Prevalence Of Cancer Cases Research Articles

An Analysis of Cancer causing Substances and its Impact on Prevalence of Cancer Cases among General Population residing along Thamirabharani River Basin – Evidence based research

As water quality degradation worsens in many countries, economic growth is stunted, health conditions worsen, food production is reduced, and poverty is exacerbated. The aim is to study the quantified levels of carcinogens in the environment, according to IARC Classification such as Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Nitrite/Nitrate and Phosphates and its correlation with spurts of cancer cases across certain sites that lie along Thamirabharani river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. A Systematic literature review for cross-sectional studies that provided information about the groundwater quality was carried out using six databases, "Researchgate, PubMed, Elsevier science direct, Wiley Online Library, Medline and Springerlink" from 2005 to 2021. TNCRP 2021 was taken as a reference to analyze the percentage of all types of cancer cases reported in the districts that lie along the river basin. Quality assessment was done using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The results show the presence of high concentration of carcinogens in the groundwater and sediments collected near the industries, agricultural land and municipal sewage yard. The significant association between exceeding of the permissible limit of various heavy metal elements and compounds and percentage of cancer cases at that particular site is established in this study. Oral findings commonly associated with chronic toxicity of carcinogenic heavy metals are listed which serves as an alarming signal to adapt to healthy lifestyle and dietary modifications as required.

Current Practice Of Histopathology In Pakistan: Difficulties, Challenges, And Solutions.

Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis of cancers as well as many non 14 neoplastic diseases. Pakistan is a country of more than 220 million people and the fifth most populated country of the world. Unfortunately, it has a weak healthcare system in general and poor pathology services in particular. Till date, only 338 histopathologists have passed their fellowship examination in Pakistan; this has led to a very alarming situation considering the marked increase in the prevalence of cancer cases and other diseases which need histopathological interpretation. There are only 18 big histopathological labs in the country, the majority of which are located in major cities which further delays the diagnosis of patients who live in rural areas. Immediate steps are required for better histopathology services in the country. Adoption of digital tools may bridge the gaps of histopathology-practice and ensure consistency across the country.

Jordanian Patients’ Perspectives of the Role of Complementary Medicine in the Treatment of Cancer

Background: In recent years, Jordan has seen a rise in the prevalence of cancer cases. Many Jordanian cancer patients have reported a readiness to try to alleviate their symptoms, and thus improve their quality of life by adopting a blend of traditional, complementary and integrative (TCI) medicines. Currently, hospitals in Jordan offer no or limited complementary medicine (CM) services as part of oncology or palliative cancer care. Purpose: This study examines the perspectives of Jordanian cancer patients regarding the desirability of integrating a range of CM approaches with the conventional treatments offered by hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive study, 253 patients formed a convenient sample and were asked to complete the Questionnaire on Integrating Complementary Medicine in Oncology Treatment. Results: More than 40% of the patients were found to have used CM during chemo or radiotherapy. Different types of herbal medicine were the most used treatments. More than a half of the participants showed willingness to seek advice from healthcare professionals on the use of CM for cancer treatment if it was integrated into their oncology treatment. Participants expected CM to improve their symptoms of pain, nausea and vomiting, as well as changes in appetite. Conclusion: Since there can be some safety issues involved with CM approaches, training should be given to care providers on how to best help their cancer patients based on evidence-based culturally sensitive consultation. Implications for Nursing: More research is needed to be done into the perspectives of healthcare providers and care givers on CM use and its usefulness alongside the conventional medical treatments.

Prevalence of cancer cases among population of Kirkuk, Iraq from 2016-2020

Objective: To present a clear picture of the cancer cases reported in Kirkuk between 2016 and 2020 and to identify the top 10 instances in both genders. Methodology: This cohort/retrospective study was conducted at oncology/hematology center in Kirkuk governorate from January, 2021 to May, 2022. The data were collected from the official records of oncology/hematology center in Kirkuk governorate and consisted of 4917 cancer cases during the five years period from 2016 to 2020. Results: A total of 4719 cases of all cancer types in Kirkuk were recorded from 2016-2020. Of these, 64.2% were females and 35.8% males. Age of 65.8% cases was between 41-70 years, with a mean of 52.624±22.593 years. For both genders, breast cancer was the most common (1532), followed by lung cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer is on the top of ten cancers and is on the rising trend. The Ministry of health should plan for a strategy of regular screening for breast cancer in women and increasing the awareness of the women regarding breast self-examination for early detection.

Recent Updates on the Development of Deuterium-Containing Drugs for the Treatment of Cancer.

