Prevalence Of Cervical Neoplasia Research Articles

Burden of cervical neoplasia in mid-western rural Nepal: a population-based study.

ObjectiveTo assess the burden of cervical neoplasia in mid-western rural, Nepal using cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI).MethodA cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted. Total of 2,279 married, non-pregnant women aged 20–65 years participated in a screening clinic from May 2016 to January 2017. All eligible women completed self-report of socio-demographic and reproductive health data followed by screening tests. Biopsies were obtained from areas on the cervix assessed by VIA and or VILI to be abnormal. Final disease was confirmed by biopsy report.ResultsA total of 96.09% (n=2,190) women were eligible for this study with mean age 32.78±9.33 years. The overall rate of positive cytology, VIA, and VILI were 3.69%, 12.45%, and 16.89%, respectively. Sixty-two cases were biopsy proven cervical neoplasia. Altogether 78 (3.69%) cases were cytologically abnormal: 25 (1.18%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 33 (1.56%) were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 11 (0.52%) were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 9 (0.42%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Illiterate women appeared to be at higher risk for cervical neoplasia (p<0.001). Similarly, age ≥46 years (p<0.013), participant's multiple marriages or sexual partners (p<0.005), and positive human immunodeficiency virus status (p<0.001) were significantly associated with abnormal cytology.ConclusionBased on cytology report, there is 3.69% prevalence of cervical neoplasia among women in a rural region of mid-western, Nepal. A “screen and treat” approach would be more attractive in low resource settings.

Association of Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Cervical Neoplasia - A Study in a Poor Nigerian Population.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a contraceptive method used by women of reproductive age group. However, there are conflicting reports on the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia. These controversies may further hamper the poor uptake of modern contraception in Nigeria. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia. This was a case control study in which Pap smear results of 156 participants on IUD were compared with those of 156 non-users of modern contraception. The participants who were found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were further subjected to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the participants with obvious cervical lesions or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence. Seven (4.5%) and 2(1.3%) of participants using IUD had Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1 and CIN 2 respectively. Also, 5(3.2%) and 1(0.6%) of non-users of modern contraception had CIN 1 and CIN 2 respectively. The prevalence of cervical neoplasia among all the participants was 4.8%. Although, the proportion of women who had CIN was more among participants using IUD than non-users of modern contraception, the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant association between IUD and cervical neoplasia in this study.

Unique variants of human papillomavirus genotypes 52 and 58 and risk of cervical neoplasia

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 52 and 58 are oncogenic HPV types prevalent in Asia. Our study aims to explore intratypic variants of HPV 52 and 58 in Taiwan. A total of 11,923 women were enrolled from seven townships in 1991-1992. HPV DNA in their cervical cells was detected and typed by EasyChip® HPV blot. Among 424 participants infected with HPV 52 and/or 58, nucleotide variations were determined in cervical cell samples of 406 participants by the polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region, E6 and E7 genes. Nonprototype-like variants including lineages B and C were detected in 278 (99.3%) of 280 HPV 52 samples. The prototype and prototype-like group (lineage A) of HPV58 was found in 132 (98.5%) of 134 HPV 58 samples, with sublineage A1, A2 and A3 variant in 14.2, 27.6 and 56.7%, respectively. Among women infected with single HPV 52 type, the C variant (vs. B variant) was associated with an increased prevalence of cytologically diagnosed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse lesions showing an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 5.2 (1.0-27.6) and an increased prevalence of histologically confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or more severe lesions with an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 7.6 (1.3-43.8). It was concluded that frequency distributions of HPV 52 and 58 variants in Taiwan were different from those in European and American populations. The association between C variant of HPV 52 and prevalence of cervical neoplasia needs further validation.

Prevalence and risk factors of sexually transmitted infections and cervical neoplasia in women from a rural area of southern Mozambique.

There is limited information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and the prevalence of cervical neoplasia in rural sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the prevalence and the etiology of STIs and the prevalence of cervical neoplasia among women in southern Mozambique. An age-stratified cross-sectional study was performed where 262 women aged 14 to 61 years were recruited at the antenatal clinic (59%), the family-planning clinic (7%), and from the community (34%). At least one active STI was diagnosed in 79% of women. Trichomonas vaginalis was present in 31% of all study participants. The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis were 14% and 8%, respectively, and Syphilis was diagnosed in 12% of women. HPV DNA was detected in 40% of women and cervical neoplasia was diagnosed in 12% of all women. Risk factors associated with the presence of some of the STIs were being divorced or widowed, having more than one sexual partner and having the partner living in another area. A higher prevalence was observed in the reproductive age group and some of the STIs were more frequently diagnosed in pregnant women. STI control programs are a priority to reduce the STIs burden, including HIV and cervical neoplasia.

