01) or back pain (p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a relationship between CVS-related symptoms, the use of electronic devices and the ergonomic factors, which indicates the importance of adapting workplaces, especially for home-based teleworkers, and following basic visual ergonomics rules.

Computer Vision Syndrome: Is It a Silent Epidemic?

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome and evaluate the effects of interventions applied to computer&#x0D; users in a tertiary care hospital.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In our study, 102 eyes of 51 people (non-medicos) with desk job using computers/mobile were taken&#x0D; as the study group. The Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were evaluated.&#x0D; Accordingly, they were given treatment and followed up.&#x0D; Results: In our study, we included 51 subjects who were a regular user of mobile and computers. Mean screen time was 6.08&#x0D; ± 1.5 hours. Before treatment, the mean Schirmer’s, TBUT and OSDI test were 8.85 ± 1.2 mm (range 5.5–11.5 mm), 7.64 ±&#x0D; 2.4 seconds (range 4.0–12.5 seconds) and 30.47 ± 13.1 (range 10.40–62.50), respectively. The prevalence of dry eye was 58%,&#x0D; according to OSDI severity grading. After treatment, the Schirmer1, TBUT and OSDI tests showed improvement and the results&#x0D; were highly significant (p &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions: It is important to optimize the exposure time and improve awareness among users. Its high time now, every&#x0D; institution should come up with a few guidelines in concern with the high screen time of the desk job worker.

Computer Vision Syndrome in Undergraduate and Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in undergraduate and medical students since transitioning to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional single center survey-based study using a validated CVS questionnaire (CVS-Q). The survey was distributed to 20,080 undergraduate students and 680 medical students at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The primary outcome measures were prevalence of CVS (based on CVS severity score of 6 or more), frequency of CVS and intensity of CVS symptoms. The survey was completed by 2300 undergraduate students (11.4% response rate) and 154 medical students (22.6% response rate). The prevalence of CVS was 77.1% in undergraduate students and 69.1% in medical students. CVS-Q severity scores were highest for headaches and eye dryness, with over half of students reporting worsening of symptoms since March 2020. Increased time spent on online learning (undergraduate: P <0.001, medical: P = 0.018), blue light glasses usage (undergraduate: P <0.001, medical: P = 0.0015), and increased number of device usage were associated with higher CVS severity scores (undergraduate: P <0.001, medical: P = 0.0032). CVS among undergraduate and medical students has increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. More focus should be placed on the management of CVS for students in higher education. Physicians should be cognizant of the consequences of online learning and be proactive about providing advice regarding preventative measures.

Prevalence and risk factors of computer vision syndrome-assessed in office workers by a validated questionnaire.

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a common occupational health problem, but its clinical definition, prevalence and risk factors are not well defined. In general, non-validated diagnostic instruments have been used to assess its prevalence. For this reason, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors for CVS using a validated questionnaire. A cross-sectional study (n=238) was carried out in Italian office workers using digital devices. All participants responded to an anamnesis, a digital exposure questionnaire, and the validated Italian version of the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. A battery of 3 ocular surface and tear ophthalmic tests (break-up time, BUT), Schirmer II and corneal staining) was performed. The mean age (±SD) was 45.55 (11.02) years, 64.3% were female. 71.4% wore glasses to work, whose design was monofocal (for distance) in 47.6%, monofocal (for near) in 26.5%, general progressive in 16.5% and occupational progressive in 8.8% of cases. 35.7% used digital devices >6 hours/day in the workplace. The prevalence of CVS was 67.2%. In the multivariate model, female sex (aOR: 3.17; 95% CI [1.75-5.73]), the use of digital devices >6 hours/day at workplace (aOR: 2.07; 95% CI [1.09-3.95]) and the use of optical correction at work (aOR: 2.69; 95% CI [1.43-5.08]) significantly increased the odds of CVS. Association was observed between presenting CVS and having abnormal BUT (χ2=0.017). The prevalence of CVS in Italian office workers, especially among females, was high. Intensive use of digital devices at work (>6 hours/day) and the use of optical correction at work significantly increased the odds of CVS. There is an association between poor tear stability and CVS. Further research is needed on the influence of wearing optical correction on CVS. The use of a validated questionnaire in health surveillance of digital workers is strongly recommended.