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. In 2020, 19.3 million cancer cases and 10 million deaths were reported in the world. It is supposed that the prevalence of cancer cases will rise to 28.4 million by 2040. Chemotherapy-based regimens have a narrow therapeutic index, severe adverse drug reactions, and lack metabolic stability. Besides, the metabolism of anticancer produces several non-active and toxic metabolites that reduce exposure of the target site to the parent drug. Therefore, developing better-tolerated and effective new anticancer drugs and modification of the existing anticancer drugs to minimize toxicity and increase efficacy has become a very urgent need. Deuterium incorporation reduces the metabolism of certain drugs that are breakdown by pathways involving hydrogen-carbon bond scission. For example, CYP450 mediated oxidative metabolism of drugs that involves the breakdown of a hydrogen-carbon bond affected by deuteration. Deuterium incorporation into the drug increases the half-life and reduces the dose, which provides better safety and efficacy. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated form of tetrabenazine approved to treat chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and tardive dyskinesia. The study revealed that Deutetrabenazine has fewer neuropsychiatric side effects with favorable safety than tetrabenazine. The current review highlights the deuterium kinetic isotope effect on drug metabolism, deuterated compound pharmacokinetic property, and safety profile. Besides, this review explains the deuterated anticancer drug development update status.

Utility and health-related quality of life measures in adult Colombian patients with solid tumours.

According to a 2020 report, the World Health Organization explained how, in 20 years, the prevalence of cancer cases will increase by 60% worldwide. In lower-middle-income countries, this figure will be 74.07%. Therefore, the authors propose a series of recommendations, such as how to address both traditional health indicators and the psychosocial environment, to improve the health system. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the impact of cancer on the quality of life (QoL) and health status of oncology patients in Colombia. An observational cross-sectional study using patient reported outcomes tools, such as European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life of Cancer Patients (QLQ-C30) and EuroQoL-5 dimensions questionnaire-3 levels (EQ5D-3L), was carried out. The information of 356 people was compiled. They were contacted by patient associations. The results were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using ordinary least squares methodology. For the EORTC QLQ-C30, overall health status was 66.05 (95% confidence interval: 63.78–68.32), on the functional scales, emotional and social function were the two scales with the lowest ratings (71.57 and 71.77), without any representative differences. For the EQ5D-3L, the average utility was 0.70 (Standard deviation: 0.20); 50% of people had a utility between 0.63 and 0.82. The analysed population was most affected in the following areas: financial difficulties, insomnia, anxiety, depression and emotional functioning, establishing the need for future interventions and the creation of public policies that generate a better QoL for patients.

Communication Issues and Challenges of Information Sharing, Care Plans and Treatment Modalities for Cancer Patients and Families Accessing Hospice and Palliative Care Services in Nigeria and South Africa

Background: The recent upsurge in the prevalence of cancer cases in Nigeria and other African countries is fast becoming a great challenge for the clinicians and urgently required holistic interventions. Most patients (60%–70%) usually present at an advanced incurable stage. Communication issues such as breaking bad news, discussions around treatment options, prognosis and advance care plans are often neglected. Cancer diagnosis is often synonymous to a death sentence and inadequate knowledge about disease trajectories and information sharing with patients and their families is often responsible for patients' frustration. A supportive palliative oncology teams play a critical role in facilitating and communicating between clinicians, patients and their families to bridge the gap and ensure effective therapeutic communication. Aim: In preparation for the forthcoming UICC African Cancer fellowship visit to the Life Abundant Palliative Care, Victoria Hospital in Wynberg, South Africa, a preliminary study will be made to identify relevant challenging issues and data among cancer patients at the Federal Medical Center Abeokuta Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective and prospective study will be performed of diagnosed cancer patients referred to the Pain and Palliative Medicine Department of the Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria between 2016 and 2017. Their diagnosis, treatment options, treatment compliance and defaults, offer of advance care plans, extent of interdisciplinary team and family involvement will be evaluated using the patients' case-notes. For surviving patients attending the pain and supportive palliative oncology clinic, their knowledge of the disease, treatment challenges, prognostication and family support will be identified and documented. Results: The observational gaps in the retrieved information and data about the treatment outcomes and interdisciplinary team support and challenges will form the basis or rather the prestudy platform for the planned fellowship visit on to the Life Abundant Palliative Care, Victoria Hospital in Wynberg, South Africa. The identified knowledge and skills gap would be used to design the final study in South Africa in August 2018. Conclusion: It is expected that the two studies will reflect communication issues and the approach to cancer patients' management in two different African clinical settings. The acquired lessons or experience during the second phase studies in the South Africa clinical setting would be translated to Nigeria practice and also shared at the 2018 UICC World Congress.