Prevalence Of Clinical Conditions Research Articles

Oral Health Status and Practices, and Anthropometric Measurements of Preschool Children: Protocol for a Multi-African Country Survey.

BackgroundOral diseases are among the most prevalent conditions with significant impact on the growth and development of young children. Data are required to plan effectively for the management of early childhood caries (ECC) and other oral diseases in this age. There are currently very few African countries with updated and nationally representative data on ECC prevalence, and risk indicators and regional data on ECC and other oral diseases are scarce.ObjectiveWe aim to determine the oral health status and practices, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements of preschool children in several African countries.MethodsA cross-sectional study will be conducted in several African countries using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination for data collection from healthy preschool children in kindergartens and primary health care facilities. The clinical examination will assess ECC using the decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (dmft) index according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, dental erosion (using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index), deciduous molar hypomineralization (using the European Association of Paediatric Dentistry criteria), dental fluorosis (using Dean’s Index), oral hygiene status (using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified), and oral mucosal lesions. Oral hygiene habits and dental visits will be assessed using the WHO child questionnaire, and dietary intake will be assessed using the Food and Agriculture Organization method. Anthropometric measurements will be obtained following the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard protocol, and the children’s nutritional status will be assessed following the WHO child growth standards. To train and calibrate examiners, educational resources and electronic forms will be used to reach interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability with κ>0.6. Descriptive analysis will determine the prevalence of clinical conditions by age and sex. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression will assess associations between the clinical conditions and sociodemographic factors, and oral health behaviors.ResultsData collection will begin after approvals and ethical clearance are obtained. The first stage will include 3 countries, namely Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa, and collaborators from other African countries will join afterward.ConclusionsThis study will lay down the foundations for using validated tools to collect data on the oral health of young children in Africa, allowing researchers from different countries across Africa to collect standardized data on ECC and other oral conditions. This will facilitate comparisons and analysis of risk factors that might be unique to the African continent. The results will provide baseline data on the prevalence of oral diseases and enable planning to address the treatment needs of young African children and design programs to prevent oral diseases in the African continent.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/33552

Interest of the evaluation of the LV area in the evaluation of the TID in MPS through IQ SPECT

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Objectives To the determine the value as ischemic indicator of measurement of left ventricular areas under stress and rest conditions in the evaluation of the transient ischemic dilation. Methodology This quantitative, observational and cross sectional study included patient undergoing myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT (MPS). Protocol 2-day exercise stress/rest, radiotracers tetrofosmin/MIBI Tc-99m, IQ- SPECT (smartzoom collimators, 17 slices, 20-sec/slice), with/without CT-based attenuation correction (NC and AC, respectively) and processing with Cedars-Sinai QPS software. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate patient conditions; MPS results, left ventricular parameters (volume of cavity and area), transient dilation and area dilation ratios. An agreement analysis according by Blend-Altman plots and correlation analysis was realized between TID y LV areas ratios. An univariate analysis by chi square test was used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the frequecies of results of precited factors and TID Results 99 patiens with MPS were included. They were categorized in two groups as 87.87% with normal TID (values : 0.9-1.26) and 12.13% with TID > 1.25 . The mean age was 62,11 ± 10.29 years old and male were 70,1%. The prevalence of clinical conditions were 62.1% of arterial hypertension , 19.5% of type-2 diabetes mellitus and 72.4% dyslipidemia. The prevalence of cardiac disease were 60.9% ischemic cardiac disease, 17.2% cardiac rhythm alterations, 27.6% of cardiac valve disease, 13.8% myocardial hypertrophy and 4.6% dilated cardiomyopathy. There were no statistically significant differences of precited parameters between the two groups. There are 9.19% mild and 2.29% moderate ischemics MPS results in the normal TID group and 36.36% mild ischemic MPS result in the TID > 1.25 group. (p < 0.05) In the normal TID group the stress /rest area ratios were 1.016 ± 0.13 for NC studies and 1.016 ± 0.12 for AC studies (p > 0.05). In the TID > 1.25 group the stress /rest area ratios were 1.13 ± 0.05 for NC studies and 1.12 ± 0.08 for AC studies (p > 0.05) The normal values limits 1.016 ± 0.26 for NC studies and 1.016 ± 0.24 for AC studies. The agreement using the Bland-Altman method showed that the mean difference between TID and stress/rest ratios by NC and AC studies was 0.02 ± 0.08 (-0.13 to 0.18; 95% confidence interval) and 4.04% within the 95% confidence interval. Pearson correlation coefficient obtained between TID and area ratios was 0.69 in the NC studies and 0.91 in AC studies. This is consistent with the recommendations for studies with detectors SMARTZOOM would advise the use of AC determinations. Conclusions The presence of left ventricular areas within normal values in patients with TID visualized in MPS suggests the existence of endocardial ischemia and no ventricular dilation. The joint assessment of these parameters adds value in those situations.

