Prevalence Of Burning Mouth Syndrome Research Articles

Oral Findings and Salivary Alpha-Amylase in Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Background: The increasing global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an important challenge, leading to a heightened demand for oral medicine in developed nations. This demand arises from the recognition of the association between psychiatric disorders and other conditions, including various orofacial pain disorders. Objective: This study are to evaluate oral conditions such as recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste and to assess salivary alpha-amylase in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional study design that includes a sample of 49 patients who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and who have undergone treatment for at least two weeks. The control group consists of 34 healthy subjects with no signs or symptoms of systemic disease. The study group received the diagnosis in Najaf City according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). With respect to recurrent aphthous ulcers, the results of this study show the percentage of patients with oral ulcers is significantly higher than in the control group. Results: The results also show that the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome is significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in healthy controls. A highly statistically significant difference was found between the study group and the control group regarding altered taste. There is also a significant difference in salivary alpha-amylase levels between the study and control groups (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Major depressive disorder patients have much higher incidences of reported recurrent aphthous ulcers, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste than healthy subjects, indicating the importance of psychological factors in these conditions. Additionally, salivary alpha-amylase levels were higher in patients with major depressive disorder than in the control group.

A nationwide register-based study of the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in Taiwan from 2004 to 2013

Background/purposeBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic burning pain of the oral mucosa with no associated clinical signs or apparent extraneous cause. Limited epidemiologic data have been published. In this study, we probed the nationwide registered database to assess the prevalence of BMS in Taiwan.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted to analyze the dental dataset compiled by the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2004 to 2013. The diagnosis of BMS was identified in accordance with the International Classification of Disease, Ninth revision. In addition, sex and age were analyzed by multivariate Poisson regression.ResultsThe prevalence of BMS revealed from 2.24 (per 104) to 3.11 (per 104) over past 10 year period. Female has higher risk of BMS than male (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.37–1.41). The 50–59 years old group, 60–69 years old group, and >70 years old group had 1.55-, 2.06-, and 2.58-fold risk than 40–49 years old group for BMS (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionTaken together, this is the first reported nationwide population based prevalence data for BMS in Taiwan. The risk for BMS is highly associated with female and advancing age.

Worldwide prevalence estimates of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the worldwide prevalence and epidemiology profile of burning mouth syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Search strategies were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database for studies published before January 31, 2021, for the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome. Eighteen articles were included. The overall pooled prevalence of burning mouth syndrome was 1.73% (95% CI=0.176-0.351, n=26,632) in general population, and 7.72% (95% CI=0.434-0.691, n=86,591) in clinical patients. The subgroup analysis by continent showed that among the population-based studies the prevalence in Asia (1.05%) lower than in Europe (5.58%) and North America (1.10%). The subgroup analysis by gender showed the prevalence of female (1.15%) was higher than male (0.38%) in general population. The subgroup analysis by age showed the prevalence was higher for people over 50 (3.31%) than under 50 (1.92%). The pooled prevalence of burning mouth syndrome was relatively high in both general population and clinical patients, varies in different regions with the highest prevalence in Europe, and females over 50years were the most susceptible group. More epidemiological surveys on the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome are needed.

Prevalence of Burning Mouth Syndrome in A sample of Egyptian Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Cross Sectional Hospital-Based Study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the systemic causes of secondary burning mouth syndrome. Burning sensation in diabetic patients has been attributed to poor glycemic control and regional neuropathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common microvascular chronic complication of diabetes, affecting almost half of the diabetic population. Aim: To assess the frequency of burning mouth syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: A total number of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed clinically with peripheral neuropathy were recruited. Clinical examination was done to exclude any oral lesions. Oral complaints related to burning mouth syndrome including burning sensation, altered taste sensation, and xerostomia were recorded using dichotomous method. Results: The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy was 18.8%. About half of the of the participants (53.2%) had contributing local factors as fissured tongue, oral lichen planus and chronic candidiasis. There is a positive correlation between local factors and burning mouth syndrome, also there is a positive correlation between local factors and metabolic control (p.value<0.05). Conclusion: Burning mouth syndrome in patients with diabetic neuropathy is complicated. The contributing oral factors are associated with poor metabolic control. Good metabolic control should be achieved to prevent effects of hyperglycemia on oral mucosa, also to prevent further deterioration in neuropathic mechanism.

