Prevalence Of Clinical Attachment Loss Research Articles

Prevalence and predictors for clinical attachment loss in adolescents in Latin America: cross‐sectional study

To describe the prevalence, severity and extension of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and to study the predictors in 15- to 19-year-old adolescents from high schools in the Latin America. A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was performed. The sample included 1070 high school adolescents 15-19years of age from Santiago de Chile (Chile), Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza (Argentina), Montevideo (Uruguay), Quito (Ecuador) and Medellín (Colombia). Calibrated examiners performed full mouth, six sites per tooth clinical examination. There was a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of CAL ≥3mm in ≥1 site was 32.6%, probing pocket depth ≥4mm was 59.3% and bleeding on probing (BoP) ≥25% was 28.6%. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for cities revealed that smoking (OR=1.6), attending public school (OR=2.3) and having a BoP ≥25% (OR=4.2) were positively associated with CAL ≥3mm in ≥ 1 site. Clinical attachment loss was prevalent in Latin America adolescents and it is associated with smoking, attendance public school and BoP.

Self-reported Measures for Surveillance of Periodontitis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of self-reported measures in predicting periodontitis in a representative US adult population, based on 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Self-reported gum health and treatment history, loose teeth, bone loss around teeth, tooth not looking right, and use of dental floss and mouthwash were obtained during in-home interviews and validated against full-mouth clinically assessed periodontitis in 3,743 US adults 30 years and older. All self-reported measures (> 95% item response rates) were associated with periodontitis, and bivariate correlations between responses to these questions were weak, indicating low redundancy. In multivariable logistic regression modeling, the combined effects of demographic measures and responses to 5 self-reported questions in predicting periodontitis of mild or greater severity were 85% sensitive and 58% specific and produced an ‘area under the receiver operator characteristic curve’ (AUROCC) of 0.81. Four questions were 95% sensitive and 30% specific, with an AUROCC of 0.82 in predicting prevalence of clinical attachment loss ≥ 3 mm at one or more sites. In conclusion, self-reported measures performed well in predicting periodontitis in US adults. Where preferred clinically based surveillance is unattainable, locally adapted variations of these self-reported measures may be a promising alternative for surveillance of periodontitis.

Destructive periodontal disease in adult Indians from Northeast Brazil: cross‐sectional study of prevalence and risk indicators

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of destructive periodontal disease and its risk indicators in adult Kiriri Indians from Northeast Brazil. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed on a sample of 215 Indians (≥19 years). Bivariate analyses and logistic models were applied to assess associations between periodontitis and its putative risk factors. Prevalence of clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 97.8%, 63.8% and 30.8% respectively. Percentage of teeth per individual showing clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 49.8%, 18.4% and 8.0% respectively. After adjustment for covariates, individuals aged ≥35 years (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 3.09-11.00; p < 0.001), men (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.15-4.11; p = 0.02) and diabetics (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 1.03-14.99; p = 0.05) had a higher risk for destructive periodontitis, classified according to the CDC/AAP case definition. Though periodontitis was highly prevalent in Kiriri Indians, only few teeth showed advanced disease, and periodontitis was associated with higher age, male sex and diabetes. A public health action that includes programs of prevention and treatment targeting high-risk groups is vital to improve the periodontal status of this population.

Clinical Attachment Loss in Chilean Adult Population: First Chilean National Dental Examination Survey

Data from national surveys regarding the periodontal status of the adult population in Latin America are scarce. The aim of this study assesses the prevalence and extension of clinical attachment loss (AL) in the adult population of Chile. Age, sex, and sociodemographic and behavioral differences in the prevalence of clinical AL are also examined. A stratified, multistage probability design formula was used to separate the adult Chilean population into two age cohorts. The first group consisted of 1,092 young adults (age range: 35 to 44 years), and the second group consisted of 469 adult seniors (age range: 65 to 74 years). All subjects were examined to measure clinical AL. The research also included an evaluation, conducted through oral interviews, of social and health aspects of the subjects. Clinical AL was measured in all teeth surfaces, excluding third molars. Results were analyzed using a multivariable model and logistic regression. A total of 93.45% of the young adults had ≥ 1 site with clinical AL >3 mm compared with 97.58% of the adult seniors, with an average of 6.51 and 15.81 missing teeth, respectively (P <0.05). The number of sites with severe clinical AL (>6 mm) was 38.65% in young adults and 69.35% in senior adults (P <0.05). Clinical AL was significantly higher in males than in females (P <0.05). The multivariate analyses identified that the main risk indicators for clinical AL >6 mm in ≥ 1 site were: age (65 to 74 years), sex (male) low education level (<or=12 years of education), and smoking (P <0.05). The adult population in Chile shows a high prevalence and extension of clinical AL with age, sex, education level, and smoking as the main risk indicators of severe clinical AL in this population.