Relationship between low-frequency electromagnetic field and computer vision syndrome.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among secretaries working in different departments of a university hospital in Turkey and its relationship with low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure. This cross-sectional study included 143 secretaries working in different departments of the hospital. Besides eye examinations, CVS Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) Scale and Ocular Surface Disease Index Scale (OSDI) were applied to the participants. LF-EMF of the work environment were measured with a 6010 Gauss/Teslameter device and the light intensity with an LX-1102 Device. The mean age of participants was 39.6 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 25.2% to 74.8%. CVS-Q scale revealed 83.9% of computer vision syndrome among participants. A weak positive correlation was found between CVS-Q and LF-EMF, while a moderately strong, negative correlation was found between LF-EMF and Schirmer test of both eyes. The work environment LF-EMF values were significantly higher among the participants diagnosed with CVS (p<0.05). The risk of CVS was found to increase 3.27 times when the ambient LF-EMF was >1,725 µT and an increase of 0.004 units in the CVS-Q score was calculated for each one-unit increase in the LF-EMF of the environment. A relationship between CVS, dry eye and EMF was observed among people exposed to LF-EMF. Regular measurement of EMF in work environments, and developing protective behaviours (work-break intervals, 20-20-20 rule, etc.) can be recommended.

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Although computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern, less emphasis is given to them, particularly in developing countries. There are primary studies on different continents; however, there are inconsistent findings in prevalence among the primary studies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome. In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve published and unpublished studies. The study was conducted from December 1 to April 9/2022. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument tool. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2. STATA 14 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 7,35 studies were retrieved, and 45 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95% CI: 59, 74). Subgroup analysis based on country was highest in Pakistan (97%, 95% CI: 96, 98) and lowest in Japan (12%, 95% CI: 9, 15). Subgroup analysis based on country showed that studies in Saudi Arabia (I2 = 99.41%, p value < 0.001), Ethiopia (I2 = 72.6%, p value < 0.001), and India (I2 = 98.04%, p value < 0.001) had significant heterogeneity. In the sensitivity analysis, no single study unduly influenced the overall effect estimate. Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Thus, preventive practice strategic activities for computer vision syndrome are important interventions.

Investigating the Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

During the pandemic, health issues associated with using digital devices and exploring social media, such as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), have increased considerably. This study looked into CVS and its significance in Jordan and the CVS outcomes of undergraduate nursing students who used digital devices to surf social media during COVID-19. To assess CVS, a quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected in 2022 through an online diagnostic and formative survey utilizing the CVS-Questionnaire (CVS-Q) with 310 undergraduate nursing students from a government and a private university in Jordan. Descriptive statistics and the univariate general linear model were used to analyze the collected data. To report the prevalence of CVS among the studied sample, the median score was 1.80. The median prevalence score was 24.50 (range = 13-31), and 26.75% of participants reported having intense social media searches. For a student in this study to be diagnosed with CVS, they must receive a score of at least 5, and the current sample score was around 2, indicating they didn't have a CVS; however, it was moderate when it occurred. About 26.75% of participants reported having problematic social media searches. Back and neck pain and headaches were the typical signs of CVS. The average daily hours spent using digital devices for social media searches increased during the pandemic utilizing mobile phones, especially among male nursing students. Being a junior student with no social media account and unable to balance study and social media were among the predictors of CVS. Most students used protective tools on their digital devices, such as protective films and phone screens, to prevent or accommodate CVS. There were no prior collected data about CVS in Jordan, and based on the international trend, the COVID-19 pandemic didn't directly contribute to the prevalence of CVS. However, when the CVS occurred, it was moderate, which mandates proactive and prophylactic redesigning of our educational system.

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome in computer users: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/Aim. Vision and health problems associated with the use of computers and other digital devices are known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Advances in technology have led to increased use of computers, so the prevalence of these symptoms is increasing. The aim of this study was to calculate the overall prevalence of CVS and CVS symptoms using meta-analysis. Methods. The study was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. In July 2021, a systematic search of four electronic databases with article collections was performed: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: ?computer vision syndrome?, ?computer users?, ?digital eyestrain?, ?headache?, ?dry eyes?, ?red eyes?, ?eyestrain?, ?neck pain?, ?back pain?, and ?shoulder pain?. The articles included in the study had to be original articles written in English only, and the criterion that had to be met was that the research included computer users. As a result, the prevalence of CVS or the prevalence of any of the symptoms of CVS had to be measured. Results. A total of 43 articles were fully reviewed, of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. The total calculated prevalence for all studies was 74.4%, while the prevalence for individual symptoms was: headache ? 43%, dry eyes ? 24.4%, eyestrain ? 29%, red eyes ? 20.7%, and neck, back, or shoulder pain ? 46.3%. Conclusion. The results obtained are worrying and point to the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to solving CVS-related problems.

Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among undergraduate medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A multi-university cross-sectional study

Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a group of eye and vision-related symptoms resulting from prolonged and extensive use of electronic devices. Such symptoms include blurry vision, dry eyes, watery eyes, headaches, fatigue, and neck pain. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of CVS and the frequency of exercising ergonomic practices among undergraduate medical students attending several medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 1,014 undergraduate medical students from several medical colleges in Riyadh. Data collection was held for four weeks throughout July-August 2021. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21. CVS-Q manual was implemented as the scoring system. Results: Out of the total surveyed medical students, 85.5% reported using electronic devices for educational purposes. Neck pains (42.5%), headaches (39.4%), and eye dryness (38.6%) were the most frequent symptoms. 60.8% of students were found CVS-positive. Male students were significantly less predicted to have CVS than female students (P&lt;0.001). Brightness levels of screens correlated substantially with the risk of CVS (P=0.035) as more students who used bright backlight were found CVS-positive compared to those who did not. Conclusion: CVS and its associated symptoms were relatively common among medical students. Future studies are necessary to measure CVS across larger samples. Further awareness and routine ophthalmic assessments are imperative to mitigate this issue and promote ocular health. Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Medical Students, Saudi Arabia, Electronic Devices.

Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrom and Predisposing Factors Among Engineering Students in Hawass University Institution of Techenology Campus, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2019

Objective: Lack of detail information about the magnitude of the computer vision syndrome (CVS) and the factors which predominantly cause CVS. This study has an importance for further studies as a baseline data. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of CVS and associated factors on students of Hawassa university institution of technology, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methodology: Institution based cross sectional study design was used from March 30 to May 2019. A multi stage sampling was used. Four departments were selected by using simple random sampling. Among each selected departments students was selected by using systematic random sampling and calculating proportion (K) on each selected department based on the proportion of the number of students in each department. And the final sample size was 896. Each student was assessed whether he/she was exposed to any kind of visual display terminal (VDT). Face to face interview, ocular examination and observation during VDT use was performed by five optometrists from March 30 to May 2019. After collected data was cleaned and coded, EPI info 2002 for data entry and SPSS version 16.0 software for data analysis was used. Odds ratio with a 95% CI will be used to display results. P value less than 0.05 in multivariate logistic regressions was used to show statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of Computer vision syndrome is 41.7% and urban(OR =1.66; CI = (1.14, 2.43)), no glass use(OR = 6.01 ; CI = (1.67, 21.63)), reading playing game with VDT (OR = 2.33; CI = (1.33, 4.08)), reading and watching movies with VDT (OR = 1.49; CI = (1.02, 2.18)), using Smartphone (OR = 0.60; CI = (0.38, 0.95)), remote NPC (OR= 3.19; CI = (1.64, 6.25)) and moderate size of VDT (OR = 0.63; CI = (0.41, 0.96)) were significantly associated with CVS. There is 0.39Ds reduction of amplitude of accommodation in students who has CVS. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVS was high in engineering students, mostly having symptoms of tearing. It is better to avoid using VDT like Smartphone for multiple activities like reading, playing game and watching movies and need an eye examination and protective glass to prevent CVS.

Study of computer vision syndrome among medical undergraduates of Kumaon region, Uttarakhand

Background: Activity on digital screen has increased so much during the COVID era that there is surge in persons complaining of symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS). Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of CVS among the medical students and its associated factors during COVID period and to compare it with pre-COVID period. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 undergraduate medical students at Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand using pretested structured questionnaire which was filled through Google form for which link was circulated in class WhatsApp group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Frequency, percentage, binary logistic regression, and McNemar test was applied. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of CVS was significantly higher during COVID period, 54.9% (95% CI=49.7–60.1) that was significantly higher than non-COVID period. Eye strain (16.6%) was the most common CVS symptom during both pre-COVID and COVID period. The prevalence of CVS was significantly associated with use of preventive measures. During COVID period, average hours spent in digital screen was significantly higher as compared to non-COVID period. Conclusion: This study showed that there was increase in CVS among the study participants during COVID era as there was increase in spending hours on digital screen and not or reduction in adopting preventive measures. It is important to increase awareness regarding the symptoms and precautions related to CVS.

Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among School-Age Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) can be described as ocular-related symptoms that result from prolonged exposure and use of computers, smartphones, tablets, and other devices with digital displays. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CVS among school-age children, the associated signs, risk factors, and the association between the disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The targeted population was school-going children aged 6 to 18 in the Jazan region in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia. A sample of 440 participants was selected to represent the population under study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded, such as age, gender, education level, parents' education, occupation, frequency, and intensity of eye symptoms if present. Most of the participants were adolescents between 16 and 18 and at a high-school education level. According to the total symptoms score, the CVS prevalence was 35.4%. Prevalence of CVS significantly affects age, gender, and school level (p &lt; 0.05 for all). A similar significant association was reported between the symptoms experienced before and during COVID-19 and the CVS (p &lt; 0.05). A total of 407 adolescents aged 16-18 responded to the questionnaire (response rate of 92.5%; 407 out of 440). The study estimated the prevalence of CVS among school-going children in Jazan to be low. The main signs associated with CVS included headache, tearing, itchiness, blurred vision, eye redness, eye pain, and dryness. The attitude of children toward their health condition during the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of CVS have a significant relationship.