Frequency and prevalence of clinical conditions and therapeutic drugs used in dog and cat at Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Objective:This study was carried out to determine the frequency and prevalence of clinical conditions and their treatment, especially antibiotics in dogs and cats.Materials and Methods:A period of 12-month retrospective study was conducted at the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 849 cases, including 488(57.5%) and 361 (42.5%) dogs and cats respectively, were in account to espy the clinical conditions. Season, age, sex, and breed were the parameters to analyze the prevalence of those clinical conditions.Results:From the study, it was found that the endoparasitic infestation was highly frequent in both dog and cat (55% in dogs and 59% in cats). The endoparasitic infestation was highly prevalent in cats (91.53%) significantly (p = 0.003), which were ≤1 year of age. On the other hand, the ectoparasitic infestation was found prevalent significantly (p = 0.06) in the winter than any season and dewormed dogs (p = 0.03). Prevalence of canine parvovirus infection in dogs and wound in cats were substantially higher (p < 0.001 and p=0.05 respectively) in the winter whereas the prevalence of myiasis in dogs was prominent in the rainy season significantly (p = 0.01). The mostly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (9.5% in dogs and 4% in cats).Conclusion:Different endoparasitic, ectoparasitic, and infectious diseases found prone to infect pet animals, mainly dogs, and cats. By maintaining proper anthelmintics and vaccine shots may act as a prevention procedure to those infections.

Prevalence of clinical conditions observed in small animals presented at veterinary clinics in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: A retrospective study was conducted at Veterinary Clinics in Delta State, Nigeria to estimate the prevalence of clinical conditions in small animals (dogs and cats) from January 2006 to December, 2016. Methods: A total of 13647 clinical cases presented in veterinary clinics in Delta State, Nigeria were reviewed (n = 13605 dogs, n = 44 cats). Prevalence of clinical conditions were analysed on the basis of diagnosis, species, breed, sex and age. Results: The study revealed that canine cases where more (99.7%) as compared to feline cases (0.3%). Helminths infection was highest in canine species (21.3%) and ectoparasite infection was highest for feline species (26.2%). The prevalence for routine vaccinations against rabies and canine distemper were also among the highest clinical presentations (19.9% and 16%, respectively) in dogs. Presentation for vaccination and health check-up condition in puppies (&lt;1 year) was higher than in adult dogs (&gt; 3 years). Ascites and ophthalmic conditions had the least prevalence (0.5% and 2.4%) in dogs and cats respectively. Significance: The findings addressed the vaccination and pet health care awareness amongst pet owners and breeders in the region, the variations in the veterinary practice across the region and raises awareness for veterinarians in practice in the region to prepare for prevalent disease conditions. It also provided a direction in planning and policy decision making for the State Veterinary Services Department especially when making budget for drug and consumables.

Prevalence of Clinical Conditions in Dogs and Cats at Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Prevalence of Clinical Conditions in Dogs and Cats at Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh

Medical complications, clinical findings, and educational outcomes in adults with Noonan syndrome

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder caused by missense mutations in genes involved in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, a major mediator of early and late developmental processes. The diagnosis of NS is made on clinical grounds with molecular confirmation of a mutation found in 63% of cases. Key clinical features include short stature, cardiac defects, developmental delay, lymphatic dysplasias, bleeding tendency, and a constellation of distinctive facial features and physical exam findings. The prevalence of medical issues or the development of new ones in adults with NS is not well-studied. This cross-sectional study reports on the prevalence of clinical conditions and their ages of onset in a cohort of 35 adolescents and adults with NS aged 16-68 years old (mean age 28 years). In this cohort, 34 of 35 subjects (97%) had had full PTPN11 sequencing; 37% were PTPN11 positive, 23% were SOS1 positive, and 3% were BRAF positive. Mean adult height in both men and women was at the 3rd-10th centile. The most prevalent clinical findings in this cohort included pulmonary valve stenosis (71%), easy bruising (63%), GERD (60%), constipation (51%), scoliosis (54%), chronic joint pain (54%), lymphedema (49%), depression (49%), anxiety (49%), Chiari malformation (20%), and osteopenia/osteoporosis (14%). In summary, adults with NS are affected by multi-organ morbidity and require special medical management aimed towards the most prevalent and serious known medical complications. Larger studies characterizing the clinical conditions found in NS adults are needed to provide potential genotype-phenotype correlations that may aid in clinical management.

Reports on the Prevalence of Clinical Conditions Are More Convincing When Supported by Objective Evidence

Reports on the Prevalence of Clinical Conditions Are More Convincing When Supported by Objective Evidence