Preliminary Clinical Study of Initial Screening Blood Test Data onOutpatients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Study background: The objective of study is a survey to report the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to evaluated the co-morbidities associated to BMS. Subjects and Methods: A total 393 patients (54 males and 339 females; mean age 67 years; age range 27-102) were selected for this study. We carried out initial screening blood tests to these patients. Furthermore, we examined if there were previous and/or present systemic diseases and regularly taken medication by medical interview. Results: Female patients over 50 years old accounted for 89.3% (351/393). Dry mouth (330/393: 84.0%) was the most concomitant symptom with BMS. The ratio of abnormal measurements of iron was 35.9% (141/393). Zinc was 12.2% (48/393). However, the higher outrange ratio of MCV was 39.9% (157/393) and the lower outrange ratio of MCV was 8.7% (34/393). The higher outrange ratio of MCH was 36.6% (144/393) and the lower outrange ratio of MCH was 6.4% (25/393). The highest ratio of systematic disease of hypertension was 34.6% (136/393). Conclusions: We suspected that pernicious anemia may be most important factor of the BMS. Many patients had a number of systemic diseases and were taking several kinds of medicine. BMS is very complex disease, so it needs that more detailed investigation of systematic disease and habitual drug-taking is also needed.

The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Features in Burning Mouth Syndrome.

To compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and their relationship with pain. Cross-sectional clinical study. University-Hospital. 75 BMS patients were enrolled. The study was conducted between September 2011 and March 2012 at the "Federico II" University of Naples. Demographic characteristics and clinical information including age, sex, educational level, marital status, job status, age at disease onset, oral symptoms, and triggers were collected via questionnaire interviews. To assess pain intensity the visual analogue scale (VAS) was administered. Descriptive statistics were collected, and Pearson Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests and the Spearman bivariate correlation were performed. The mean age was 61.17 (±11.75, female/male ratio = 3:1). The mean age at disease onset was 56.75 (±12.01). A low educational level (8.57 ± 4.95) and 80% of unemployment were found. Job status and age at disease onset correlated with the VAS scale (P = 0.019 and P = 0.015, respectively). Tongue morphology changes, taste disturbances, and intraoral foreign body sensation have a significant dependence on gender (P = 0.049, 0.001, and 0.045, respectively); intraoral foreign body sensation has a significant dependence on marital status (P = 0.033); taste disturbances have a significant dependence on job status. (P = 0.049); xerostomia has a significant dependence on age (P = 0.039); and tongue color changes and a bitter taste have a significant dependence on educational level (P = 0.040 and 0.022, respectively). Marital status and educational level have a significant dependence on the triggers (P = 0.036 and 0.049, respectively). The prevalence of BMS is higher in women, and in married, unemployed, and less highly educated patients. Burning is the most frequent symptom while stressful life events are the most frequent trigger reported.

The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome: A population-based study

The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome: A population-based study

Prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in institutionalized and non-institutionalized psychiatric patients: a study from AVBR Hospital in central India

Dental treatment is reported to be the greatest unattended health need of people with a disability. The aim of the present study was therefore to quantify the prevalence of oral diseases with a psychosomatic component (recurrent aphthous stomatitis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral lichen planus) in psychiatric patients and to screen these patients for any other oral disorders, so that better care could be provided. In this cross-sectional, single-assessment study, 150 psychiatric patients were evaluated for presence of oral disorders. They were screened based on their socio-demographic profiles, clinical profile, and standardized psychiatric scales. The prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), burning mouth syndrome (BMS), and oral lichen planus (OLP) was 19.33%(29 patients), 20.66% (31 patients) and 5.33% (8 patients), respectively, amongst all psychiatric patients. The prevalence of burning mouth syndrome was much higher in patients taking psychiatric medications (25%) than in drug-naïve patients. On screening for other oral disorders, 35.33% of psychiatric patients had at least one other such disorder. We concluded that this patient group experiences a considerable burden of occult oral disorders necessitating thorough oral care. We also described the possible causes of the higher prevalence of oral disorders in psychiatric patients.

Prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in adult Turkish population

Amac: Agiz yanmasi sendromu (AYS) kronik bir orofasi­yal agri olarak tanimlanir ve semptomatik olarak dilde ve dudakta veya butun agiz boslugu icinde yangi tarzinda bir agriyla karakterizedir. Uluslararasi calismalarda Agiz yanmasi sendromunun prevalansinin %0,6 ile %15 ara­sinda degistigi rapor edilmektedir. Bu calismada Turk top­lumunda AYS prevalansinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve yontem: Demografik ozellikler, tibbi oyku ve hastalar tarafindan alinan ilaclar ile birlikte klinik verileri de iceren bir anket formu olusturuldu. Bu kesitsel calisma Kirikkale Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi Restoratif Dis Hekimligi bolumune basvuran katilimcilar arasindan rastgele secilen 1000 hasta (500 kadin ve 500 erkek) uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Sonuclar: 12 hastada agiz yanmasi sendromu tespit edilmistir prevelansi %0,12 olarak bulunmustur. Bu has­talarin 2\' si erkek ve 10\'u kadindir. Erkek kadin orani 1:5 olarak bulunmustur. Agiz yanmasi sendromu en cok dil­de gorulmustur. Parafonksyonel aliskanliklar en yaygin faktor olarak gozlemlenmistir. Gorsel analog skala (VAS) sonuclarina gore ortalama (±SD) yangi siddeti seviyesi 5,45(±1,69) olarak bulunmustur. Sonuc: Agiz yanmasi sendromunun Turk toplumunda prevalansi dusuk olup kadinlarda daha sik rastlanmak­tadir.