Association of cervical SIL and HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean women in an HIV/STI prevention study.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on women attending family planning clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe to determine the prevalence of cervical neoplasia among HIV-1 positive women relative to an HIV-1 negative control group. Five hundred and fifty four women were recruited and the prevalence of HIV-1 was 36.8%. Cervical cytology was abnormal in 25.6% of HIV-infected women compared to only 6.7% HIV-1 seronegative women. Cervical neoplasia was significantly associated with HIV infection (chi(2)=42.4, P<0.001). Cellular changes typical of HPV infection (koilocytocis) were recorded in 6.4% of HIV infected women compared with 1.7% of HIV-1-uninfected women (chi(2)=8.43, P=0.004). HIV-1-positive women had twice the risk of having abnormal cervical cells than HIV-negative women (relative risk 2.47, odds ratio 10.14, P<0.001). Therefore the introduction of national cervical screening programme in HIV-1 endemic countries like Zimbabwe where the highest burden of pre-malignant lesions is among HIV-1-infected women needs careful planning because these women have other competing health needs including high rates of opportunistic infections.

Is HIV Infection Associated With an Increase in the Prevalence of Cervical Neoplasia?

Smith, J. R.; Kitchen, V. S.; Botcherby, M.; Hepburn, M.; Wells, C.; Gor, D.; Forster, S. M.; Harris, J. R. W.; Steer, P.; Mason, P. Author Information

Is HIV infection associated with an increase in the prevalence of cervical neoplasia?

Objective To test the hypotheses: 1 that HIV infection predisposes to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); 2 that this CIN is a result of HIV related immunosuppression; and 3 that this CIN is a result of immunosuppression causing increased expression of the potentially oncogenic viruses, human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Design A matched cross sectional study. Setting The Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Samaritan Hospital, London; the Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London; and the Family Planning Clinic, Claremont Terrace, Glasgow. Subjects Fifty HIV seropositive women enrolled from the Genitourinary Medicine Department and the Drug Dependency Unit at St Mary's Hospital, London, and the Unit of Infectious Diseases at Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow. Forty-three HIV seronegative controls enrolled from the Department of Genitourinary Medicine at St Mary's Hospital, matched against 43 of the seropositive women for age, age at first intercourse, lifetime number of sexual partners, and smoking habit. Main outcome measures Associations between CIN, as detected by cytology and histology, and HIV infection. Association was also sought between CIN and immunosuppression, as measured clinically by T4 cell number, β-2-microglobulin and p24 antigen. Associations of these with: (1) HPV, as detected by Southern blot testing and the polymerase chain reaction; (2) EBV, as detected by Southern blot testing; and (3) HSV, as detected by tissue culture of endocervical swabs, was also studied. Results There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CIN or oncogenic viruses between HIV seropositive and seronegative women in the absence of immunosuppression. If the HIV infected women showed signs of immunosuppression, the prevalence of CIN was increased. No association was shown between detection of HPV, EBV and HSV and immunosuppression or CIN. Conclusion HIV infection may only be associated with an increased risk of CIN when immunosuppression is present.

Is HIV infection associated with an increase in the prevalence of cervical neoplasia?

To test the hypotheses: (1) that HIV infection predisposes to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); (2) that this CIN is a result of HIV related immunosuppression; and (3) that this CIN is a result of immunosuppression causing increased expression of the potentially oncogenic viruses, human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). A matched cross sectional study. The Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Samaritan Hospital, London; the Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London; and the Family Planning Clinic, Claremont Terrace, Glasgow. Fifty HIV seropositive women enrolled from the Genitourinary Medicine Department and the Drug Dependency Unit at St Mary's Hospital, London, and the Unit of Infectious Diseases at Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow. Forty-three HIV seronegative controls enrolled from the Department of Genitourinary Medicine at St Mary's Hospital, matched against 43 of the seropositive women for age, age at first intercourse, lifetime number of sexual partners, and smoking habit. Associations between CIN, as detected by cytology and histology, and HIV infection. Association was also sought between CIN and immunosuppression, as measured clinically by T4 cell number, beta-2-microglobulin and p24 antigen. Associations of these with: (1) HPV, as detected by Southern blot testing and the polymerase chain reaction; (2) EBV, as detected by Southern blot testing; and (3) HSV, as detected by tissue culture of endocervical swabs, was also studied. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CIN or oncogenic viruses between HIV seropositive and seronegative women in the absence of immunosuppression. If the HIV infected women showed signs of immunosuppression, the prevalence of CIN was increased. No association was shown between detection of HPV, EBV and HSV and immunosuppression or CIN. HIV infection may only be associated with an increased risk of CIN when immunosuppression is present.

Cervical neoplasia in residents of a low-income housing project: An epidemiologic study

In 1969, a published report estimated that the incidence of cervical cancer in a low-income housing project in Atlanta, Georgia, might be of epidemic proportion. In 1971, we surveyed this housing project to determine if the prevalence rate of cervical neoplasia was unusually high during the period January, 1969, through September, 1971. From the survey we determined the number of women at risk for cervical neoplasia, and we determined the number of women who had cervical neoplasia from the Tumor Registry at Grady Memorial Hospital. The over-all cervical dysplasia rate was 63/1,000. The over-all prevalence rate of cervical carcinoma in situ was 11/1,000. These rates were compared with rates in two studies which also dealt with the prevalence of cervical neoplasia in low-income black populations. The rates in all three studies were comparable. We conclude that the high rates do not necessarily signify an epidemic, but we suspect that the prevalence of cervical neoplasia in low-income black women is much higher than previously estimated.