Prevalencia de la Pérdida de Inserción Clínica en Adolescentes de Colegios Públicos de Medellín-Colombia

Background and AimsData on periodontal conditions in adolescents living in Medellin, Colombia are scarce. The aim of the present study was to estimate risk indicators and the prevalence of clinical attachment loss using multivariable logistic regression. MethodsA random sample of the Colombian adolescents was obtained, comprising 629 subjects. A probability, weighted sample was selected using a complex, multistage probability sampling design. The study was clustered in schools and classrooms. The study subjects were clinically examined under field conditions by a single calibrated examiner who measured gingival recession and recorded probing depths at six different sites per tooth, with subsequent calculation of clinical periodontal attachment level for each site. ResultsThe prevalence of clinical attachment loss ≥1mm in the sample was 40.6%; with a prevalence range between 26.5% and 55.3%, depending on age and gender. Clinical attachment loss ≥2mm was found in 29.9% of the students and attachment loss ≥3mm was seen in 16% of the students. The logistic regression model revealed that only gender significantly increased the probability of having clinical attachment loss. ConclusionsThis study shows the prevalence of clinical attachment loss in adolescents in Medellin and proves that gender is associated with a higher odd ratio of clinical attachment loss.

Prevalence of Clinical Attachment Loss in Adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Data on periodontal conditions in adolescents in the Dominican Republic are scarce. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal attachment loss among Dominican adolescents. This study did not attempt to classify the disease into aggressive and chronic periodontitis. A random sample of 2,007 Dominican adolescents was obtained. A probability, weighted sample was selected using a complex, multi-stage probability sampling design. The study was clustered in 26 schools and 106 classes. The study subjects were clinically examined under field conditions by a single calibrated examiner who measured gingival recession and probing depth at six sites per tooth, with subsequent calculation of clinical periodontal attachment level for each site. The prevalence of clinical attachment loss > or = 1 mm was 49.5%, with the prevalence ranging between 48.7% and 50.2%, depending on age and gender. Clinical attachment loss > or = 2 mm was found in 15% of the students and attachment loss > or = 3 mm in 4.0% of the students. Logistic regression model revealed that only age significantly increased the probability of having clinical attachment loss. We conclude that clinical attachment loss is common in adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions.

The periodontal-systemic connection: implications for treatment of patients with osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia may influence periodontal disease and tooth loss. Medications such as hormone replacement therapy and nutritional supplements that are used to prevent or treat osteoporosis have been evaluated for beneficial effects on oral health in a small number of human studies. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which slows the rate of bone loss at skeletal sites such as the hip and spine, also appears to reduce the rate of alveolar bone loss in postmenopausal women. HRT use is consistently associated with greater tooth retention and a reduced likelihood of edentulism in studies of elderly women. The number of studies on the effects of calcium or vitamin D intake on oral outcomes is limited, but suggest that higher intake levels are associated with reduced prevalence of clinical attachment loss and lower risk of tooth loss. Data from a prospective study of oral health in men show a similar association between higher calcium intake and reduced alveolar bone loss. The number of teeth with progression of alveolar bone loss over a 7-year period was significantly lower among men whose calcium intake was at least 1,000 mg per day, compared to men with a calcium intake below this level. Future studies should confirm these findings and evaluate the oral effects of new medications for osteoporosis. If confirmed, the implications for dental professionals may include an expanded array of medications for the treatment of periodontal disease and a greater emphasis on nutrition education for patients.