Risk factors in burning mouth syndrome: a case–control study based on patient records

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a multifactorial condition which is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate a group of patients with BMS, as compared to a control group, and to describe related local and systemic factors. Records of patients referred to the Oral Pathology Service at the School of Dentistry over a period of 7years were considered for the study, within which 32 patients with a diagnosis of BMS were found. A randomized group matched for age and gender was also evaluated for the study. Data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Prevalence of BMS was 0.99% (32 BMS patients/3,243 records), considering that females were more commonly affected than were males and that the majority of the individuals were in their sixties. The univariate analysis performed comparing the two groups revealed statistical differences concerning the presence of gastrointestinal diseases (p = 0.003) and urogenital diseases (p = 0.012). The intake of H-2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor drugs (p = 0.015) also proved to be significant. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that gastrointestinal and urogenital problems were indeed risk factors that were solely associated with BMS. Although a diversity of related factors could be identified, gastrointestinal problems were the most prevalent, suggesting that the management of BMS patients requires attention and an appropriate approach to such disorders.

Correlation between Burning Mouth Syndrome and Anxiety in the Elderly Inmates of Sanitaria in Tehran.

Background and aims Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by a chief complaint of oral burning/pain with no clinically observable oral mucosal lesions. The prevalence of BMS has been reported to be 2.5-5.1% in the general population and several psychological disorders have been reported as associated or predisposing factors for BMS. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between BMS and anxiety in the elderly residents of sani-taria in Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods In a cross-sectional analytical study, 50 patients with BMS were included along with 50 healthy individuals as controls. Inclusion criteria were: age over 60 years, burning sensation in the mouth, normal oral mu-cosa, absence of diabetes, satisfactory prosthesis, absence of iron deficiency and other nutrients, and no heavy smoking habits. Similar inclusion criteria were considered for the control group without any oral complaints. Burning/pain severity was assessed by a 100-mm visual analog scale and the severity of anxiety (state, trait, and total) was determined by Cattell's Anxiety Scale. Data was analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results Individuals with BMS assessed their burning/pain severity to be 27.4 mm (95% CI=25.2 - 29.6 mm). Standard-ized total anxiety scale in individuals with and without BMS (±SE for mean) was 5.9±0.2 and 4.6±0.3 with significant dif-ferences (p=0.001). Similar significant differences were observed in state and trait anxiety between the two groups. Conclusion It seems that both state and trait anxiety are associated with burning mouth syndrome.

Burning mouth syndrome and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has been attributed secondarily to diabetes, poor glycemic control, and diabetic neuropathy. The prevalence and predictor factors of BMS were compared in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nondiabetic subjects. Study design An assessment of 371 adult T1DM subjects and 261 control subjects participating in a cross-sectional epidemiological study of oral health complications of diabetes was performed. Subjects were participants of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study. Prevalence of BMS was determined by response to the following questions: “Do you now or in the last month had any persistent uncomfortable sensations in your mouth or tongue? If yes, would you describe the feeling as tingling, burning, sore, numb, or other?” Results Burning mouth syndrome symptoms were reported by 28 T1DM and control subjects (4.6%). Eleven had oral pathologies that might explain the BMS, including atrophy of the tongue papillae, fissured tongue, denture stomatitis, and candidiasis. The prevalence of BMS within the two groups with no pathologies was similar; 12/371 (3.2%) vs. 5/233 (2.1%). Multivariate analyses of the 12 T1DM subjects with BMS found significant associations for female gender ( P=.042) and a diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( P=.024). Conclusions In this T1DM population, BMS or related discomforts occurred slightly more frequently than in the control group. Symptomatic T1DM subjects were more likely to be female who had also developed peripheral neuropathy. These findings and other similarities between BMS and diabetic peripheral neuropathy suggest that a neuropathic process may be an underlying source of BMS in some patients who have no apparent oral abnormality.